{"title":"Applications of artificial intelligence in diagnosis of uncommon cystoid macular edema using optical coherence tomography imaging: A systematic review","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.survophthal.2024.06.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.survophthal.2024.06.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Cystoid macular edema (CME) is a sight-threatening condition often associated with inflammatory and diabetic diseases. Early detection is crucial to prevent irreversible vision loss. Artificial intelligence (AI) has shown promise in automating CME diagnosis through optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging, but its utility needs critical evaluation. This systematic review assesses the application of AI to diagnosis CME, specifically focusing on disorders like postoperative CME (Irvine Gass syndrome) and retinitis pigmentosa without obvious vasculopathy, using OCT imaging. A comprehensive search was conducted across 6 databases (PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Wiley, ScienceDirect, and IEEE) from 2018 to November, 2023. Twenty-three articles met the inclusion criteria and were selected for in-depth analysis. We evaluate AI's role in CME diagnosis and its performance in “detection”, “classification”, and “segmentation” of OCT retinal images. We found that convolutional neural network (CNN)-based methods consistently outperformed other machine learning techniques, achieving an average accuracy of over 96 % in detecting and identifying CME from OCT images. Despite certain limitations such as dataset size and ethical concerns, the synergy between AI and OCT, particularly through CNNs, holds promise for significantly advancing CME diagnostics.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":22102,"journal":{"name":"Survey of ophthalmology","volume":"69 6","pages":"Pages 937-944"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2024-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0039625724000730/pdfft?md5=6ea55528589d75249db0494f68fee5e8&pid=1-s2.0-S0039625724000730-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141470866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Multimodal imaging in diabetic retinopathy and macular edema: An update about biomarkers","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.survophthal.2024.06.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.survophthal.2024.06.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>Diabetic macular edema (DME), defined as retinal thickening near, or involving the fovea caused by fluid accumulation in the retina, can lead to </span>vision impairment<span><span><span><span> and blindness<span> in patients with diabetes. Current knowledge of retina anatomy and function and DME </span></span>pathophysiology<span> has taken great advantage of the availability of several techniques for visualizing the retina. Combining these techniques in a multimodal imaging approach to DME is recommended to improve diagnosis and to guide treatment decisions. We review the recent literature about the following </span></span>retinal imaging<span><span> technologies: optical coherence tomography (OCT), OCT </span>angiography (OCTA), wide-field and ultrawide-field techniques applied to </span></span>fundus photography<span>, fluorescein angiography<span><span>, and OCTA. The emphasis will be on characteristic DME features identified by these imaging technologies and their potential or established role as diagnostic, prognostic, or predictive biomarkers. The role of artificial intelligence in the assessment and interpretation of </span>retina images is also discussed.</span></span></span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":22102,"journal":{"name":"Survey of ophthalmology","volume":"69 6","pages":"Pages 893-904"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2024-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141470867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A journey through the world of vitreous","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.survophthal.2024.06.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.survophthal.2024.06.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Vitreous, one of the largest components of the human eye, mostly contains water. Despite decades of studying the vitreous structure, numerous unanswered questions still remain, fueling ongoing active research. We attempt to provide a comprehensive overview of the current understanding of the development, morphology, biochemical composition, and function of the vitreous. We emphasize the impact of the vitreous structure and composition on the distribution of drugs. Fast-developing imaging technologies, such as modern optical coherence tomography, unlocked multiple new approaches, offering the potential for <em>in vivo</em> study of the vitreous structure. They allowed to analyze <em>in vivo</em> a range of vitreous structures, such as posterior precortical vitreous pockets, Cloquet canal, channels that interconnect them, perivascular vitreous fissures, and cisterns. We provide an overview of such imaging techniques and their principles and of some challenges in visualizing vitreous structures. Finally, we explores the potential of combining the latest technologies and machine learning to enhance our understanding of vitreous structures.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":22102,"journal":{"name":"Survey of ophthalmology","volume":"69 6","pages":"Pages 957-966"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2024-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0039625724000705/pdfft?md5=0b104d701bf1b0d59cdb60e9360bcfa8&pid=1-s2.0-S0039625724000705-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141390800","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Corrigendum to “Fibrosis in neovascular age-related macular degeneration: a review of definitions based on clinical imaging” [Surv Ophthalmol 68 (2023) 835–848/5]","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.survophthal.2023.10.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.survophthal.2023.10.007","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":22102,"journal":{"name":"Survey of ophthalmology","volume":"69 6","pages":"Page 990"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2024-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0039625723001376/pdfft?md5=9cf44f5cbc32c5f21ead6b8331306bb6&pid=1-s2.0-S0039625723001376-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141176311","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Not everything is ischemic optic neuropathy","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.survophthal.2024.05.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.survophthal.2024.05.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A 71-year-old woman developed sudden, painful, decreased vision in the left eye accompanied by progressive instability. Initial examination revealed left optic disc edema, and macular optical coherence tomography confirmed the presence of intraretinal and subretinal fluid, as well as hyperreflective material under the retinal pigment epithelium. Subsequent investigations, including brain magnetic resonance imaging and a comprehensive serological analysis, ruled out infectious and autoimmune causes, further complicating the diagnostic picture. The patient's vision in both eyes continued to deteriorate, prompting empirical corticosteroid treatment. While the vision improved, the case took an unexpected turn with worsening neurological symptoms. Ultimately a brain biopsy was consistent with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":22102,"journal":{"name":"Survey of ophthalmology","volume":"69 6","pages":"Pages 984-989"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2024-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0039625724000547/pdfft?md5=1a336f54537ba049676c5e4767c7695a&pid=1-s2.0-S0039625724000547-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141142993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ethan Waisberg, Joshua Ong, Sharif Amit Kamran, Mouayad Masalkhi, Phani Paladugu, Nasif Zaman, Andrew G Lee, Alireza Tavakkoli
{"title":"Generative artificial intelligence in ophthalmology.","authors":"Ethan Waisberg, Joshua Ong, Sharif Amit Kamran, Mouayad Masalkhi, Phani Paladugu, Nasif Zaman, Andrew G Lee, Alireza Tavakkoli","doi":"10.1016/j.survophthal.2024.04.009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.survophthal.2024.04.009","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Generative artificial intelligence (AI) has revolutionized medicine over the past several years. A generative adversarial network (GAN) is a deep learning framework that has become a powerful technique in medicine, particularly in ophthalmology for image analysis. In this paper we review the current ophthalmic literature involving GANs, and highlight key contributions in the field. We briefly touch on ChatGPT, another application of generative AI, and its potential in ophthalmology. We also explore the potential uses for GANs in ocular imaging, with a specific emphasis on 3 primary domains: image enhancement, disease identification, and generating of synthetic data. PubMed, Ovid MEDLINE, Google Scholar were searched from inception to October 30, 2022, to identify applications of GAN in ophthalmology. A total of 40 papers were included in this review. We cover various applications of GANs in ophthalmic-related imaging including optical coherence tomography, orbital magnetic resonance imaging, fundus photography, and ultrasound; however, we also highlight several challenges that resulted in the generation of inaccurate and atypical results during certain iterations. Finally, we examine future directions and considerations for generative AI in ophthalmology.</p>","PeriodicalId":22102,"journal":{"name":"Survey of ophthalmology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2024-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140958419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Denial.","authors":"M. Tariq Bhatti, Jennifer R Long, Andrew R Carey","doi":"10.1016/j.survophthal.2024.05.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.survophthal.2024.05.003","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A 51-year-old man presented with decreased vision, fever, confusion, headaches, agitation, nausea, vomiting and diarrhea. Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain demonstrated bilateral T2 hyperintense lesions in the region of the mesial temporal lobe and optic radiations. There was a predominantly polymorphonuclear leukocyte pleocytosis in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) with hyperproteinorachia. A meningoencephalitis was diagnosed. Intravenous fluorescein angiography (IVFA) demonstrated a multifocal chorioretinitis that was in a linear pattern in the left eye. CSF enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was positive for West Nile virus (WNV) IgM. We review the clinical manifestations of WNV disease and highlight the value of IVFA in determining the diagnosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":22102,"journal":{"name":"Survey of ophthalmology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2024-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140944389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Chaerim Kang , Matthew J. Lee BA , Amy Chomsky MD , Thomas A. Oetting MS, MD , Paul B. Greenberg MD, MPH
{"title":"Risk factors for complications in resident-performed cataract surgery: A systematic review","authors":"Chaerim Kang , Matthew J. Lee BA , Amy Chomsky MD , Thomas A. Oetting MS, MD , Paul B. Greenberg MD, MPH","doi":"10.1016/j.survophthal.2024.04.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.survophthal.2024.04.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We assessed risk factors for complications associated with resident-performed cataract surgery. Using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines, we searched 4databases in September, 2023. We included peer-reviewed, full-text, English-language articles assessing risk factors for complications in resident performed cataract surgery. We excluded studies describing cataract surgeries performed by fellows, combined surgeries, and studies with insufficient information. Our initial search yielded 6244 articles; 15 articles were included after title/abstract and full-text review. Patient-related risk factors included older age, hypertension, prior vitrectomy, zonular pathology, pseudoexfoliation, poor preoperative visual acuity, small pupils, and selected types of cataracts. Surgeon-related risk factors included resident postgraduate year and surgeon right-handedness. Other risk factors included absence of supervision, long phacoemulsification time, and phacoemulsification with high power and torsion. The quality of the studies was assessed using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation; most studies graded as moderate, primarily due to risk of bias. When assigning cases to residents, graduate medical educators should consider general and resident-specific risk factors to facilitate teaching and preserve patient safety.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":22102,"journal":{"name":"Survey of ophthalmology","volume":"69 4","pages":"Pages 638-645"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2024-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140793251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mohammad Amin Salehi , Negin Frounchi , Seyed Sina Zakavi , Soheil Mohammadi , Hamid Harandi , Shayan Shojaei , Mahdi Gouravani , J. Fernando Arevalo
{"title":"Retinal and choroidal changes after anti-VEGF therapy in neovascular-AMD patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis of SD-OCT studies","authors":"Mohammad Amin Salehi , Negin Frounchi , Seyed Sina Zakavi , Soheil Mohammadi , Hamid Harandi , Shayan Shojaei , Mahdi Gouravani , J. Fernando Arevalo","doi":"10.1016/j.survophthal.2024.04.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.survophthal.2024.04.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>In recent years, the progress made in the field of optical coherence tomography has helped to understand the changes in eye layers in patients with exudative age-related macular degeneration (nAMD). Early diagnosis of nAMD, a leading cause of irreversible vision impairment, is helpful. Therefore, we performed a meta-analysis on OCT measurement alterations before and after anti-VEGF therapy in patients with nAMD and controls.</p></div><div><h3>Method</h3><p>We systematically searched Scopus, PubMed, Cochrane, and Web of Science to find articles that measured choroidal and retinal layer changes after anti-VEGF therapy in nAMD Patients. We chose either a fixed-effects or random-effects model based on the assessed heterogeneity level to perform a meta-analysis. In addition, we conducted meta-regression, subgroup analyses, publication bias, and quality assessment for included studies.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Thirteen studies were included in the meta-analysis, with 733 total participants. Foveal thickness and subfoveal choroidal thickness (CT) decreased significantly in the first 3 years after injections, except for subfoveal CT in the third year after injection. It also showed that CT at 1500 µm temporal and nasal to the fovea did not significantly change.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Our results showed anti-VEGF treatment for nAMD patients was associated with a significant reduction in foveal thickness and subfoveal CT in the first 2 years after treatment. Our analysis did not reveal any correlation between changes in foveal thickness and subfoveal CT with best-corrected visual acuity or other factors.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":22102,"journal":{"name":"Survey of ophthalmology","volume":"69 4","pages":"Pages 547-557"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2024-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140761066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Advances in management strategies for large and persistent macular hole: An update","authors":"Helin Arda , Mathias Maier , Maximilian Schultheiß , Christos Haritoglou","doi":"10.1016/j.survophthal.2024.03.010","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.survophthal.2024.03.010","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The standard of care to treat small- and medium-sized macular holes (<400 µm diameter) consists of a conventional transconjunctival sutureless pars plana vitrectomy followed by ILM peeling and endotamponade, mainly with gas or in some cases with silicone oil, resulting in closure rates of over 90% and good functional results. Large (>400 µm diameter), chronic and persistent macular holes remain a surgical challenge since closure rates and functional results decrease with larger macular hole diameters. Various modifications of the conventional surgical technique were introduced to improve anatomic and functional success in refractory cases not suitable for conventional macular hole surgery. These techniques comprise the positioning of tissue at the top of the hole to improve closure as performed by an inner limiting membrane flap and free flap preparation or the transplantation of autologous retinal tissue, lens capsule or amniotic membrane. For the treatment of very large and persistent macular holes, the induction of a localized retinal detachment at the posterior pole by subretinal injection of balanced salt solution and a subsequent attenuation of the rim of the hole during fluid-air exchange has been suggested as a promising surgical technique. In particular, accurate patient education about the expected surgical outcome in this specific group of patients appears important.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":22102,"journal":{"name":"Survey of ophthalmology","volume":"69 4","pages":"Pages 539-546"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2024-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140327187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}