Sports Medicine最新文献

{"title":"Professional Male Soccer Players' Perspectives of the Nutrition Culture Within an English Premier League Football Club: A Qualitative Exploration Using Bourdieu's Concepts of Habitus, Capital and Field.","authors":"Wee Lun Foo, Emma Tester, Graeme L Close, Colum J Cronin, James P Morton","doi":"10.1007/s40279-024-02134-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-024-02134-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong>Professional soccer players' self-reported dietary intakes often do not meet recommended sport nutrition guidelines. Although behaviour change models have previously explored barriers and enablers to nutritional adherence, the cultural factors influencing players' nutritional habits also warrant investigation. Accordingly, we aimed to explore players' perceptions of the nutrition culture within the professional soccer environment.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>An interpretivist paradigm, which emphasises that reality is subjectively and socially constructed, underpins this study. Qualitative, face-to-face semi-structured interviews (comprising open-ended questions) were conducted with purposively sampled male soccer players from the English Premier League (EPL) (five British, five migrant; mean age: 26 ± 6 years; mean EPL appearances: 106 ± 129). Data were abductively analysed using thematic analysis according to Bourdieu's concepts of habitus, capital, field and doxa practices.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>This study revealed five key themes: (1) players' habitus, as shaped by familial, ethnic and religious backgrounds, influences their dietary habits; (2) social capital, via managers (head coaches), teammates and online influences, impact players' dietary practices; (3) the increase in both soccer clubs' and players' economic capitals has advanced nutrition provision; (4) an unequal distribution of economic capitals has led to hierarchical practice in the performance nutrition field with personalised nutrition being somewhat enacted at the higher levels; and (5) body composition measurement is a 'doxic' practice in professional soccer that warrants challenge.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Soccer players' habitual nutritional practices are influenced by personal upbringing and the club context, including economic resources and social capital from managers. The performance nutrition field within professional soccer is also shaped by stakeholders' doxic beliefs surrounding the perceived optimal body composition of players, with managers exerting social capital.</p>","PeriodicalId":21969,"journal":{"name":"Sports Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142565088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Authors' Reply to Nevill and Wyon: \"Size Exponents for Scaling Maximal Oxygen Uptake in Over 6500 Humans: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis\".","authors":"Lorenzo Lolli, Alan Batterham, Kathryn Weston, Greg Atkinson","doi":"10.1007/s40279-024-02092-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40279-024-02092-3","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":21969,"journal":{"name":"Sports Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"2969-2970"},"PeriodicalIF":9.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142120562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy of Interval Training in Improving Body Composition and Adiposity in Apparently Healthy Adults: An Umbrella Review with Meta-Analysis.","authors":"Eric Tsz-Chun Poon, Hong-Yat Li, Jonathan Peter Little, Stephen Heung-Sang Wong, Robin Sze-Tak Ho","doi":"10.1007/s40279-024-02070-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40279-024-02070-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Although the efficacy of interval training for improving body composition has been summarized in an increasing number of systematic reviews in recent years, discrepancies in review findings and conclusions have been observed.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aims to synthesize the available evidence on the efficacy of interval training compared with moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) and nonexercise control (CON) in reducing body adiposity in apparently healthy adults.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>An umbrella review with meta-analysis was performed. A systematic search was conducted in seven databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Database, CINAHL, Scopus, SPORTDiscus, and Web of Science) up to October 2023. Systematic reviews with meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing interval training and MICT/CON were included. Literature selection, data extraction, and methodological quality assessment (AMSTAR-2) were conducted independently by two reviewers. Meta-analyses were performed using a random-effects model. Subgroup analyses were conducted based on the type of interval training [high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and sprint interval training (SIT)], intervention duration, body mass index, exercise modality, and volume of HIIT protocols.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Sixteen systematic reviews, including 79 RCTs and 2474 unique participants, met the inclusion criteria. Most systematic reviews had a critically low (n = 6) or low (n = 6) AMSTAR-2 score. Interval training demonstrated significantly greater reductions in total body fat percent (BF%) compared with MICT [weighted mean difference (WMD) of - 0.77%; 95% confidence interval (CI) - 1.12 to - 0.32%] and CON (WMD of - 1.50%; 95% CI - 2.40 to - 0.58%). Significant reductions in fat mass, visceral adipose tissue, subcutaneous abdominal fat, and android abdominal fat were also observed following interval training compared to CON. Subgroup analyses indicated that both HIIT and SIT resulted in superior BF% loss than MICT. These benefits appeared to be more prominent in individuals with overweight/obesity and longer duration interventions (≥ 12 weeks), as well as in protocols using cycling as a modality and low-volume HIIT (i.e., < 15 min of high-intensity exercise per session).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This novel umbrella review with large-scale meta-analysis provides an updated synthesis of evidence with implications for physical activity guideline recommendations. The findings support interval training as a viable exercise strategy for reducing adiposity in the general population.</p>","PeriodicalId":21969,"journal":{"name":"Sports Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"2817-2840"},"PeriodicalIF":9.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11560999/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141604125","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"There is No Supporting Evidence for a Far Transfer of General Perceptual or Cognitive Training to Sports Performance.","authors":"Job Fransen","doi":"10.1007/s40279-024-02060-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40279-024-02060-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In this opinion piece I reiterate the concepts of near and far transfer as previously described in the psychological literature. I show that despite very limited evidence, many technologies, tools and methods make questionable claims of eliciting far transfer from generic perceptual and/or cognitive training to sports performance. Specifically, this commentary illustrates with studies on stroboscopic vision, neurofeedback training and executive functions that the claims made for the beneficial effects of these training methods are currently unsubstantiated. I conclude that greater scrutiny by researchers is needed in order to assist practitioners to make better-informed decisions about tools, methods and technologies that may aid sports performance.</p>","PeriodicalId":21969,"journal":{"name":"Sports Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"2717-2724"},"PeriodicalIF":9.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11560981/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141437566","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Low Energy Availability and Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis","authors":"Tara L. Gallant, Lauren F. Ong, Laura Wong, Michael Sparks, Ethan Wilson, Jose L. Puglisi, Valerie A. Gerriets","doi":"10.1007/s40279-024-02130-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-024-02130-0","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Introduction</h3><p>Low energy availability (LEA) occurs when energy expenditure from athletic training and bodily functions exceeds caloric intake. This imbalance results in declines in athletic performance and increases the risk of injury. Relative energy deficiency in sport (REDs) is a condition that occurs when the energy deficit is severe enough to cause alterations to metabolic rate, menstrual function, immune function, bone health, protein synthesis, and cardiovascular function. Many athletes, particularly those competing in endurance, aesthetic, or weight-class sports, are adversely impacted by this condition.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Objectives</h3><p>This study aims to determine the prevalence of LEA and REDs among athletes and present the first secondary analysis of the impacts of these phenomena on sports performance and risk of injury.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>This systematic review was registered on PROSPERO (CRD42023469253). Literature searches were performed following PRISMA guidelines using PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane online databases. Inclusion criteria were articles discussing the prevalence of LEA or REDs, the impact of LEA or REDs on athletic performance, or the impact of LEA or REDs EA on injury.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>A total of 59 studies met the inclusion criteria for this meta-analysis, and 2737 of 6118 athletes (44.7%) in 46 different studies were determined to have LEA, including 44.2% of female athletes and 49.4% of male athletes. In addition, 460 of 730 athletes (63.0%) in eight different studies were determined to be at risk of REDs. Athletes with LEA were found to have decreased run performance, training response, endurance performance, coordination, concentration, judgment, explosive power, and agility relative to athletes with normal energy availability, as well as an increased likelihood of absence from training due to illness. Studies had mixed results as to whether LEA increased the risk of injury in general. However, most studies concluded that athletes with LEA have impaired bone health and a higher risk of bone stress injuries.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Discussion</h3><p>To our knowledge, this is the first systematic review analyzing the impacts of LEA and REDs on athletic performance and risk of injury. Due to the high estimated prevalence of LEA among athletes, coaches may want to consider employing surveys such as the low energy availability in females questionnaire (LEAF-Q) to identify athletes at risk for LEA, as early identification and correction of LEA can prevent the development of symptoms of REDs, reduce the risk of impaired bone health and bone stress injuries, and help athletes optimize the performance benefits from their training.</p>","PeriodicalId":21969,"journal":{"name":"Sports Medicine","volume":"126 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142562059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cannabinoid Therapy in Athletics: A Review of Current Cannabis Research to Evaluate Potential Real-World Cannabinoid Applications in Sport.","authors":"Elizabeth S Thompson, Jane Alcorn, J Patrick Neary","doi":"10.1007/s40279-024-02094-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40279-024-02094-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The increasing legalization of Cannabis sativa plant products has sparked growing interest in their therapeutic applications. Prohibition laws established in 1937 hindered formal research on cannabis, a plant with cultural and medicinal roots dating back to 2700 BC in Chinese history. Despite regulatory hurdles, published research on cannabis has emerged; yet elite athletes remain an underrepresented population in these studies. Athletes, known for exploring diverse substances to optimize performance, are drawn to the potential benefits of cannabinoid therapy, with anecdotal reports suggesting positive effects on issues ranging from anxiety to brain injuries. This review aims to evaluate empirical published cannabis research with a specific focus on its potential applications in athletics. The changing legal landscape, especially the removal of cannabis from drug testing programs in leagues such as the National Basketball Association (NBA), and endorsements by Major League Baseball (MLB) for cannabinoid products and the National Football League (NFL) for cannabis research, reflects a shift in the acceptability of such substances in sports. However, stigma, confusion, and a lack of education persist, hindering a cohesive understanding among sports organizations, including business professionals, policymakers, coaches, and medical/training staff, in addition to athletes themselves. Adding to the confusion is the lack of consistency with cannabinoid regulations from sport to sport, within or out of competition, and with cannabis bioactive compounds. The need for this review is underscored by the evolving attitudes toward cannabinoids in professional sports and the potential therapeutic benefits or harms they may offer. By synthesizing current cannabis research, this review aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the applications and implications of cannabinoid use in the realm of athletics.</p>","PeriodicalId":21969,"journal":{"name":"Sports Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"2743-2769"},"PeriodicalIF":9.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142018687","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of Collagen Peptide Supplementation in Combination with Long-Term Physical Training on Strength, Musculotendinous Remodeling, Functional Recovery, and Body Composition in Healthy Adults: A Systematic Review with Meta-analysis.","authors":"Kevin Bischof, Anna Maria Moitzi, Savvas Stafilidis, Daniel König","doi":"10.1007/s40279-024-02079-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40279-024-02079-0","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Introduction: &lt;/strong&gt;Over the past decade, collagen peptide (CP) supplements have received considerable attention in sports nutrition research. These supplements have shown promising results in improving personal health, enhancing athletic performance, and preventing injuries in some but not all studies.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Objective: &lt;/strong&gt;A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) has been conducted to investigate the effects of long-term daily collagen peptide (CP) supplementation on strength, musculotendinous adaptation, functional recovery, and body composition in healthy adults, both with and without concurrent exercise interventions over several weeks.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;The PRISMA with PERSiST guidelines were followed for this systematic literature review, which was conducted in December 2023 using PubMed, Scopus, CINAHL, and SPORTDiscus databases. Eligible studies included healthy, normal to overweight adults over 17 years of age who engaged in exercise and daily collagen peptide (CP) supplementation for a minimum of 8 weeks (except one 3-week trial only included for maximal strength). Studies examining recovery-related outcomes were also eligible if they included a 1-week supplementation period without exercise. Methodological study quality was assessed using the PEDro scale. A random-effects model with standardized mean differences (SMD) of change scores was chosen to calculate overall effect sizes.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;Nineteen studies comprising 768 participants were included in both the systematic review and meta-analysis. Results indicate statistically significant effects in favor of long-term CP intake regarding fat-free mass (FFM) (SMD 0.48, p &lt; 0.01), tendon morphology (SMD 0.67, p &lt; 0.01), muscle architecture (SMD 0.39, p &lt; 0.01), maximal strength (SMD 0.19, p &lt; 0.01), and 48 h recovery in reactive strength following exercise-induced muscle damage (SMD 0.43, p = 0.045). The GRADE approach revealed a moderate certainty of evidence for body composition, a very low certainty for tendon morphology and mechanical properties, and a low certainty for the remaining.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusion: &lt;/strong&gt;This systematic review and meta-analysis represents the first comprehensive investigation into the effects of long-term CP supplementation combined with regular physical training on various aspects of musculoskeletal health in adults. The findings indicate significant, though of low to moderate certainty, evidence of improvements in fat-free mass (FFM), tendon morphology, muscle mass, maximal strength, and recovery in reactive strength following exercise-induced muscle damage. However, further research is required to fully understand the mechanisms underlying these effects, particularly regarding tendon mechanical properties and short-term adaptations to collagen peptide (CP) intake without exercise, as observed in recovery outcomes. Overall, CP supplementation appears pro","PeriodicalId":21969,"journal":{"name":"Sports Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"2865-2888"},"PeriodicalIF":9.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11561013/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141767475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Novel Method to Predict Carbohydrate and Energy Expenditure During Endurance Exercise Using Measures of Training Load","authors":"Jeffrey A. Rothschild, Stuart Hofmeyr, Shaun J. McLaren, Ed Maunder","doi":"10.1007/s40279-024-02131-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-024-02131-z","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\"&gt;Background&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;Sports nutrition guidelines recommend carbohydrate (CHO) intake be individualized to the athlete and modulated according to changes in training load. However, there are limited methods to assess CHO utilization during training sessions.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\"&gt;Objectives&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;We aimed to (1) quantify bivariate relationships between both CHO and overall energy expenditure (EE) during exercise and commonly used, non-invasive measures of training load across sessions of varying duration and intensity and (2) build and evaluate prediction models to estimate CHO utilization and EE with the same training load measures and easily quantified individual factors.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\"&gt;Methods&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;This study was undertaken in two parts: a primary study, where participants performed four different laboratory-based cycle training sessions, and a validation study where different participants performed a single laboratory-based training session using one of three exercise modalities (cycling, running, or kayaking). The primary study included 15 cyclists (five female; maximal oxygen consumption [&lt;span&gt;(dot{V})&lt;/span&gt;O&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;max], 51.9 ± 7.2 mL/kg/min), the validation study included 21 cyclists (seven female; &lt;span&gt;(dot{V})&lt;/span&gt;O&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;max 53.5 ± 11.0 mL/kg/min), 20 runners (six female; &lt;span&gt;(dot{V})&lt;/span&gt;O&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;max 57.5 ± 7.2 mL/kg/min), and 18 kayakers (five female; &lt;span&gt;(dot{V})&lt;/span&gt;O&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;max 45.6 ± 4.8 mL/kg/min). Training sessions were quantified using six training load metrics: two using heart rate, three using power, and one using perceived exertion. Carbohydrate use and EE were determined separately for aerobic (gas exchange) and anaerobic (net lactate accumulation, body mass, and O&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; lactate equivalent method) energy systems and summed. Repeated-measures correlations were used to examine relationships between training load and both CHO utilization and EE. General estimating equations were used to model CHO utilization and EE, using training load alongside measures of fitness and sex. Models were built in the primary study and tested in the validation study. Model performance is reported as the coefficient of determination (&lt;i&gt;R&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;) and mean absolute error, with measures of calibration used for model evaluation and for sport-specific model re-calibration.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\"&gt;Results&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;Very-large to near-perfect within-subject correlations (&lt;i&gt;r&lt;/i&gt; = 0.76–0.96) were evident between all training load metrics and both CHO utilization and EE. In the primary study, all models explained a large amount of variance (&lt;i&gt;R&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; = 0.77–0.96) and displayed good accuracy (mean absolute error; CHO = 16–21 g [10–14%], EE = 53–82 kcal [7–11%]). In the validation study, the mean absolute error ranged from 16–50 g [15–45%] for CHO models to 53–182 kcal [9–31%] for EE models. The calibrated me","PeriodicalId":21969,"journal":{"name":"Sports Medicine","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142563253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Influence of Nutrition Intervention on the P1NP and CTX-1 Response to an Acute Exercise Bout: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis.","authors":"Eimear Dolan, Alina Dumas, Gabriel Perri Esteves, Leticia Lopes Takarabe, Luisa Alves Mendonça Perfeito, Karen M Keane, Bruno Gualano, George A Kelley, Louise Burke, Craig Sale, Paul A Swinton","doi":"10.1007/s40279-024-02087-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40279-024-02087-0","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;Although nutrition and exercise both influence bone metabolism, little is currently known about their interaction, or whether nutritional intervention can modulate the bone biomarker response to acute exercise. Improved understanding of the relationships between nutrition, exercise and bone metabolism may have substantial potential to inform nutritional interventions to protect the bone health of exercising individuals, and to elucidate mechanisms by which exercise and nutrition influence bone.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Objective: &lt;/strong&gt;The aim was to synthesise available evidence related to the influence of nutrition on the response of the bone biomarkers procollagen type 1 N-terminal propeptide (P1NP) and C-terminal telopeptide of type 1 collagen (CTX-1) to acute exercise, using a systematic review and meta-analytic approach.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;Studies evaluating the influence of nutritional status or intervention on the bone biomarker response to an acute exercise bout were included and separated into four categories: (1) feeding status and energy availability, (2) macronutrients, (3) micronutrients and (4) other. Studies conducted on healthy human populations of any age or training status were included. Meta-analysis was conducted when data from at least five studies with independent datasets were available. In the case of insufficient data to warrant meta-analysis, results from individual studies were narratively synthesised and standardised mean effect sizes visually represented.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;Twenty-two articles were included. Of these, three investigated feeding status or energy availability, eight macronutrients, eight micronutrients (all calcium) and six other interventions including dairy products or collagen supplementation. Three studies had more than one intervention and were included in all relevant outcomes. The largest and most commonly reported effects were for the bone resorption marker CTX-1. Meta-analysis indicated that calcium intake, whether provided via supplements, diet or infusion, reduced exercise-induced increases in CTX-1 (effect size - 1.1; 95% credible interval [CrI] -  2.2 to - 0.05), with substantially larger effects observed in studies that delivered calcium via direct infusion versus in supplements or foods. Narrative synthesis suggests that carbohydrate supplementation may support bone during acute exercise, via reducing exercise-induced increases in CTX-1. Conversely, a low-carbohydrate/high-fat diet appears to induce the opposite effect, as evidenced by an increased exercise associated CTX-1 response, and reduced P1NP response. Low energy availability may amplify the CTX-1 response to exercise, but it is unclear whether this is directly attributable to energy availability or to the lack of specific nutrients, such as carbohydrate.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusion: &lt;/strong&gt;Nutritional intervention can modulate the acute bone biomarker response to exercise, which p","PeriodicalId":21969,"journal":{"name":"Sports Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"2889-2906"},"PeriodicalIF":9.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141971871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comment on: Size Exponents for Scaling Maximal Oxygen Uptake in over 6500 Humans-A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.","authors":"Alan M Nevill, Matthew Wyon","doi":"10.1007/s40279-024-02093-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40279-024-02093-2","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":21969,"journal":{"name":"Sports Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"2965-2967"},"PeriodicalIF":9.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142120563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}