ACS NanoPub Date : 2024-12-20DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.4c11753
HoYeon Kim, Kyuho Lee, Guangtao Zan, EunAe Shin, Woojoong Kim, Kaiying Zhao, Gyumin Jang, Jooho Moon, Cheolmin Park
{"title":"Chiroptical Synaptic Perovskite Memristor as Reconfigurable Physical Unclonable Functions","authors":"HoYeon Kim, Kyuho Lee, Guangtao Zan, EunAe Shin, Woojoong Kim, Kaiying Zhao, Gyumin Jang, Jooho Moon, Cheolmin Park","doi":"10.1021/acsnano.4c11753","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.4c11753","url":null,"abstract":"Physical unclonable functions (PUFs), often referred to as digital fingerprints, are emerging as critical elements in enhancing hardware security and encryption. While significant progress has been made in developing optical and memory-based PUFs, integrating reconfigurability with sensitivity to circularly polarized light (CPL) remains largely unexplored. Here, we present a chiroptical synaptic memristor (CSM) as a reconfigurable PUF, leveraging a two-dimensional organic–inorganic halide chiral perovskite. The device combines CPL sensitivity with photoresponsive electrical behavior, enabling its application in optoneuromorphic systems, as demonstrated by its ability to perform image categorization tasks within neuromorphic computing. Furthermore, by leveraging a 10 × 10 crossbar array of the CSMs, we develop a PUF capable of generating reconfigurable cryptographic keys based on the combination of neuromorphic potentiation and polarized light conditions. This work demonstrates an integrated approach to optoneuromorphic functionality, data storage, and encryption, providing an alternative approach for reconfigurable memristor-based PUFs.","PeriodicalId":21,"journal":{"name":"ACS Nano","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":17.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142867540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ACS NanoPub Date : 2024-12-19DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.4c12965
Yoon-Ho Hwang, Sarah J. Shepherd, Dongyoon Kim, Alvin J. Mukalel, Michael J. Mitchell, David A. Issadore, Daeyeon Lee
{"title":"Robust, Scalable Microfluidic Manufacturing of RNA–Lipid Nanoparticles Using Immobilized Antifouling Lubricant Coating","authors":"Yoon-Ho Hwang, Sarah J. Shepherd, Dongyoon Kim, Alvin J. Mukalel, Michael J. Mitchell, David A. Issadore, Daeyeon Lee","doi":"10.1021/acsnano.4c12965","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.4c12965","url":null,"abstract":"Despite the numerous advantages demonstrated by microfluidic mixing for RNA-loaded lipid nanoparticle (RNA-LNP) production over bulk methods, such as precise size control, homogeneous distributions, higher encapsulation efficiencies, and improved reproducibility, their translation from research to commercial manufacturing remains elusive. A persistent challenge hindering the adoption of microfluidics for LNP production is the fouling of device surfaces during prolonged operation, which significantly diminishes performance and reliability. The complexity of LNP constituents, including lipids, cholesterol, RNA, and solvent mixtures, makes it difficult to find a single coating that can prevent fouling. To address this challenge, we propose using an immobilized liquid lubricant layer of perfluorodecalin (PFD) to create an antifouling surface that can repel the multiple LNP constituents. We apply this technology to a staggered herringbone microfluidic (SHM) mixing chip and achieve >3 h of stable operation, a >15× increase relative to gold standard approaches. We also demonstrate the compatibility of this approach with a parallelized microfluidic platform that incorporates 256 SHM mixers, with which we demonstrate scale up, stable production at L/h production rates suitable for commercial scale applications. We verify that the LNPs produced on our chip match both the physiochemical properties and performance for both <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i> mRNA delivery as those made on chips without the coating. By suppressing surface fouling with an immobilized liquid lubricant layer, this technology not only enhances RNA-LNP production but also promises to transform the microfluidic manufacturing of diverse materials, ensuring more reliable and robust processes.","PeriodicalId":21,"journal":{"name":"ACS Nano","volume":"75 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":17.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142857764","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ACS NanoPub Date : 2024-12-19DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.4c15025
Xiaojing Wang, Yiming Xu, Siyuan Xiang, Shengyang Tao, Wendong Liu
{"title":"Hydrogel-Assisted Robust Supraparticles Evolved from Droplet Evaporation","authors":"Xiaojing Wang, Yiming Xu, Siyuan Xiang, Shengyang Tao, Wendong Liu","doi":"10.1021/acsnano.4c15025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.4c15025","url":null,"abstract":"Supraparticles, formed through the self-assembly of nanoparticles, are promising contenders in catalysis, sensing, and drug delivery due to their exceptional specific surface area and porosity. However, their mechanical resilience, especially in dimensions spanning micrometers and beyond, is challenged by the inherently weak interactions among their constituent building blocks, significantly constraining their broad applicability. Here, we have exploited a robust supraparticle fabrication strategy by integrating hydrogel components into the assembly system and evaporating on the superamphiphobic surface. The resultant SiO<sub>2</sub>/SA (sodium alginate) supraparticles, achieved by evaporating a 15% volume fraction dispersion of SiO<sub>2</sub> nanoparticles containing 18.46 mg/mL of sodium alginate and subsequently cross-linking with Ca<sup>2+</sup>, demonstrate mechanical robustness with a fracture force of 6.04 N, representing a mechanical strength enhancement of 60 times higher than that prior to the incorporation of the hydrogel component. The supraparticles maintain their original morphology after 30 min of ultrasonic treatment (200 W), demonstrating mechanical stability. This method exhibits generalizability, enabling the customization of supraparticles with various building blocks and hydrogel backbone materials. Based on such a methodology, we have synthesized enzyme-carrying supraparticles, further expanding the potential applications in intricate cascade reactions. The encapsulated glucose oxidase and horseradish peroxidase maintained their inherent reactivity, and such hydrogel-assisted robust supraparticles exhibited exceptional performance in accurate glucose assays, indicating great practical application in biocatalysis.","PeriodicalId":21,"journal":{"name":"ACS Nano","volume":"186 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":17.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142849596","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ACS NanoPub Date : 2024-12-19DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.4c12436
Tongtong Zhang, Fuqiang Sun, Yaorong Wang, Yingchi Li, Jing Wang, Zhongqiang Wang, Kwai Hei Li, Ye Zhu, Qi Wang, Lei Shao, Ngai Wong, Dangyuan Lei, Yuan Lin, Zhiqin Chu
{"title":"Scalable Reshaping of Diamond Particles via Programmable Nanosculpting","authors":"Tongtong Zhang, Fuqiang Sun, Yaorong Wang, Yingchi Li, Jing Wang, Zhongqiang Wang, Kwai Hei Li, Ye Zhu, Qi Wang, Lei Shao, Ngai Wong, Dangyuan Lei, Yuan Lin, Zhiqin Chu","doi":"10.1021/acsnano.4c12436","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.4c12436","url":null,"abstract":"Diamond particles have many interesting properties and possible applications. However, producing diamond particles with well-defined shapes on a large scale is challenging because diamonds are chemically inert and extremely hard. Here, we show that air oxidation, a routine method for purifying diamonds, can be used to precisely shape diamond particles at scale. By exploiting the distinct reactivities of different crystal facets and defects inside the diamond, layer-by-layer outward-to-inward and inward-to-outward oxidation produced diverse diamond shapes including spheres, twisted surfaces, pyramidal islands, inverted pyramids, nanoflowers, and porous polygons. The nanosculpted diamonds had more and finer features that enabled them to outperform the original raw diamonds in various applications. Using experimental observations and Monte Carlo simulations, we built a shape library that guides the design and fabrication of diamond particles with well-defined features that could be critical for anticounterfeiting, optical, and other practical applications. Our study presents a simple, economical, and scalable way to produce shape-customized diamonds for various potential technologies.","PeriodicalId":21,"journal":{"name":"ACS Nano","volume":"79 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":17.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142849370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ACS NanoPub Date : 2024-12-19DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.4c14555
Qinghao Zhou, Guopu Huang, Jiale Si, Youshen Wu, Shangbin Jin, Yuanyuan Ji, Zhishen Ge
{"title":"Potent Covalent Organic Framework Nanophotosensitizers with Staggered Type I/II Motifs for Photodynamic Immunotherapy of Hypoxic Tumors","authors":"Qinghao Zhou, Guopu Huang, Jiale Si, Youshen Wu, Shangbin Jin, Yuanyuan Ji, Zhishen Ge","doi":"10.1021/acsnano.4c14555","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.4c14555","url":null,"abstract":"Photodynamic therapy (PDT) using oxygen-dependent type II photosensitizers is frequently limited by the hypoxic microenvironment of solid tumors. Type I photosensitizers show oxygen-independent reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation upon light irradiation but still face the challenges of aggregation-caused quenching (ACQ) and low efficiency to produce ROS. Herein, we first prepare an efficient type I photosensitizer from a perylene derivative via intramolecular donor–acceptor binding and sulfur substitution, which significantly enhance intersystem crossing between singlet and triplet states and electron transfer capability. After reaction with a type II photosensitizer, the covalent organic framework (COF) nanophotosensitizer is formed with alternated type I and II photosensitizer motifs in the same layer and staggered AB stacking between layers to avoid ACQ. The nanophotosensitizer exhibits high-efficiency generation of singlet oxygen (<sup>1</sup>O<sub>2</sub>) and superoxide anion radicals (O<sub>2</sub><sup>•–</sup>) via type I and II mechanism under normoxia upon exposure to light irradiation. Under hypoxia, massive O<sub>2</sub><sup>•–</sup> can be produced continuously. The potent ROS generation capability results in efficient cellular apoptosis and immunogenic cell death (ICD) efficiently. After combination with immune checkpoint inhibitors, tumor immunosuppressive microenvironment is reversed, which effectively ablates bulky hypoxic primary tumors and suppresses metastases via photodynamic immunotherapy. The COF nanophotosensitizers with staggered type I and II photosensitizer motifs represent a promising strategy to boost photodynamic immunotherapy of hypoxic tumors.","PeriodicalId":21,"journal":{"name":"ACS Nano","volume":"38 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":17.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142849594","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ACS NanoPub Date : 2024-12-19DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.4c08846
Maximilian Jaugstetter, Xiao Qi, Emory M. Chan, Miquel Salmeron, Kevin R. Wilson, Slavomír Nemšák, Hendrik Bluhm
{"title":"Direct Observation of Morphological and Chemical Changes during the Oxidation of Model Inorganic Ligand-Capped Particles","authors":"Maximilian Jaugstetter, Xiao Qi, Emory M. Chan, Miquel Salmeron, Kevin R. Wilson, Slavomír Nemšák, Hendrik Bluhm","doi":"10.1021/acsnano.4c08846","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.4c08846","url":null,"abstract":"Functionalization and volatilization are competing reactions during the oxidation of carbonaceous materials and are important processes in many different areas of science and technology. Here, we present a combined ambient pressure X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (APXPS) and grazing incidence X-ray scattering (GIXS) investigation of the oxidation of oleic acid ligands surrounding NaYF<sub>4</sub> nanoparticles (NPs) deposited onto SiO<sub><i>x</i></sub>/Si substrates. While APXPS monitors the evolution of the oxidation products, GIXS provides insight into the morphology of the ligands and particles before and after the oxidation. Our investigation shows that the oxidation of the oleic acid ligands proceeds at O<sub>2</sub> partial pressures of below 1 mbar in the presence of X-rays, with the oxidation eventually reaching a steady state in which mainly CH<sub><i>x</i></sub> and –COOH functional groups are observed. The scattering data reveal that the oxidation and volatilization reaction proceeds preferentially on the side of the particle facing the gas phase, leading to the formation of a chemically and morphologically asymmetric ligand layer. This comprehensive picture of the oxidation process could be obtained only by combining the X-ray scattering and APXPS data. The investigation presented here lays the foundation for further studies of the stability of NP layers in the presence of reactive trace gases and ionizing radiation and for other nanoscale systems where chemical and morphological changes happen simultaneously and cannot be understood in isolation.","PeriodicalId":21,"journal":{"name":"ACS Nano","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":17.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142858081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Trace Metal Impurities Induce Differences in Lithium-Sulfur Batteries.","authors":"Mengyao Li, Junwei Han, Qiuchen Song, Huan Li, Linkai Peng, Yufei Zhao, Yun Cao, Wei Lv","doi":"10.1021/acsnano.4c14181","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.4c14181","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) with exceptional conductivity have been widely adopted in lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries. While trace metal impurities in CNTs have demonstrated electrocatalytic activity in various catalytic processes, their influence on sulfur electrocatalysis in Li-S batteries has been largely overlooked. Herein, we reveal that the trace metal impurities content in CNTs significantly improves the specific capacity and cycling performance of Li-S batteries by analyzing both our own results and previous literature with CNTs as the sulfur hosts. Even under lean electrolyte conditions (E/S ratio of 5 μL mg<sub>s</sub><sup>-1</sup>), we demonstrate that a small content of metal impurities in CNTs (∼2 wt %) could account for a 14.3% increase in specific capacity and a 14.1% increase in capacity retention under a high sulfur loading of 3.5 mg cm<sup>-2</sup>. The electron transfer from confined metal catalysts within CNTs leads to electron accumulation at the carbon interface, facilitating electron donation to adsorbed sulfur species and lowering the energy barrier for Li<sub>2</sub>S formation.</p>","PeriodicalId":21,"journal":{"name":"ACS Nano","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":15.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142862505","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ACS NanoPub Date : 2024-12-19DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.4c11647
Guanhua Xu, Ao Chen, Feng Feng, Yuqing Wu, Xiuyu Wang
{"title":"Multiscale Mass Transport Across Membranes: From Molecular Scale to Nanoscale to Micron Scale","authors":"Guanhua Xu, Ao Chen, Feng Feng, Yuqing Wu, Xiuyu Wang","doi":"10.1021/acsnano.4c11647","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.4c11647","url":null,"abstract":"Multiscale mass transport across membranes occurs ubiquitously in biological systems but is difficult to achieve and long-sought-after in abiotic systems. The multiscale transmembrane transport in abiotic systems requires the integration of multiscale transport channels and energy ergodicity, making multiscale mass transport a significant challenge. Herein, emulsion droplets with cell-like confinement are used as the experimental model, and multiscale mass transport is achieved from molecular scale to nanoscale to micron scale, reproducing rudimentary forms of cell-like transport behaviors. By adjustment of the magnetic dipole interactions between adjacent superparamagnetic nanoparticles (MNPs), the assembled structure at the interface of emulsion droplets is successfully modified, which constructs transport channels of various scales at the interface. Simultaneously, the assembly process of MNPs induces self-emulsification, which increases entropy and further reduces Gibbs free energy, ultimately realizing multiscale mass transport that evolves in time visiting all possible microscopic states (energy ergodicity). This work represents the comprehensive identification and realization of a multiscale transmembrane transport in abiotic droplet systems, which offers opportunities for the development of high-order cell-like characteristics in emulsion droplet-based communities, synthetic cells, microrobots, and drug carriers.","PeriodicalId":21,"journal":{"name":"ACS Nano","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":17.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142849595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Orientation-Related Giant Photothermoelectric Energy Conversion in Quasi-One-Dimensional van der Waals TaSe3 Crystals","authors":"Bingxuan Zhu, Jun-Jie Wu, Dong Li, Chengyi Zhu, Pei-Yu Huang, Lin-Qing Yue, Ruo-Yao Sun, Sheng Qiang, Liang Zhen, Jing-Kai Qin, Cheng-Yan Xu","doi":"10.1021/acsnano.4c15136","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.4c15136","url":null,"abstract":"Featuring the capabilities of self-power, low dark current, and broadband response, photothermoelectric (PTE) detection demonstrates great potential for application in the military and civilian fields. The development of materials with an intrinsically high efficiency for PTE energy conversion and the in-depth study of its thermoelectric properties on the device performance are of great significance. Here, we reported a quasi-one-dimensional (quasi-1D) van der Waals (vdW) TaSe<sub>3</sub> crystal as a promising material candidate for PTE detection. Benefiting from the 1D confined effect for photon and electron transport, the TaSe<sub>3</sub> nanoribbon crystallized along the atomic chain direction demonstrates a size-dependent thermal conductivity and Seebeck coefficient. With the nanoribbon width downscaled from 5.7 μm to 200 nm, the resulting PTE detector reveals a pronouncedly enhanced photoresponsivity by more than 1 order of magnitude, demonstrating an extremely high value of 33 V/W among the best state-of-the-art PTE devices. More importantly, the anisotropic electrical, thermal, and thermoelectric properties in the TaSe<sub>3</sub> crystal contribute to the orientation-related PTE energy conversion, yielding an anisotropic ratio of photoresponsivity as large as 2.5 under 532 nm light illumination. Our study provides experimental evidence of orientation-related giant PTE photodetection in the quasi-1D vdW TaSe<sub>3</sub> crystal, which provides possibilities for the development of future optoelectronic devices.","PeriodicalId":21,"journal":{"name":"ACS Nano","volume":"262 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":17.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142849597","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Ytterbium Doping-Retooled Prussian Blue for Tumor Metabolism Interference Therapy","authors":"Junlie Yao, Jie Xing, Yuxin Yao, Xiaoxia Wu, Yue Qiu, Zihou Li, Shiyi Xiong, Hao Peng, Fang Yang, Aiguo Wu","doi":"10.1021/acsnano.4c16547","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.4c16547","url":null,"abstract":"Drug repurposing refers to excavating clinically approved drugs for new clinical indications, effectively shortening the cost and time of clinical evaluation due to the established molecular structure, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics. In this sense, clinically approved Prussian blue (PB) has received considerable attention, by virtue of its unique optical, magnetic, and enzymatic performance. Nevertheless, the clinical transformation of PB-based nanodrugs remains restricted owing to their complex synthetic formulation and constrained therapeutic performance. Herein, inspired by diagnostic and therapeutic superiorities of lanthanide ions, a series of ytterbium (Yb)-containing PB nanoparticles (NPs) are synthesized in one step through interstitial Yb-doping, which aims to improve the anticancer efficacy of PB and expand the biological application orientation of Yb ions. Through a systematic comparative analysis, involving microscopic morphology, size distribution, elemental composition, raw material utilization rate, and crystal structure, Yb-enriched PB NPs with better-balanced indexes are identified as an antineoplastic drug candidate. In parallel, their anticancer mechanisms are associated with the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathways, thus disturbing anabolism, catabolism, and homeostasis. Therefore, this study attempts to implement the concept of drug repurposing and lays the foundation for next-generation theranostic nanodrugs.","PeriodicalId":21,"journal":{"name":"ACS Nano","volume":"88 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":17.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142849598","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}