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An Empirical Study of Digital Taxi Clearances for Departure Aircraft 离场飞机数字滑行通关的实证研究
Air traffic control quarterly Pub Date : 2013-04-01 DOI: 10.2514/ATCQ.21.2.125
Todd R. Truitt
{"title":"An Empirical Study of Digital Taxi Clearances for Departure Aircraft","authors":"Todd R. Truitt","doi":"10.2514/ATCQ.21.2.125","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2514/ATCQ.21.2.125","url":null,"abstract":"This article presents an experiment that examined the use of digital-taxi (D-Taxi) clearances for departure aircraft under three levels of data link equipage (Voice Only, 40% Data Comm, and 75% Data Comm). Sixteen controllers participated in a high-fidelity, human-in-the-loop experiment to assess the effects of D-Taxi on controller communications, workload, and performance. D-Taxi reduced the time that the participants used the ground control radio frequency when 75% of the aircraft were data link equipped. The participants preferred D-Taxi compared to voice because it reduced their communication responsibilities and removed the potential for readback and hearback errors. Airport system efficiency measures did not provide additional support for the D-Taxi concept and workload remained stable across conditions. Usability measures of the Tower Operations Digital Data System that enabled D-Taxi supported the use of an integrated air traffic display. Overall, the results support the implementation and use of ...","PeriodicalId":221205,"journal":{"name":"Air traffic control quarterly","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129580922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Air-Ground Trajectory Synchronization through Exchange of Aircraft Intent Information 通过交换飞机意图信息实现空地轨迹同步
Air traffic control quarterly Pub Date : 2012-10-01 DOI: 10.2514/ATCQ.20.4.311
Javier López Leonés, A. D. Amo, Jesper Bronsvoort, G. McDonald, Ibrahim Bayraktutar, Miguel Ángel Pérez Lorenzo, Harald Dierks
{"title":"Air-Ground Trajectory Synchronization through Exchange of Aircraft Intent Information","authors":"Javier López Leonés, A. D. Amo, Jesper Bronsvoort, G. McDonald, Ibrahim Bayraktutar, Miguel Ángel Pérez Lorenzo, Harald Dierks","doi":"10.2514/ATCQ.20.4.311","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2514/ATCQ.20.4.311","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents preliminary results on how the exchange of Aircraft Intent (AI) information derived from a Flight Management System (FMS) can improve trajectory predictions made by different operational ground-based Decisions Support Tools (DSTs). AI, which contains information about the guidance strategy planned by the FMS, was expressed using the Aircraft Intent Description Language (AIDL). This formal language allows the encoding of any possible guidance mode or flight commands available to a pilot or FMS. Translators for airborne and ground-based operational DSTs were developed to facilitate the exchange and use of AI information in the AIDL format. The different operational DSTs considered in this study included an Indra Flight Data Processing System, a Barco Arrival Manager, and a General Electric Aviation Systems (GEAS) FMS. An experiment was conducted in which AI information was exchanged between a GEAS FMS and the different DSTs. The experiment was purposely conducted in nominal conditions (e...","PeriodicalId":221205,"journal":{"name":"Air traffic control quarterly","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130862683","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 13
A Robust Method for Universal Beacon Code Assignment 一种鲁棒的通用信标码分配方法
Air traffic control quarterly Pub Date : 2012-10-01 DOI: 10.2514/ATCQ.20.4.341
Vivek Kumar, L. Sherry, R. Jehlen
{"title":"A Robust Method for Universal Beacon Code Assignment","authors":"Vivek Kumar, L. Sherry, R. Jehlen","doi":"10.2514/ATCQ.20.4.341","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2514/ATCQ.20.4.341","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes a method for assignment of beacon codes for secondary surveillance that eliminates the need for code reassignments. The method, Space-Time Adjacency algorithm, assigns unique codes to flights by exploiting the temporal and spatial opportunities in individual flight plans. In simulations of 2007 National Airspace System traffic using this method no reassignments were required. The method is robust for peak day operations in all seasons in the presence of temporal and spatial variations in flight plans. As a result, controller and pilot workload can be reduced, while increasing safety margins.","PeriodicalId":221205,"journal":{"name":"Air traffic control quarterly","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122667574","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Benefits of Virtual Queuing at Congested Airports Using ASDE-X: a Case Study of JFK Airport 使用ASDE-X在拥挤机场进行虚拟排队的好处:以JFK机场为例
Air traffic control quarterly Pub Date : 2012-07-01 DOI: 10.2514/ATCQ.20.3.225
Dipasis Bhadra, D. Knorr, B. Levy
{"title":"Benefits of Virtual Queuing at Congested Airports Using ASDE-X: a Case Study of JFK Airport","authors":"Dipasis Bhadra, D. Knorr, B. Levy","doi":"10.2514/ATCQ.20.3.225","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2514/ATCQ.20.3.225","url":null,"abstract":"ASDE-X is a runway safety system that fuses data from multiple sources to provide enhanced air traffic control situational awareness. These data may also be used to manage arrival and departure delay at congested airports. This paper demonstrates the potential for delay management by using departure data recorded by the ASDE-X system at JFK Airport before runway reconstruction in 2010 began. The paper lays out concepts, data, metrics, and a framework to estimate benefits from virtual queuing, a departure management system that allows the aircraft to maintain their rolling spots in the queue without physically joining the queue. While virtual queuing is relatively more common in Europe, its use in the US is limited. This analysis demonstrates that there may be significant benefit, even with most conservative assumptions, of using virtual queuing for departure management at congested airports. Environmental benefits of virtual queuing at JFK Airport are significant.","PeriodicalId":221205,"journal":{"name":"Air traffic control quarterly","volume":"141 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132200520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 17
Evaluation of Alternative Waypoint and Flight Plan Conventions for NextGen En Route Operations 下一代航路操作中可选航点和飞行计划约定的评估
Air traffic control quarterly Pub Date : 2012-07-01 DOI: 10.2514/ATCQ.20.3.253
K. Feigh, Brian Lee
{"title":"Evaluation of Alternative Waypoint and Flight Plan Conventions for NextGen En Route Operations","authors":"K. Feigh, Brian Lee","doi":"10.2514/ATCQ.20.3.253","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2514/ATCQ.20.3.253","url":null,"abstract":"This paper considers four alternative flight plan description conventions for use in the Next Generation Air Transportation (NextGen) program by airline dispatchers and compares each alternative against the current convention. The conventions included are: Fix and Route-based system (Fix/Route, i.e. the current convention), Geodetic Coordinates (GC), Navigation Reference System (NRS), Military Grid Reference System (MGRS), and Point Relation Navigation (PRN). Twenty-one airline dispatchers evaluated the conventions for ease of use, understanding, workload, and acceptability. The results identified the impact each convention had on participant performance, error commission, and user preference, on four tasks chosen to represent current dispatcher work practice. These tasks are more manual than those envisioned for future use, but would form the foundation for any fall-back operation. The study found that the existing Fix/Route convention had the best performance and lowest error rate and severity on the ma...","PeriodicalId":221205,"journal":{"name":"Air traffic control quarterly","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125005389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Traffic Flow Management Impact on Delay and Fuel Consumption: an Atlanta Case Study 交通流管理对延误和燃料消耗的影响:亚特兰大案例研究
Air traffic control quarterly Pub Date : 2012-07-01 DOI: 10.2514/ATCQ.20.3.203
S. Grabbe, B. Sridhar, A. Mukherjee, Alex Morando
{"title":"Traffic Flow Management Impact on Delay and Fuel Consumption: an Atlanta Case Study","authors":"S. Grabbe, B. Sridhar, A. Mukherjee, Alex Morando","doi":"10.2514/ATCQ.20.3.203","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2514/ATCQ.20.3.203","url":null,"abstract":"In 2010, the FAA investigated the use of a capability called a Traffic Management Advisor Flow Programs to control flights destined for capacity-limited airports. This study explores through fast-time simulations the impact of this new capability on Hartsfield-Jackson Atlanta International Airport arrival operations. The emphasis of this study is on examining the distribution of delays and emissions for flights included and exempted from this new capability. To determine the “best” flow rate to select when developing a Traffic Management Advisor Flow Program, a simulation-based approach is presented. This approach depends on the arrival demand, airport configuration, acceptance rate, and program goals. When the goal was to balance delays between flights included and exempt from the program, then a flow rate of 60 aircraft per hour was recommended. When the goal was to minimize overall system delays, however, then a flow rate that was 33% higher was recommended. Complementing the flow rate recommendation a...","PeriodicalId":221205,"journal":{"name":"Air traffic control quarterly","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122797408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
Validating airspaceAnalyzer Metrics for En Route ATC Sector Complexity 验证航路ATC扇区复杂性的空域分析仪指标
Air traffic control quarterly Pub Date : 2012-04-01 DOI: 10.2514/ATCQ.20.2.125
W. Niedringhaus
{"title":"Validating airspaceAnalyzer Metrics for En Route ATC Sector Complexity","authors":"W. Niedringhaus","doi":"10.2514/ATCQ.20.2.125","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2514/ATCQ.20.2.125","url":null,"abstract":"The MITRE Corporation’s Center for Advanced Aviation System Development (CAASD) has developed a tool, airspaceAnalyzer, to measure sector complexity. It does so by performing automated air traffic control—separating traffic while respecting aircraft performance and restrictions on altitude and miles-in-trail. It outputs a suite of raw metrics, derived from characteristics of these resolutions. We performed experiments first to calibrate, then to validate, the model.To define a “correct” value for sector complexity against which to calibrate and validate, we enlisted a team of experts (retired Certified Professional Controllers). The experts performed air traffic control for en route sectors in Indianapolis Center in a realistic simulation environment. They provided periodic assessments of the sector’s complexity on a scale from 1 (minimum) to 7 (maximum).We averaged the assessments of all participating experts at a particular time to define the correct answer for that time.We calibrated airspaceAnalyzer t...","PeriodicalId":221205,"journal":{"name":"Air traffic control quarterly","volume":"79 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125124632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Getting to the Point: A Safety Assessment of Arrival Operations in Terminal Airspace 直奔主题:航站楼空域到达操作的安全评估
Air traffic control quarterly Pub Date : 2012-04-01 DOI: 10.2514/ATCQ.20.2.143
D. Fowler
{"title":"Getting to the Point: A Safety Assessment of Arrival Operations in Terminal Airspace","authors":"D. Fowler","doi":"10.2514/ATCQ.20.2.143","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2514/ATCQ.20.2.143","url":null,"abstract":"The article entitled “2020 Foresight” in a recent edition of Air Traffic Control Quarterly [ATC Quarterly, 2011] explained why traditional approaches to safety assessment are inadequate for the major operational and technology changes that are planned for introduction into European Air Traffic Management (ATM) up to 2020 and beyond. The article showed that a broader approach is needed in order to address the positive contribution that a fully functioning ATM service makes to aviation safety (the new, “success” approach) and not just the negative effects that failures within the ATM system might have on the risk of an accident (the traditional “failure” approach). Now, in this article, the example of a new operational concept for arrival management in Terminal airspace, known as Point Merge, is used to detail how the broader approach to safety assessment, developed by EUROCONTROL, is being applied to projects typical of SESAR - the Single European Sky ATM Research programme (equivalent to the US NextGen pr...","PeriodicalId":221205,"journal":{"name":"Air traffic control quarterly","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133872814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
2020 Foresight--a Systems-Engineering Approach to Assessing the Safety of the SESAR Operational Concept 2020远见——评估SESAR操作概念安全性的系统工程方法
Air traffic control quarterly Pub Date : 2011-10-01 DOI: 10.2514/ATCQ.19.4.239
D. Fowler, E. Perrin, R. Pierce
{"title":"2020 Foresight--a Systems-Engineering Approach to Assessing the Safety of the SESAR Operational Concept","authors":"D. Fowler, E. Perrin, R. Pierce","doi":"10.2514/ATCQ.19.4.239","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2514/ATCQ.19.4.239","url":null,"abstract":"This article explains why a new approach is needed for the safety assessment of the major operational and technology changes that are planned for introduction into European ATM up to 2020 and beyond. This approach has to satisfy two conditions: first, it has to be much broader than that traditionally followed in ATM in that it must address the positive contribution that a fully functioning ATM service makes to aviation safety and not just consider the negative effects that failures within the ATM system might have on the risk of an accident. Secondly, rather than rely simply on current, process-based safety-assessments, it must be based on a framework which, in accordance with European safety regulatory requirements, requires that “correct and complete arguments be established to demonstrate that the overall ATM System, as well it constituent parts, are (and will remain) tolerably safe”. The article presents the theoretical basis for satisfying these two conditions – it explains from first principles how ...","PeriodicalId":221205,"journal":{"name":"Air traffic control quarterly","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129662145","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 13
Embedded Statistical Analysis and Selection Procedures in Air Traffic Simulations 空中交通模拟中的嵌入式统计分析和选择程序
Air traffic control quarterly Pub Date : 2011-10-01 DOI: 10.2514/ATCQ.19.4.269
Kirk C. Benson, A. Pritchett, D. Goldsman
{"title":"Embedded Statistical Analysis and Selection Procedures in Air Traffic Simulations","authors":"Kirk C. Benson, A. Pritchett, D. Goldsman","doi":"10.2514/ATCQ.19.4.269","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2514/ATCQ.19.4.269","url":null,"abstract":"Statistical analysis and adaptive sampling techniques can be embedded within existing air traffic simulations to provide several benefits. First, embedded statistical calculations can eliminate the need for extensive storage and post hoc processing of simulated outputs. Second, adaptive sampling can identify the number of observations required for rigorous statistical comparison, often dramatically reducing the number and duration of simulation runs from those predicted a priori by standard statistical techniques, which tend to be quite conservative. Third, these methods facilitate efficient distribution of simulator runs over a network of workstations without requiring parallelization of the simulation software.This paper describes three central components required for these benefits: (1) embedded statistical calculations; (2) adaptive statistical selection techniques; and (3) the server-client structure for a network of workstations in which individual workstations gather and report interim statistics a...","PeriodicalId":221205,"journal":{"name":"Air traffic control quarterly","volume":"60 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129351073","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
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