Sports Medicine最新文献

{"title":"On the Fallacy of Single Trials: A Proposal to Reduce Variability in Running Shoe Research","authors":"Fernando G. Beltrami, Gian-Andri Baumann, Kai Biedermann, Christina M. Spengler","doi":"10.1007/s40279-025-02180-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-025-02180-y","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":21969,"journal":{"name":"Sports Medicine","volume":"212 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143582866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Supervision During Strength Training—the Interplay with Facilitation, Feedback and Attentional Focus: A Narrative Review","authors":"James P. Fisher","doi":"10.1007/s40279-025-02192-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-025-02192-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p>There is a growing body of research supporting the acute and chronic benefits of supervision during strength training. However, to date, there has been a lack of clarity within the terminology used, as well as when considering the differences between supervision and facilitation, and connections between supervision, feedback and attentional focus. Multiple articles have identified a lack of transparency in previous research and a need for greater detail on key elements which form the basis of supervision. The aim of this review is to discuss supervision as a construct within the parameters of strength training, including differentiating characteristics along a spectrum from supervision to facilitation, the use of different mediums (one-to-one, small group and virtual) and the effects of internal feedback (including perceptions and measures of effort), external feedback (including contemporary technological approaches) and attentional focus, and augmented feedback upon performance outcome measures. Finally, this review discusses the possible importance of positive feedback within supervision and the position of personal training and strength coaching as a service industry, as well as providing context around autonomy and input on the part of the trainee. In context, this paper provides guidance for future researchers about presenting clarity and detail of supervision and feedback, while also providing practitioners with information to stimulate awareness in coaching practices.</p>","PeriodicalId":21969,"journal":{"name":"Sports Medicine","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143560783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comment on: \"Does Swimming Exercise Impair Bone Health? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Comparing the Evidence in Humans and Rodent Models\".","authors":"Tengfei Li, Qingyong Zheng, Jianguo Xu, Jinhui Tian","doi":"10.1007/s40279-025-02177-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-025-02177-7","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":21969,"journal":{"name":"Sports Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143493391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dry Needling in Sports and Sport Recovery: A Systematic Review with an Evidence Gap Map","authors":"Adrian Kużdżał, Robert Trybulski, Jarosław Muracki, Sebastian Klich, Filipe Manuel Clemente, Adam Kawczyński","doi":"10.1007/s40279-025-02175-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-025-02175-9","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Background</h3><p>Dry needling is an increasingly popular technique used in sports and regenerative medicine contexts. However, there is no comprehensive overview of investigations of dry needling in sports and sport recovery.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Objectives</h3><p>The objectives were to perform a systematic review of dry needling in sports athletes with an evidence gap map, to identify current gaps in the literature, and to provide stakeholders with direction for future research.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) 2020 guidelines were followed. Studies on healthy and injured athletes receiving dry needling were included. Three databases (PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science) were searched, data were synthesized narratively, key data were summarized quantitatively, and an evidence gap map was created.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>The authors incorporated 24 studies into the current study, encompassing 580 athletes, predominantly involving talent/developmental and highly trained/national-level athletes across 13 sports. Most studies used passive or placebo controls, with 37.5% incorporating active controls. Interventions focused mainly on the lower limbs (58.3%). Around 69% of studies reported pain perception outcomes, while six examined muscular strength, activity, and range of motion. While results varied, dry needling generally showed a more positive effect on pain than on athletic performance.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusions</h3><p>Dry needling studies seem to describe general effectiveness and safety for reducing pain and muscle stiffness in a wide variety of body regions. However, further research is needed on underrepresented populations such as elite, world-class, and Paralympic athletes, as well as expanding investigations into long-term effects and a broader range of muscle groups, particularly the hamstrings. The results may be valuable for medical professionals, sports medicine specialists, and researchers.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Registration</h3><p>OSF project no.: osf.io osf.io/h3yeq.</p>","PeriodicalId":21969,"journal":{"name":"Sports Medicine","volume":"43 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143375358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Response to Comment on \"Does Swimming Exercise Impair Bone Health? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Comparing the Evidence in Humans and Rodent Models\".","authors":"Hélder Fonseca, Laura Freitas, Giorjines Boppre","doi":"10.1007/s40279-025-02178-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-025-02178-6","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":21969,"journal":{"name":"Sports Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143365977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Superset Versus Traditional Resistance Training Prescriptions: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Exploring Acute and Chronic Effects on Mechanical, Metabolic, and Perceptual Variables","authors":"Xing Zhang, Jonathon Weakley, Hansen Li, Zhaoqian Li, Amador García-Ramos","doi":"10.1007/s40279-025-02176-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-025-02176-8","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\"&gt;Background&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;Supersets are a time-efficient resistance training (RT) method that involve the sequencing of two exercises with little or no rest between them. However, despite their common implementation during RT, a comprehensive and quantitative review is still lacking.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\"&gt;Objectives&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;The primary aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to compare the acute and chronic effects of superset and traditional set prescriptions on mechanical, metabolic, and perceptual variables. We also aimed to conduct subgroup analyses to determine the effect of different types of supersets (agonist–antagonist, similar biomechanical, and alternate peripheral supersets).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\"&gt;Methods&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;A systematic literature search was conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and EBSCO databases from inception to 10 February 2024. Studies written in English and meeting our inclusion criteria were included. Pooled meta-analysis and subgroup meta-analysis were performed using a random-effects model.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\"&gt;Results&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;Nineteen studies involving 313 participants were included. Although there was considerable variance in certain outcomes, our estimated effects suggested that, compared with traditional set prescription, supersets allow for (1) a similar total number of repetitions [standardized mean differences (SMD) = − 0.03; &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.92] and volume load (SMD = 0.05; &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.86) with a shorter session duration and increased training efficiency (SMD = 1.74; &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.01); (2) higher blood lactate concentration during (SMD = 0.94; &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.03) and after (SMD = 1.13; &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.01) RT; (3) higher energy cost during RT (SMD = 1.93; &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.04); (4) similar creatine kinase concentration after RT (SMD = 0.22; &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.36), surface electromyography (SMD = 0.01; &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.98), acute muscle swelling (SMD = − 0.28; &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.36) and blood pressure (systolic blood pressure [SMD = 0.08; &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.71], diastolic blood pressure [SMD = − 0.05; &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.85], and mean arterial pressure [SMD = − 0.03; &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.88]); (5) higher rating of perceived exertion (SMD = 0.77; &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.02) and similar perceived recovery (SMD = 0.32; &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.33); and (6) similar chronic adaptations in maximal strength (SMD = 0.10; &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.36), strength endurance (SMD = 0.07; &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.81), and muscle hypertrophy (SMD = − 0.05; &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.87). The subgroup analysis revealed that utilizing agonist–antagonist supersets leads to a significant increase in the number of repetitions that are able to be completed compared with traditional sets (SMD = 0.68; &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.01). Similar biomechanical supersets led to less volume load (SMD = − 1.08; &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.01) compared with traditional sets.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\"&gt;Conclusions&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;Supersets provide a time-efficient alternative to","PeriodicalId":21969,"journal":{"name":"Sports Medicine","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143083323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Using Free-Living Heart Rate Data as an Objective Method to Assess Physical Activity: A Scoping Review and Recommendations by the INTERLIVE-Network Targeting Consumer Wearables","authors":"Moritz Schumann, Joshua F. Feuerbacher, Lars Heinrich, Marcos Olvera-Rojas, Alessandro Sclafani, Jan Christian Brønd, Anders Grøntved, Brian Caulfield, Ulf Ekelund, Wilhelm Bloch, Sulin Cheng, Luis B. Sardinha, Francisco B. Ortega","doi":"10.1007/s40279-024-02159-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-024-02159-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Wearable technologies open up new avenues for the assessment of individual physical activity behaviour. Particularly, free-living heart rate (HR) data assessed by optical sensors are becoming widely available. However, while an abundancy of scientific information and guidance exists for the processing of raw acceleration data, no universal recommendations for the utilization of continuous HR recordings during free-living conditions are available. Towards Intelligent Health and Well-Being: Network of Physical Activity Assessment (INTERLIVE^®) is a joint European initiative of six universities and one industrial partner. The consortium was founded in 2019 and strives towards developing best-practice recommendations in the context of consumer wearables and smartphones. The aim of this scoping review (following PRISMA-ScR procedures) and recommendations was to provide best-practice protocols for deriving individual physical activity profiles from continuous HR recordings by wearables. The recommendations were developed through an initial scoping review, grey literature searches of promotional material and user manuals of leading wearable manufacturers as well as evidence-informed discussions among the members of the INTERLIVE^®-network. The scoping review was performed on the generic domains required for physical activity assessment, namely: (1) ‘assessment of maximal heart rate’, (2) ‘determination of basal and/or resting heart rate’ and (3) ‘heart rate-derived intensity zones’, for which we finally included a total of 72, 2 and 11 eligible papers, respectively. Gathering recent knowledge, we provide a decision tree and detailed recommendations for the analysis of free-living HR data to derive individual physical activity profiles. Moreover, we also provide examples of HR-metric calculations that help to illustrate data processing and reporting.</p>","PeriodicalId":21969,"journal":{"name":"Sports Medicine","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143072479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Which Training Intensity Distribution Intervention will Produce the Greatest Improvements in Maximal Oxygen Uptake and Time-Trial Performance in Endurance Athletes? A Systematic Review and Network Meta-analysis of Individual Participant Data.","authors":"Michael A Rosenblat, Jennifer A Watt, Jem I Arnold, Gunnar Treff, Øyvind B Sandbakk, Jonathan Esteve-Lanao, Luca Festa, Luca Filipas, Stuart D Galloway, Iker Muñoz, Domingo J Ramos-Campo, Patrick Schneeweiss, Sergio Sellés-Pérez, Thomas Stöggl, Rune K Talsnes, Christoph Zinner, Stephen Seiler","doi":"10.1007/s40279-024-02149-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-024-02149-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Endurance athletes tend to accumulate large training volumes, the majority of which are performed at a low intensity and a smaller portion at moderate and high intensity. However, different training intensity distributions (TID) are employed to maximize physiological and performance adaptations.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The objective of this study was to conduct a systematic review and network meta-analysis of individual participant data to compare the effect of different TID models on maximal oxygen uptake (VO_2max) and time-trial (TT) performance in endurance-trained athletes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Studies were included if: (1) they were published in peer reviewed academic journals, (2) they were in English, (3) they were experimental or quasi-experimental studies, (4) they included trained endurance athletes, (5) they compared a polarized (POL) TID intervention to a comparator group that utilized a different TID model, (6) the duration in each intensity domain could be quantified, and (7) they reported VO_2max or TT performance. Medline and SPORTDiscus were searched from inception until 11 February 2024.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We included 13 studies with 348 (n = 296 male, n = 52 female) recreational (n = 150) and competitive (n = 198) endurance athletes. Mean age ranged from 17.6 to 41.5 years and VO_2max ranged from 46.6 to 68.3 mL·kg^-1·min^-1, across studies respectively. Based on the time in heart rate zone approach, there was no difference in VO_2max (SMD = - 0.06, p = 0.68) or TT performance (SMD = - 0.05, p = 0.34) between POL and pyramidal (PYR) interventions. There were no statistically significant differences between POL and any of the other TID interventions. Subgroup analysis showed a statistically significant difference in the response of VO_2max between recreational and competitive athletes for POL and PYR (SMD = - 0.63, p < 0.05). Competitive athletes may have greater improvements to VO_2max with POL, while recreational athletes may improve more with a PYR TID.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our results indicate that the adaptations to VO_2max following different TID interventions are dependent on performance level. Athletes at a more competitive level may benefit from a POL TID intervention and recreational athletes from a PYR TID intervention.</p>","PeriodicalId":21969,"journal":{"name":"Sports Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143067447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative Efficacy and Acceptability of Non-surgical Treatments with or without Exercise for Diastasis Recti Abdominis in Postpartum Women: A Network Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials","authors":"Wen-Chieh Wu, Wen-Hong Wu, Ming-Fen Lee, Pei-Yu Wu, Yu-Kang Tu, Hsuan Lin, Chien-Yi Chan, Chun-Yin Huang","doi":"10.1007/s40279-025-02179-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-025-02179-5","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Background</h3><p>Diastasis recti abdominis (DRA), commonly occurring in postpartum women, is not only an aesthetic issue but is also highly associated with functional impairments. Various conservative treatment modalities have been employed in clinical practice to alleviate DRA. However, the comparative efficacy of these non-surgical treatments for improving the inter-recti distance (IRD) remains to be determined.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Aim</h3><p>This current network meta-analysis (NMA) aims to compare the efficacy and acceptability of different non-surgical treatments with or without exercise for improving DRA in postpartum women.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>This NMA adhered to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. ClinicalKey, Cochrane Library, CINAHL, Embase, PubMed, Web of Science, and ClinicalTrials.gov were systematically searched for randomized controlled trial (RCT) studies up to April 2024. The analysis included studies that met the following criteria: (1) postpartum women diagnosed with DRA defined as an IRD greater than 2 cm; (2) intervention: any non-surgical treatments for at least 2 weeks; (3) comparator: no-treatment control; and (4) outcome: changes in IRD and acceptability. The relative efficacy between the non-surgical treatments tested and the probability of treatments were evaluated.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>Twenty-one RCTs comprising 1195 participants aged from 18 to 45 years old were included. The forest plot revealed that exercise coupling with neuromuscular electrical stimulation systems (NMES) [mean difference (MD) − 1.12 cm, 95% confidence interval (CI) − 1.66 to − 0.58], acupuncture (MD − 0.81 cm, 95% CI − 1.54 to − 0.08), corset (MD − 0.65 cm, 95% CI − 1.24 to − 0.06), and exercise alone (MD − 0.48 cm, 95% CI − 0.80 to − 0.16) led to significant reductions in IRD compared with control. Further, the treatment ranking indicated that the combination of NMES with exercise has the highest probability (91.0%) of being the best treatment for reducing IRD, followed by acupuncture with exercise (71.1%). Treatments combined with exercise demonstrated better rankings for reducing IRD than individual treatments without exercise. Acceptability did not significantly differ between the groups.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Limitations and Implications</h3><p>This NMA encountered limitations due to participant variability, differing measurement methods, and sparse data, necessitating careful interpretation of findings regarding postpartum DRA interventions.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusions</h3><p>This NMA suggests NMES combined with exercise as the best treatment tested for DRA in postpartum women.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">PROSPERO Registration</h3><p>CRD42024541345.</p>","PeriodicalId":21969,"journal":{"name":"Sports Medicine","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143054853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nutritional Interventions to Attenuate Quadriceps Muscle Deficits following Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury and Reconstruction","authors":"Miriam J. Smith, Nolan J. Hoffman, Argell J. San Jose, Louise M. Burke, David A. Opar","doi":"10.1007/s40279-025-02174-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-025-02174-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Following anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury, quadriceps muscle atrophy persists despite rehabilitation, leading to loss of lower limb strength, osteoarthritis, poor knee joint health and reduced quality of life. However, the molecular mechanisms responsible for these deficits in hypertrophic adaptations within the quadriceps muscle following ACL injury and reconstruction are poorly understood. While resistance exercise training stimulates skeletal muscle hypertrophy, attenuation of these hypertrophic pathways can hinder rehabilitation following ACL injury and reconstruction, and ultimately lead to skeletal muscle atrophy that persists beyond ACL reconstruction, similar to disuse atrophy. Numerous studies have documented beneficial roles of nutritional support, including nutritional supplementation, in maintaining and/or increasing muscle mass. There are three main mechanisms by which nutritional supplementation may attenuate muscle atrophy and promote hypertrophy: (1) by directly affecting muscle protein synthetic machinery; (2) indirectly increasing an individual’s ability to work harder; and/or (3) directly affecting satellite cell proliferation and differentiation. We propose that nutritional support may enhance rehabilitative responses to exercise training and positively impact molecular machinery underlying muscle hypertrophy. As one of the fastest growing knee injuries worldwide, a better understanding of the potential mechanisms involved in quadriceps muscle deficits following ACL injury and reconstruction, and potential benefits of nutritional support, are required to help restore quadriceps muscle mass and/or strength. This review discusses our current understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in muscle hypertrophy and disuse atrophy, and how nutritional supplements may leverage these pathways to maximise recovery from ACL injury and reconstruction.</p>","PeriodicalId":21969,"journal":{"name":"Sports Medicine","volume":"2021 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143027182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}