{"title":"The Art of Memory in the Imagines of Philostratus the Elder: arguments and assumptions","authors":"Eugene A. Makovetsky, A. Drikker","doi":"10.25205/1995-4328-2019-13-2-596-616","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25205/1995-4328-2019-13-2-596-616","url":null,"abstract":"The Imagines of Philostratus the Elder is a well-known monument of the Second Sophistic. The book has a rich manuscript and publishing history. No less significant is the research tradition that has developed around the Imagines. Our goal is to try to answer the following question: Can the Imagines be considered as a source for the art of memory? In this regard, we intend to solve two problems at once: first, to find elements of the art of memory in the text of the book, and second, to determine the degree of probability with which the Imagines can be considered as a textbook on the art of memory.","PeriodicalId":228501,"journal":{"name":"ΣΧΟΛΗ. Ancient Philosophy and the Classical Tradition","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116460519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Aphrodite Ζείδωρος: the subversion of the myth of Prometheus and Pandora in Empedocles","authors":"David Hernández Castro","doi":"10.25205/1995-4328-2019-13-2-430-450","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25205/1995-4328-2019-13-2-430-450","url":null,"abstract":"This article examines the relationship between Hesiod and Empedocles through a comparative analysis of the Prometheus and Pandora myth and the Queen Cypris narrative. The author sustains that correspondences between the works of Hesiod and Empedocles can be interpreted through the framework of overlapping narrative structures, which would help to establish the order of the fragments. The relationship between Empedocles and Hesiod is polemic due to the fact that they belong to rival schools of wisdom. In the case of Empedocles, that school emanated from the Sanctuary of Apollo in Delphi.","PeriodicalId":228501,"journal":{"name":"ΣΧΟΛΗ. Ancient Philosophy and the Classical Tradition","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116508672","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Protagoras’ Homo mensura as the criterion of truth","authors":"N. Volkova","doi":"10.25205/1995-4328-2019-13-2-695-704","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25205/1995-4328-2019-13-2-695-704","url":null,"abstract":"The article is about an interpretation of the concept of Measure in the famous thesis of Protagoras (TP) “Man is the Measure of all things” as a criterion of knowledge. The main purpose of this work is to show how the concept of “measure” was gradually transformed into the criterion of truth. The answer to this question can be found in the relevant passages of Plato’s “Theaetetus” and Sextus Empiricus’ “Adversus Mathematicos” and “Outlines of Pyrrhonism”. In the “Theaetetus” Plato represents “the secret doctrine” of Protagoras. According to Ugo Zilioli this doctrine is a robust version of relativism, encompassing different types of it: Relativism of Truth, Relativism of Being and Relativism of Knowledge. Among the other interpretations of the concept of Measure, Plato proposes the following substitution: “to be a Measure” means “to possess the criterion of knowledge”. This replacement allowed Plato to show the internal inconsistency of the TP. In the works of Sextus the concept of Measure in TP is unambiguously interpreted as the criterion of knowledge. For Plato the word criterion is still a philosophical neologism, but in the Hellenistic period it becomes an oft-used philosophical term.","PeriodicalId":228501,"journal":{"name":"ΣΧΟΛΗ. Ancient Philosophy and the Classical Tradition","volume":"51 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116532261","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Bentham on definition of fictitious entities and on Aristotle’s predicaments","authors":"V. Ogleznev","doi":"10.25205/1995-4328-2019-13-1-339-348","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25205/1995-4328-2019-13-1-339-348","url":null,"abstract":"The article presents Bentham’s theory of fictionalism in the form in which it is developed in his Fragment on Ontology and Essay on Logic. It is shown that interest in Bentham’s fictionalism is connected not only and not so much with the fact that it is a necessary part of his philosophical conception, but also with the fact that Bentham’s method of explanation of fictitious entities inspired by Aristotle’s logic and his Predicaments, modified the methodology of modern philosophy. The fictitious entities must be defined by a method of definition that Bentham invented, and termed “Paraphrasis”. This involves placing the definiendum in a sentence, and then paraphrasing it by translating the whole sentence into a sentence equivalent in meaning in which the definiendum does not appear. Thus, Bentham’s paraphrasis and theory of fictitious entities influenced the development of philosophical as well as legal conceptions of the 20th century.","PeriodicalId":228501,"journal":{"name":"ΣΧΟΛΗ. Ancient Philosophy and the Classical Tradition","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126907191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Strasburg Papyrus of Empedocles (The Final Part). A Commented Translation","authors":"","doi":"10.25205/1995-4328-2020-14-2-812-825","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25205/1995-4328-2020-14-2-812-825","url":null,"abstract":"The works completes a Russian commented translation of Empedocles’ fragments available from the Strasburg papyrus. I present here the sequence of the Ensembles b, d and f with the addition of some other fragments known before papyrus’ first publication in 1999. This badly fragmented piece of evidence is translated into Russian for the first time.","PeriodicalId":228501,"journal":{"name":"ΣΧΟΛΗ. Ancient Philosophy and the Classical Tradition","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125713881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A New Book on Sosipatra of Pergamum","authors":"Mikhail Vedeshkin","doi":"10.25205/1995-4328-2022-16-1-360-369","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25205/1995-4328-2022-16-1-360-369","url":null,"abstract":"A review of Marx, H. (2021) Sosipatra of Pergamum: Philosopher and Oracle. New York: Oxford University Press. 152 p.","PeriodicalId":228501,"journal":{"name":"ΣΧΟΛΗ. Ancient Philosophy and the Classical Tradition","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125716792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The grammatical treatise \"De Analogia\" and linguistic conservatism of Julius Caesar in the context of the ancient \"language policy\"","authors":"R. Svetlov, D. Fedorov","doi":"10.25205/1995-4328-2019-13-1-315-329","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25205/1995-4328-2019-13-1-315-329","url":null,"abstract":"In this article are examine certain philological beliefs of Julius Cesar in the context of the “Language Politic” of Roman expansionism. Based on the remaining fragments of the grammatical tract De Analogia, the authors come to the conclusions that Cesar wanted to create a language norm that is free from vulgarities and distortions, the one that adhere to strict grammatical rules, which correspond to the spirit of traditional Roman culture, religion and government. We think that in this treatise Cesar shows himself not only as a jealous defender of linguistic antiquarianism but also as an active political reformer, who corrects and transforms the Latin language, infected, in his view, by the illness of barbarization.","PeriodicalId":228501,"journal":{"name":"ΣΧΟΛΗ. Ancient Philosophy and the Classical Tradition","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128808651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Maximus of Tyre on Socrates’ daimonion (Or. 8–9)","authors":"Alexei Garadja","doi":"10.25205/1995-4328-2022-16-1-317-333","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25205/1995-4328-2022-16-1-317-333","url":null,"abstract":"Maximus of Tyre (fl. late 2nd century ad) is most poorly and confusedly attested in ancient sources. The best testimony to be found is his extant collection of 41 Orationes, or Dissertationes, addressing a wide range of topics, including the issue of ‘Socrates’ daimonion’ (Or. 8–9), which has been also dealt with by Maximus’ fellow Platonists of the Middle stage Plutarchus of Chaeronea (46 – after 119), in De Socratis demonio, and Apuleius of Madauros (c. 124 – c. 170), in De deo Socratis. All of them, with slight variations, consider demons intermediary beings shuttling between heavens and earth, gods and humans; at one point, Maximus compares them to translators who ensure contacts between people of different cultures. Maximus’ Platonism mainly manifests in his attempts to mould his own writings in the spirit and style of Plato’s works. The style is paramount for Maximus, him being not only a Platonist, but also a prominent representative of the Second Sophistic. As an eclectic philosopher, he introduces into his writings sundry Aristotelean and Stoic threads interwoven with Platonic warp and woof. Revealing himself a widely educated person, Maximus shows a good knowledge of Plato as well as other ancient authors, whose many fragments are extant solely thanks to his quotations. Maximus is scarcely known in the Russian language: a few translations of the last century are based on an obsolescent edition. As an appendix, a new Russian translation of Or. 8–9 based on thoroughly corrected editions of Maximus’ text is provided.","PeriodicalId":228501,"journal":{"name":"ΣΧΟΛΗ. Ancient Philosophy and the Classical Tradition","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131228873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Earth of Xenophanes (21 B 28; A 47 DK)","authors":"Mikhail V. Egorochkin","doi":"10.25205/1995-4328-2019-13-2-554-579","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25205/1995-4328-2019-13-2-554-579","url":null,"abstract":"The article for the first time summarizes the views of Xenophanes of Colophon on the earth, its structure and location in the Universe. The most interesting of the fragments devoted to the topic is the fragment B 28, in which Xenophanes, according to the most ancient and modern interpreters, considers the earth to be infinite. The author demonstrates, however, that this interpretation can hardly be correct because Xenophanes speaks not about the infinity of the lower part of the earth, but its lower limit going to infinity. Trying to find out what Xenophanes means by infinity, the author shows that this concept implies both spatial and epistemological uncertainty, so that everything which goes beyond human experience, can be called infinite. Not only the lower part of the earth is infinite in this sense, but also its surface which encompasses many different regions seen as separate worlds, as well as the air going beyond the limits of visibility. Analyzing the testimonies of Pseudo-Plutarch and Hippolytus, the author shows that the Earth’s surface could have been initially made of mud which then was dried and condensed by air and fire. This solid upper part of the Earth, which can be called earth in the narrow sense of the word, can be considered as one of the four elements. However, taken as a whole the Earth of Xenophanes should not be understood as an Aristotelian first principle. Rather it represents the cosmos, that determines the measure of human knowledge, and which can be therefore described by the ancient dictum “all things are Earth” (Arist. Met. A 8, 989a 9–10).","PeriodicalId":228501,"journal":{"name":"ΣΧΟΛΗ. Ancient Philosophy and the Classical Tradition","volume":"70 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133335627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Educational travels of M.S. Koutorga to England and Greece: from London to Athens, including explorations in Boeotia","authors":"A. Mozhajsky","doi":"10.25205/1995-4328-2023-17-1-376-400","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25205/1995-4328-2023-17-1-376-400","url":null,"abstract":"The article deals with the educational travels of the outstanding Russian researcher of antiquity M.S. Koutorga, which he made in England and Greece. In the existing publications on the activities of M.S. Koutorga the trip to England has not been paid attention. This trip can be seen as preparation for a later visit to Greece, where M.S. Koutorga conducted research, especially in Boeotia. In England, Koutorga visited the famous researcher on the ancient topography of Greece, Colonel William Martin Leake, who presented M.S. Kutorga with three of his works. Colonel Leake, through a chain of personal connections, recommended Koutorga to Cambridge, Oxford, and the British Museum. In addition, Mikhail Semenovich became a member of the Cavendish Literary Club, as mentioned in a letter from Lionel Buda. Thus, with the necessary literature, M. S. Koutorga knew the places of Greece that had been less affected by previous explorations, giving him the opportunity to make his own. Having visited Greece, M. S. Koutorga also secured the necessary references. He was associated with A. M. Kumanis, A. R. Rangavis, I. K. Paparrigopoulos, and other statesmen and scientists in Greece. All this made it possible to organize the journey in the best possible way and to carry out research for subsequent publications, among which the study of the Plataean region in Boeotia occupied a special place. The article is based on archival material, most of which is published for the first time, and is accompanied by a map of the region of Plataea, on which the names mentioned by Koutorga are inscribed.","PeriodicalId":228501,"journal":{"name":"ΣΧΟΛΗ. Ancient Philosophy and the Classical Tradition","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132118020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}