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Operational Evaluation of Traffic Management Advisor Using Statistical Performance Metrics and Simulation Approach 基于统计性能指标和仿真方法的交通管理顾问运行评价
Air traffic control quarterly Pub Date : 2006-10-01 DOI: 10.2514/ATCQ.14.4.311
Daniel A. Akinbodunse, O. Obah, Charles J. Kim
{"title":"Operational Evaluation of Traffic Management Advisor Using Statistical Performance Metrics and Simulation Approach","authors":"Daniel A. Akinbodunse, O. Obah, Charles J. Kim","doi":"10.2514/ATCQ.14.4.311","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2514/ATCQ.14.4.311","url":null,"abstract":"The Traffic Management Advisor (TMA) is an air traffic management automation tool designed to allow more aircraft to land during the peak arrival periods by increasing the airspace capacity and minimizing delay via better scheduling, spacing, sequencing, and runway allocation of arrival traffic. This paper evaluates the TMA’s operational performance at George Bush Intercontinental airport in Houston over three daily selected rush-hour periods in the pre- and post-TMA deployments, using both the conventional and newly proposed performance metrics. The performance metrics used for the statistical analysis include: flight distances flown during transition from en route to terminal airspace, runway arrival distributions, and airport arrival traffic distributions. The results obtained from the analysis show that TMA improves the characteristics of arrival air traffic by better runway balancing, improved airport arrival throughput, and more evenly distributed airport arrivals. In addition to the statistical ana...","PeriodicalId":221205,"journal":{"name":"Air traffic control quarterly","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127152809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Collision Risk Modeling in the Northern Pacific Airspace under Separation Reduction and Improvements in Navigational Performance 北太平洋空域在减少间隔和改进导航性能下的碰撞风险建模
Air traffic control quarterly Pub Date : 2006-10-01 DOI: 10.2514/ATCQ.14.4.257
Theresa Brewer-Dougherty, B. Colamosca, Christine Gerhardt-Falk, D. Livingston, Lauren Martin, Elsayed A. Elsayed, C. Schroepfer
{"title":"Collision Risk Modeling in the Northern Pacific Airspace under Separation Reduction and Improvements in Navigational Performance","authors":"Theresa Brewer-Dougherty, B. Colamosca, Christine Gerhardt-Falk, D. Livingston, Lauren Martin, Elsayed A. Elsayed, C. Schroepfer","doi":"10.2514/ATCQ.14.4.257","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2514/ATCQ.14.4.257","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we develop a collision risk model for the Northern Pacific airspace taking into consideration a reduction in separation standards, and enhancements in the navigational performance. New methods are proposed which consider pairwise interactions between aircraft, and a modified application of the Reich collision risk model is introduced. Simulation programs are developed and applied to various scenarios, and results including risk estimates are obtained. This study utilizes components of the Northern Pacific Airspace Cost Effectiveness (NPACE) Study, which uses simulated flight data to investigate the effects of future changes to the airspace. The risk assessment of the Northern Pacific airspace shows that by having more flights with RNP-4 designation and supported by careful management of airspace operations to reduce lateral navigational errors, the enhanced navigational accuracy results in lower lateral overlap probabilities, which lead to lower estimated risk in all scenarios. The research...","PeriodicalId":221205,"journal":{"name":"Air traffic control quarterly","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131597561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 5
Excess Flying Time in the National Airspace System 国家空域系统的超额飞行时间
Air traffic control quarterly Pub Date : 2006-10-01 DOI: 10.2514/ATCQ.14.4.283
J. DeArmon, G. Dorfman, G. Solomos, Michelle. J. Blucher, D. Knorr, Ho Yi
{"title":"Excess Flying Time in the National Airspace System","authors":"J. DeArmon, G. Dorfman, G. Solomos, Michelle. J. Blucher, D. Knorr, Ho Yi","doi":"10.2514/ATCQ.14.4.283","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2514/ATCQ.14.4.283","url":null,"abstract":"This article presents an assessment of the inefficiency of airborne aircraft traveling in the U.S. airspace. The authors define excess flying time for each flight examined and finds an average of 5.5 to 7.5 minutes per flight. Given the average cost of $45.30 per minute of flight, potential savings are great if inefficiencies in the air are eliminated. Topics outlined in the research include the mean excess flying time throughout the NAS as a pool of benefits. The analysis of the datasets is described, using Enhanced Traffic Management System data, filtered to include only flights whose origin and destination airports are both in the coterminous U.S. (CONUS). Selection of data is described, along with methods of calculation and adjustments for elements such as weather and wind. Additional study is needed on further understanding how weather affects excess flying time, the routes that are more efficient, identifying the airlines that are more efficient and attempting to isolate practices that contribute to those savings, determining if fluctuations occur and focusing on effects that NAS enhancements could have.","PeriodicalId":221205,"journal":{"name":"Air traffic control quarterly","volume":"53 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123863579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
Central East Pacific Flight Routing 中东太平洋航线
Air traffic control quarterly Pub Date : 2006-08-21 DOI: 10.2514/ATCQ.15.3.239
S. Grabbe, B. Sridhar, N. Cheng
{"title":"Central East Pacific Flight Routing","authors":"S. Grabbe, B. Sridhar, N. Cheng","doi":"10.2514/ATCQ.15.3.239","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2514/ATCQ.15.3.239","url":null,"abstract":"In this article the authors discuss possible advantages over user-preferred routing experienced by fixed Central East Pacific (CEP) routes for air traffic control (ATC) applications. Specifically, the authors assessed the time savings, fuel savings, and airspace complexity implications that might result in transitioning from structured CEP routes to user-preferred routes. A dynamic programming algorithm using wind-optimization and minimum travel-time was developed and tested using wind-optimal and nominal simulation routing for a period of five days. The complexity measures employed include two measures of time-varying airspace complexity, fuel savings, and time savings. Through the simulation testing, researchers found a high level of density variation. Correlations between wind-optimal routing and nominal routing were found with variations in flight density in time-varying complexity measures. Benefits from the proposed algorithm for this route include time savings of 4.8-9.9 minutes per flight and 192-347 kg fuel per flight.","PeriodicalId":221205,"journal":{"name":"Air traffic control quarterly","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128231120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 39
An Algorithmic Approach for Airspace Flow Programs 空域流动规划的一种算法方法
Air traffic control quarterly Pub Date : 2006-07-01 DOI: 10.2514/ATCQ.14.3.203
J. Krozel, Ray Jakobovits, S. Penny
{"title":"An Algorithmic Approach for Airspace Flow Programs","authors":"J. Krozel, Ray Jakobovits, S. Penny","doi":"10.2514/ATCQ.14.3.203","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2514/ATCQ.14.3.203","url":null,"abstract":"An Airspace Flow Program is a Traffic Flow Management (TFM) strategy for controlling the departure time and route selection of a set of aircraft constrained by en route airspace capacity constraints (e.g., weather). The concept extends current airport Ground Delay Program (GDP) and Flow Constrained Area (FCA) procedures. A routing and scheduling algorithm is presented that includes ground delay, route selection, and airborne holding as decision variables for departing and en route flights, and, like the current GDP resource allocation algorithm, aligns with a Collaborative Decision Making philosophy. A dynamic FCA capacity-estimation algorithm uses weather forecast information to produce time-varying entry and exit points as well as maximum flow rates through FCAs. Integration of these algorithms using a network representation of the National Airspace System enables assessment of the value of improved weather forecast accuracy and provides insights into the nature of robust TFM initiatives. Results are il...","PeriodicalId":221205,"journal":{"name":"Air traffic control quarterly","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127770811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 39
Comparison of Pilot and Automation Generated Lateral Conflict Resolutions 试验和自动化产生的横向冲突解决方案的比较
Air traffic control quarterly Pub Date : 2006-07-01 DOI: 10.2514/atcq.14.3.231
W. Johnson, K. Bilimoria, V. Battiste, L. Thomas, M. Liao, Hilda Q. Lee
{"title":"Comparison of Pilot and Automation Generated Lateral Conflict Resolutions","authors":"W. Johnson, K. Bilimoria, V. Battiste, L. Thomas, M. Liao, Hilda Q. Lee","doi":"10.2514/atcq.14.3.231","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2514/atcq.14.3.231","url":null,"abstract":"This study compares and contrasts lateral conflict resolutions generated by pilots (with and without a set of decision support tools), with those generated by a fully automated conflict resolution tool that generates optimal (smallest path deviation) resolutions. The conflict geometries investigated were all factorial combinations of three levels of Intruder aircraft speed, three levels of initial Ownship distance to closest approach, and nine conflict angles. The resolution decision support tools included dynamic conflict alerting, which indicated whether a proposed path was conflict free, and a dynamic predictor system that showed a fast time depiction of the proposed resolution trajectories. The automation-generated resolutions, computed using a geometric optimization algorithm, served as a benchmark against which the pilot-generated resolutions were compared. Without decision support tools the pilot-generated resolutions were often ineffective in providing the necessary separation, particularly at sma...","PeriodicalId":221205,"journal":{"name":"Air traffic control quarterly","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116023414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Benchmarking Airport Efficiency: An Application of Data Envelopment Analysis 基准机场效率:数据包络分析的应用
Air traffic control quarterly Pub Date : 2006-07-01 DOI: 10.2514/ATCQ.14.3.183
Tony Diana
{"title":"Benchmarking Airport Efficiency: An Application of Data Envelopment Analysis","authors":"Tony Diana","doi":"10.2514/ATCQ.14.3.183","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2514/ATCQ.14.3.183","url":null,"abstract":"This article presents a benchmarking methodology designed to help in evaluating the performance of airport operations. It describes how Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) was used to achieve an efficiency criterion by benchmarking 35 airports based on the percent of on-time gate arrivals. Regression analysis was then used to assess the impact of selected input variables on the likelihood of airport is efficiency. Results show that airport efficiency in terms of operations for the largest 35 airports has continued to decline from 2003 while airport delays and congestion have returned to the levels seen in 2000, when delays were at an all time high.","PeriodicalId":221205,"journal":{"name":"Air traffic control quarterly","volume":"115 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132722233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
Turn-Constrained Route Planning for Avoiding Hazardous Weather 避免恶劣天气的转弯约束路径规划
Air traffic control quarterly Pub Date : 2006-04-01 DOI: 10.2514/ATCQ.14.2.159
J. Krozel, Changkil Lee, Joseph S. B. Mitchell
{"title":"Turn-Constrained Route Planning for Avoiding Hazardous Weather","authors":"J. Krozel, Changkil Lee, Joseph S. B. Mitchell","doi":"10.2514/ATCQ.14.2.159","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2514/ATCQ.14.2.159","url":null,"abstract":"We investigate the problem of algorithmically synthesizing turn-constrained routes that minimize exposure to hazardous weather. Such a problem is suitable to air traffic management automation and aircraft flight management systems. Our algorithm synthesizes routes that aircraft may follow from a specified start to finish location. Example applications include synthesizing routes (1) from airport metering fix locations to runway final approach fixes, and (2) from sector boundary crossing locations to airport metering fix locations. The algorithm takes into account aircraft dynamics limits on velocity and acceleration, pilot and controller workload considerations (e.g., the number of turn maneuvers), and other constraints (e.g., utilizing arrival vs. departure corridors or avoiding special use airspace regions). The solution approach is based on searching in an appropriate discretization of a geometric model of the airspace using a dynamic programming algorithm for optimal paths having a bounded number of t...","PeriodicalId":221205,"journal":{"name":"Air traffic control quarterly","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114940457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 55
The Future Oceanic ATC Environment: Analysis of Mixed Communication, Navigation, and Surveillance Equipage 未来海洋ATC环境:混合通信、导航和监视设备的分析
Air traffic control quarterly Pub Date : 2006-04-01 DOI: 10.2514/ATCQ.14.2.117
L. Forest, R. Hansman
{"title":"The Future Oceanic ATC Environment: Analysis of Mixed Communication, Navigation, and Surveillance Equipage","authors":"L. Forest, R. Hansman","doi":"10.2514/ATCQ.14.2.117","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2514/ATCQ.14.2.117","url":null,"abstract":"Technical capabilities for significant improvements in communication, navigation, and surveillance (CNS) over the oceans are currently available through the use of satellites. However, all aircraft operators will not equip simultaneously because of the high costs required. Consequently, as these CNS systems are integrated into the oceanic air transportation architecture, the controller will have to manage a mixed equipage fleet. Also, planned reductions in separation minima are based on aircraft equipage, therefore oceanic controllers will need to apply a set of mixed separation standards. The cognitive effects of the mixed equipage environment were studied through field observations and experimental analysis. The results confirm that methods are needed to minimize human performance issues with integrating mixed CNS equipage, and ensure safety and efficiency in the mixed equipage environment.","PeriodicalId":221205,"journal":{"name":"Air traffic control quarterly","volume":"59 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123992052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 6
Modeling and Simulation of Air Traffic and Changes in the Northern Pacific Airspace: Investigation of the Effects on System Performance 北太平洋空域空中交通和变化的建模与仿真:对系统性能影响的研究
Air traffic control quarterly Pub Date : 2006-04-01 DOI: 10.2514/ATCQ.14.2.139
Theresa Brewer-Dougherty, B. Colamosca, Christine Gerhardt-Falk, D. Livingston, Lauren Martin, Elsayed A. Elsayed, C. Schroepfer
{"title":"Modeling and Simulation of Air Traffic and Changes in the Northern Pacific Airspace: Investigation of the Effects on System Performance","authors":"Theresa Brewer-Dougherty, B. Colamosca, Christine Gerhardt-Falk, D. Livingston, Lauren Martin, Elsayed A. Elsayed, C. Schroepfer","doi":"10.2514/ATCQ.14.2.139","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2514/ATCQ.14.2.139","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents the details of research with the purpose of investigating the effects of an RNP-based reduction in separation standards in the Northern Pacific airspace. This is accomplished through the development of a simulation model which consists of three distinct modules. Factors such as weather, traffic volume, minimum separation standards, and individual aircraft characteristics are considered in simulating air traffic crossing the Pacific Oceanic Airspace. Various scenarios reflecting possible future system changes are simulated for comparison, and results and analysis are presented. It is concluded that both increasing the percent of traffic to which reduced separation standards are applied and decreasing the longitudinal separation standard result in improvements in several key performance measures.","PeriodicalId":221205,"journal":{"name":"Air traffic control quarterly","volume":"220 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124351527","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
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