Si Jin Vanessa Lee , Ying Qi Goh , William Rojas-Carabali , Carlos Cifuentes-González , Carol Y. Cheung , Atul Arora , Alejandra de-la-Torre , Vishali Gupta , Rupesh Agrawal
{"title":"Association between retinal vessels caliber and systemic health: A comprehensive review","authors":"Si Jin Vanessa Lee , Ying Qi Goh , William Rojas-Carabali , Carlos Cifuentes-González , Carol Y. Cheung , Atul Arora , Alejandra de-la-Torre , Vishali Gupta , Rupesh Agrawal","doi":"10.1016/j.survophthal.2024.11.009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.survophthal.2024.11.009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The unique nature of the retinal microvasculature that permits non-invasive visualization has garnered interest as a potential method for detecting microvascular alterations indicative of systemic diseases. This concept, supported by advancements in imaging technologies, has been increasingly validated by studies linking retinal microvasculature with systemic conditions such as diabetes, hypertension, and cerebrovascular disease. Structural changes in the retinal microvasculature are associated with cardiovascular risk factors, metabolic diseases, and are significant predictors of systemic hypertensive damage and mortality. Given that most systemic diseases present life-long burdens and complications if undetected or untreated, the development of diagnostic tools like retinal vascular imaging becomes important for early detection, monitoring of disease progression, and facilitating timely interventions. Technological advancements have enabled objective and accurate quantification of retinal microvascular characteristics. We consolidate current literature on retinal vascular changes across various systemic health conditions, including metabolic diseases, cerebrovascular diseases, pregnancy complications, systemic inflammatory conditions, leukemia, human immunodeficiency virus infection, and COVID-19. We also emphasizes the need for dynamic parameters, an understanding of 3-dimensional vascular architecture, and larger-scale longitudinal studies to elucidate the temporal relationship between retinal vascular changes and systemic diseases, helping shape future diagnostic and monitoring approaches.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22102,"journal":{"name":"Survey of ophthalmology","volume":"70 2","pages":"Pages 184-199"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142669249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ikhwanuliman Putera , Rina La Distia Nora , Arlin Chyntia Dewi , Ditta Shabrina Suhada , Carlos Cifuentes-González , William Rojas-Carabali , Gazal Patnaik , Germán Mejia-Salgado , Ratna Sitompul , Lukman Edwar , Made Susiyanti , Yulia Aziza , Jyotirmay Biswas , Vishali Gupta , Alejandra de-la-Torre , Rupesh Agrawal
{"title":"Antiviral therapy for cytomegalovirus retinitis: A systematic review and meta-analysis","authors":"Ikhwanuliman Putera , Rina La Distia Nora , Arlin Chyntia Dewi , Ditta Shabrina Suhada , Carlos Cifuentes-González , William Rojas-Carabali , Gazal Patnaik , Germán Mejia-Salgado , Ratna Sitompul , Lukman Edwar , Made Susiyanti , Yulia Aziza , Jyotirmay Biswas , Vishali Gupta , Alejandra de-la-Torre , Rupesh Agrawal","doi":"10.1016/j.survophthal.2024.11.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.survophthal.2024.11.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cytomegalovirus retinitis (CMVR) is a significant cause of blindness in patients with advanced acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). There are no established guidelines for its treatment, resulting in varied antiviral approaches. We pooled data from 59 studies (4501 patients) to evaluate treatment variations and outcomes (CRD42022321088). Overall pooled estimates showed visual acuity improvement at 18 % (95 % CI: 7–41 %), inflammation resolution at 90 % (95 % CI: 81–95 %), retinal detachment at 11 % (95 % CI: 8–14 %), and recurrence at 19 % (95 % CI: 11–31 %). The main antiviral treatment approaches identified were: (1) intravenous antivirals alone in 33 studies, (2) intravitreal antivirals alone in 26 studies, (3) oral antivirals alone in 3 studies, and (4) a combination of systemic (oral or intravenous[IV]) and intravitreal antivirals in 7 studies, with varying schemes and durations. Ganciclovir was the predominant antiviral, with intravenous administration being the most reported (in 23 studies), followed by intravitreal administration (in 20 studies). While visual acuity improvement was comparable, inflammation resolution tended to be higher with intravitreal than with IV antivirals, though not statistically significant (88 %, 95 % CI: 69–96 % vs 75 %, 95 % CI: 35–94 %, p = 0.38). Retinitis progression rate for IV ganciclovir was lower than for those without ganciclovir. Inflammation recurrence was significantly lower in antiretroviral (ART)-treated compared to non-ART-treated HIV/AIDS patients (10 % (95 % CI: 4–20 %) vs 33 % (95 % CI: 19–50 %), p < 0.01). Neutropenia, particularly with ganciclovir, was the most reported adverse effect (up to 50 %).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22102,"journal":{"name":"Survey of ophthalmology","volume":"70 2","pages":"Pages 215-231"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142644705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Clara Rizzo, Maria Cristina Savastano, Raphael Kilian, Giorgio Marchini, Stanislao Rizzo
{"title":"Structural en face optical coherence tomography in neovascular and nonneovascularage-related macular degeneration: Use and utility in clinical practice.","authors":"Clara Rizzo, Maria Cristina Savastano, Raphael Kilian, Giorgio Marchini, Stanislao Rizzo","doi":"10.1016/j.survophthal.2024.11.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.survophthal.2024.11.003","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a leading cause of blindness and visual impairment worldwide. Structural en face optical coherence tomography (OCT) is an innovative imaging technology that has recently attracted interest because of its potential for assessing AMD features. We conducted a comprehensive review of its application in AMD. In neovascular AMD, structural en face OCT can detect exudative activity, monitor the neovascularization area, study the choroid in polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy, and visualize neovascular membranes in pigment epithelial detachments. Moreover, in nonneovascular AMD, this study provides details on geographic atrophy and drusen, the identification of intraretinal retinal pigment epithelium migration, and the detection of different patterns of outer retinal tubulations. Our study revealed that structural en face OCT can provide relevant information on patients with AMD.</p>","PeriodicalId":22102,"journal":{"name":"Survey of ophthalmology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142628718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Tariq Bhatti , Darron H. Fors , Irma Muminovic , Shira L. Robbins
{"title":"Heavy duty","authors":"M. Tariq Bhatti , Darron H. Fors , Irma Muminovic , Shira L. Robbins","doi":"10.1016/j.survophthal.2024.11.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.survophthal.2024.11.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A 54-year-old woman with myopia, hypothyroidism, and asthma presented with intermittent double vision. Serum was positive for anti-low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 4 (LRP4) antibodies suggesting the diagnosis of myasthenia gravis. There was no improvement with pyridostigmine, prednisone, or azathioprine. Over time her double vision became constant, and she was noted to have mild limitation of abduction in both eyes with an esotropia, left hypotropia, and excyclotorsion. Magnetic resonance imaging showed nasal displacement of the superior rectus and inferior rectus muscles, inferior displacement of the lateral rectus muscles and superotemporal globe prolapse consistent with heavy eye syndrome (HES). The differential diagnosis, clinical and radiological manifestations of HES are discussed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22102,"journal":{"name":"Survey of ophthalmology","volume":"70 2","pages":"Pages 352-355"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142628715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Maram EA Abdalla Elsayed , Beatrice Lander , Sirisha Senthil , Deepak P. Edward , Rizwan Malik
{"title":"The secondary childhood glaucomas","authors":"Maram EA Abdalla Elsayed , Beatrice Lander , Sirisha Senthil , Deepak P. Edward , Rizwan Malik","doi":"10.1016/j.survophthal.2024.10.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.survophthal.2024.10.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The secondary childhood glaucomas are a heterogenous group, often associated with other ocular or systemic abnormalities. These childhood glaucomas are distinct from primary childhood glaucomas, both in terms of their clinical features and their response to conventional treatment. Surgical management can be challenging in children with secondary glaucoma. On average, this group undergo more surgical procedures and revisions than those with primary congenital glaucoma. We provide a synopsis of secondary childhood glaucomas in terms of classification, clinical features, and management strategies, with emphasis on recent developments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22102,"journal":{"name":"Survey of ophthalmology","volume":"70 3","pages":"Pages 544-562"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142565199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Elham Sadeghi MD , Nicola Valsecchi MD , Elham Rahmanipour MD , Mahsa Ejlalidiz MD , Nasiq Hasan MD , Kiran Kumar Vupparaboina PhD , Mohammed Nasar Ibrahim PhD , Mohammed Abdul Rasheed , Jiwon Baek , Danilo Iannetta MD , Jay Chhablani MD
{"title":"Choroidal biomarkers in age-related macular degeneration","authors":"Elham Sadeghi MD , Nicola Valsecchi MD , Elham Rahmanipour MD , Mahsa Ejlalidiz MD , Nasiq Hasan MD , Kiran Kumar Vupparaboina PhD , Mohammed Nasar Ibrahim PhD , Mohammed Abdul Rasheed , Jiwon Baek , Danilo Iannetta MD , Jay Chhablani MD","doi":"10.1016/j.survophthal.2024.10.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.survophthal.2024.10.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of central visual impairment in the elderly. The exact pathophysiological mechanisms for AMD remain uncertain. Several studies suggest that choroidal abnormalities and alterations are critical in AMD progression. The transition from manual to automated segmentation and binarization techniques has resulted in accurate and precise measurements of different choroidal parameters. These qualitative and quantitative parameters, known as choroidal imaging biomarkers, have advanced from basic vertical subfoveal choroidal thickness to more intricate 3-dimensional choroidal reconstruction methods in the last decade. Therefore, a comprehensive evaluation of choroidal metrics may investigate valuable insights into AMD, potentially guiding the future development of customized therapeutic strategies and personalized patient care in AMD management. We describe the role of different choroidal biomarkers in evaluating patients with AMD and their contribution to management.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22102,"journal":{"name":"Survey of ophthalmology","volume":"70 2","pages":"Pages 167-183"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142475248","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Michael Albrecht, Gerd U. Auffarth, Maximilian Friedrich, Lucy J. Kessler, Ramin Khoramnia
{"title":"Vision degrading myodesopsia from vitreous floaters in the young: An important aspect of myopia","authors":"Michael Albrecht, Gerd U. Auffarth, Maximilian Friedrich, Lucy J. Kessler, Ramin Khoramnia","doi":"10.1016/j.survophthal.2024.10.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.survophthal.2024.10.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Vitreous floaters are visual phenomena resulting from floating opacities inside the eye that disturb vision. The opacities consist of microscopic collagen fibers that aggregate in myopia and during aging. These collagen fibers are then seen as irregular, sometimes worm-like shadows or structures of a translucent to black color. Because of the floating aspect, they tend to follow the movements of the eye, causing distress and having a negative impact on a patient’s quality of life due to degradation in contrast sensitivity function. This is referred to as vision degrading myodesopsia (VDM). The overall importance of floaters and their effect on quality of life gained attention in recent years. While the existence of floaters alone is labeled as harmless, there is an increasing group of young people suffering from VDM. This coincides with the growing prevalence of myopia. Indeed, myopia and myopic vitreopathy are the major causes of VDM in the young. This aspect of myopia, however, is often overlooked. We review the current research status in floater formation, quality of life impact, symptom assessment, localization and therapeutic options for vitreous floaters from the perspective of a myopic, potentially younger patient group.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22102,"journal":{"name":"Survey of ophthalmology","volume":"70 2","pages":"Pages 265-282"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142475251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Meta-analysis of treatment outcomes for patients with m.11778G>A MT-ND4 Leber hereditary optic neuropathy","authors":"Nancy J. Newman MD , Valérie Biousse MD , Patrick Yu-Wai-Man MD, PhD , Valerio Carelli MD, PhD , Catherine Vignal-Clermont MD , François Montestruc MSc , Magali Taiel MD , José-Alain Sahel MD, PhD","doi":"10.1016/j.survophthal.2024.10.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.survophthal.2024.10.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Our aim was to assess the visual outcomes of patients with Leber hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) harboring the m.11778G>A <em>MT-ND4</em> mutation who had no treatment (natural history) or received idebenone or lenadogene nolparvovec. Efficacy outcomes included clinically relevant recovery (CRR) from nadir and final best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA). For the natural history and idebenone groups, we performed a systematic review of the literature and available clinical/regulatory reports. For the lenadogene nolparvovec group, all data from phase 3 studies were included. The overall effect and its 95 % confidence interval (CI) were estimated using a random effects model. For each meta-analysis, patients had a mean age of approximately 30 years at vision loss and were mostly (≥78 %) men. The CRR from nadir [95 % CI] at eye level was 17 % [7 %; 30 %] (n=316 eyes), 31 % [24 %; 40 %] (n=313) and 59 % [54 %; 64 %] (n=348) in untreated, idebenone-treated and lenadogene nolparvovec-treated patients, respectively. This gradient of efficacy was also observed with CRR at the patient level and final BCVA. There was a gradient of efficacy in all assessed visual outcomes, more marked for CRR than for final BCVA, with lenadogene nolparvovec gene therapy superior to idebenone treatment, and both superior to the natural history of the disease.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22102,"journal":{"name":"Survey of ophthalmology","volume":"70 2","pages":"Pages 283-295"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142475249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Pediatric keratoconus","authors":"Yogita Gupta , Chandradevi Shanmugam , Priyadarshini K , Sohini Mandal , Radhika Tandon , Namrata Sharma","doi":"10.1016/j.survophthal.2024.10.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.survophthal.2024.10.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Keratoconus is a common pediatric corneal disease, leading to vision impairment and amblyopia. Compared to its adult counterpart, pediatric keratoconus has an advanced presentation, rapid progression, higher incidence of complications such as corneal hydrops, and greater potential impact on the quality of life. It typically manifests during puberty and can evolve rapidly to more severe stages if left untreated. This rapid progression underscores the importance of early diagnosis through regular screening in pediatric populations and vigilant monitoring of pediatric keratoconus suspects. Concomitant ocular allergies, ocular anomalies, systemic diseases (e.g. syndromes), and poor compliance with contact lenses might impede prompt intervention and frequently postpone rehabilitation. Corneal collagen crosslinking is a crucial intervention in the management of pediatric keratoconus because it strengthens the corneal microstructure and halts the disease progression. When conservative measures fail, keratoplasty remains a viable option with generally favorable outcomes, though with unique challenges in post-operative care, including concerns related to sutures, long-term graft survival and need for repeated examinations under anesthesia. A multidisciplinary approach involving ophthalmologists, optometrists, pediatricians, and other healthcare professionals, focusing on early diagnosis and timely intervention, is essential for the comprehensive management of pediatric keratoconus and to mitigate its impact on children's lives.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22102,"journal":{"name":"Survey of ophthalmology","volume":"70 2","pages":"Pages 296-330"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142475250","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Erlend Hoven MD , John-Thomas Michelet MD , Mario V. Vettore PhD , Neil Lagali PhD
{"title":"Choroidal thickness after anti-vascular endothelial growth factor in typical neovascular age-related macular degeneration – A systematic review and meta-analysis","authors":"Erlend Hoven MD , John-Thomas Michelet MD , Mario V. Vettore PhD , Neil Lagali PhD","doi":"10.1016/j.survophthal.2024.09.011","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.survophthal.2024.09.011","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is one of the leading causes of blindness in the world and anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) injections have been the standard of care for the wet/neovascular variant since 2004. Currently, there are conflicting reports regarding its effect on the choroid, which supplies outer retina with oxygen and other nutrients. We synthesize available information of anti-VEGF on choroidal thickness (CT) in treatment-naïve typical neovascular AMD patients during the initial 12-week loading phase. We found 43 studies involving 1901 eyes from 1878 patients were included. Meta-analysis of 35 studies reporting CT at baseline and after 12 weeks suggested a significant decrease in CT with anti-VEGF treatment. A greater mean change with aflibercept compared to ranibizumab was found in subgroup analyses of sub-foveal CT in types 1 and 2 macular neovascularization. The long-term consequences of reduced CT in neovascular AMD remain unclear and require further targeted studies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22102,"journal":{"name":"Survey of ophthalmology","volume":"70 1","pages":"Pages 86-95"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142393523","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}