Sports Medicine最新文献

{"title":"Biological Motion Perception for Accelerating Sport Performance and Injury Prevention: A Scoping Review","authors":"Julia Malan,Sean Müller,Derryn Pert,John Brenton,Maryam Zoghi","doi":"10.1007/s40279-026-02546-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-026-02546-w","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Background Human biological motion perception is important for enhancement of sport performance through anticipation of an opponent’s action by a performer, as well as detection of injury-prone movement patterns by a coach for remediation. Objective This scoping review investigated how biological motion perception, studied through point-light displays (PLDs), can be used for accelerating performance and injury prevention. Methods PLD studies involving athletes, coaches and novices written in English were included. The PRISMA-ScR and Joanna Briggs Institute Scoping Review Network guidelines were followed. Literature searches were conducted across five electronic databases (Web of Science, Scopus, EBSCOhost [PsycINFO, SPORTDiscus, CINAHL]). Study characteristics were collated and summarised to map the included literature. Results A total of 1208 articles were reviewed, with 40 studies meeting the inclusion criteria. The majority ( n  = 30) focused on anticipation skill. Another subset of studies ( n  = 10) examined motor learning, demonstrating the efficacy of PLDs for skill acquisition across different sports. Four studies investigated neuroimaging revealing activation of motor-relevant brain regions when observing PLDs. The underpinning mechanism of visual perception in sport includes use of the kinematic movement pattern information, from localised limb segments or patterns of play, to perceive normal and deceptive actions in sport. Both perceptual and motor experience of the observer contributes to visual perception. Conclusions The findings highlight the value of PLDs as a method for accelerating anticipation skill and motor learning. Future research should investigate whether coaches and physical therapists can perceive biological motion from PLDs, and whether PLD training can improve detection of injury-prone movement patterns.","PeriodicalId":21969,"journal":{"name":"Sports Medicine","volume":"157 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.8,"publicationDate":"2026-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149088356","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effect of Diet and Dietary Supplements on Iron Status of Active Females: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Interventional Trials.","authors":"Emma McCarthy, Josh P Pekler, Tina Tran, Lauren E Deluca, Trina Fresco, Jarrad Hampton-Marcell, Beatriz Penalver Bernabe, Karrie Hamstra-Wright, Mary Dawn Koenig, Danielle Colegrove, Lisa Tussing-Humphreys","doi":"10.1007/s40279-026-02464-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40279-026-02464-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Iron deficiency is reported in about 15-35% of all female athletes. In addition to oral iron supplements, food-based approaches and dietary supplements have gained interest in preventing and treating iron deficiency in the active female population.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the effect of diet and dietary supplement interventions on iron status, performance, and inflammatory markers in active females of reproductive age.</p><p><strong>Data source: </strong>The search was conducted using PubMed, Scopus, CINAHL, Embase, and Rehabilitation & Sports Medicine Source up to March 2026.</p><p><strong>Data extraction: </strong>Interventional trials that examined the impact of diet or dietary supplements on at least one biomarker of iron status in active females of reproductive age were included.</p><p><strong>Data analysis: </strong>All meta-analyses were conducted in R version 2025.05.0 + 496 using the metafor package. Separate random-effects meta-analyses were performed for hemoglobin and ferritin outcomes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Oral iron supplementation in the form of ferrous sulfate resulted in a significant increase in hemoglobin (mean difference [MD] = 0.42 g/dL; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.10 to 0.74; p = 0.0109; I² = 56.6%) and ferritin (MD = 12.61 ng/mL; 95% CI: 8.29 to 16.92; p < 0.0001; I² = 57.38%).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Meta-analysis revealed that ferrous sulfate supplementation significantly improved hemoglobin and ferritin levels in active females.</p><p><strong>Systematic review registration: </strong>PROSPERO registration no. CRD42024554679.</p>","PeriodicalId":21969,"journal":{"name":"Sports Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"2527-2549"},"PeriodicalIF":11.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13614990/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148219017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physical Exercise as an Adjuvant to Glucocorticoid Therapy: Clinical Recommendations and Evidence Review.","authors":"Paula Etayo-Urtasun, Mikel L Sáez de Asteasu, Mikel Izquierdo","doi":"10.1007/s40279-026-02469-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40279-026-02469-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Glucocorticoids are extensively prescribed for managing immune-mediated and inflammatory diseases. While clinically effective, prolonged glucocorticoid therapy induces adverse effects that compromise physical function and may attenuate the benefits of exercise interventions. Current exercise guidelines, however, inadequately address the complexities of concurrent glucocorticoid treatment. This narrative review, which includes a systematic review, examines interactions between glucocorticoid therapy and physical exercise, evaluates existing evidence on exercise interventions in glucocorticoid-treated populations, and provides evidence-based exercise recommendations tailored to this clinical population. Glucocorticoid-induced complications-including diabetes mellitus, musculoskeletal disorders, hypertension, weight gain, cognitive impairment, and neuropsychiatric disturbances-substantially impair exercise capacity, patient engagement, and physiological adaptations to training. After searching PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases from 1 January, 2000 to 10 May, 2025 for exercise interventions in glucocorticoid-treated patients, 19 studies were included (18 unique trials; n = 663, predominantly women), mainly involving rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus. Overall, the methodological quality, as assessed using the Risk of Bias 2 tool, was rated as moderate to high. Exercise interventions consistently improved muscle performance and functional outcomes, whereas evidence regarding bone, cardiometabolic, cognitive, and mental health outcomes was limited or inconsistent. For optimal exercise prescription in this population, resistance training and aerobic exercise emerge as essential components, complemented by targeted strategies to enhance adherence and ensure safety. Integrating structured exercise as adjuvant therapy in long-term glucocorticoid treatment holds considerable promise for mitigating adverse effects and reducing polypharmacy burden; however, additional research is warranted to establish definitive clinical guidelines.</p>","PeriodicalId":21969,"journal":{"name":"Sports Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"2435-2455"},"PeriodicalIF":11.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13614985/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148206181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Burnout Syndrome in Sport-Related Jobs: A Meta-analysis of Recent Evidence.","authors":"Valentina Viego, Juliana Aparecida de Oliveira Camilo, Braz Isac Andrade Santos, Ícaro Lima-Sena, Carolina Hamodi","doi":"10.1007/s40279-026-02463-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40279-026-02463-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Burnout syndrome in sports is receiving increasing attention in the empirical literature applying psychometric tools. Since 2019, the number of scientific publications has doubled. This growth has increasingly dissociated athletes from their status as workers and burnout is rarely conceived as a phenomenon emerging from a working relationship. This study aims to meta-analyze the empirical measurements of burnout using scales in athletes and occupations related to professional sports during 2014-2023.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The initial search detected 996 studies. After a screening guided by PRISMA principles, we meta-analyzed 113 independent studies comprising 133 burnout measurements from 35,059 athletes, coaches, and referees across 29 countries. The results show a generalized use of the Athlete Burnout Questionnaire (ABQ), a notable heterogeneity in the estimates, signs of publication biases in some specific subscales, higher mean scores in personal accomplishment than other burnout dimensions, a decreasing trend in global scores over time, a higher burnout prevalence in developed countries, and different mean scores according to the scale applied.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The results highlight the need to continue improving the existing psychometric tools and focus interventions on the perception of accomplishment to reduce burnout incidence.</p>","PeriodicalId":21969,"journal":{"name":"Sports Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"2551-2567"},"PeriodicalIF":11.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13615116/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148158076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Toward Precision Cardiac Rehabilitation: Current Limitations and Future Opportunities of Omics and Artificial Intelligence.","authors":"Amine Ghram, Javier Loureiro Diaz, Preeti Raghavan, Arto J Hautala, Rasha Kaddoura, Jari A Laukkanen, Setor K Kunutsor, Mohamed A Elrayess, Beat Knechtle, Katja Weiss, Thomas Rosemann, Salaheddin M Sharif, Amanda R Bonikowske, Thijs M H Eijsvogels, Linda S Pescatello, Leonard A Kaminsky, Abraham Samuel Babu, Giuseppe Biondi-Zoccai, Manuel Avelino Giráldez-García, Javaid Nauman, Giuseppe Lippi, Josef Niebauer, Francesco Perone, Karim Chamari, Hani Sabbour, Miguel Paniagua, Sara Omar, Karam I Turk-Adawi, Marta Supervia, Laila Hedaya, Omar Ibrahim, Mohamed Suliman, Praveen Jayaprabha Surendran, Daniel Martinez-Bussion, Manal S Al Shamari, Mohammed Alhashemi, Tagowg Agab, Rehab Ahmad, M S Ajimsha, Adam Staron, Adel Shabana, Amal Albatini, Abdulfattah S Alqahtani, Raghdah Aljehani, Aisha Aladab, Hisham A Sattar, Trine Moholdt, Øyvind Sandbakk, Carl J Lavie, Helmi Ben Saad","doi":"10.1007/s40279-026-02453-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40279-026-02453-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cardiovascular disease involves complex molecular, cellular, and physiological derangements that present challenges for traditional diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. Precision medicine is an evolving field that seeks to tailor interventions according to an individual's genetic, molecular, and physiological characteristics. By leveraging advanced omics approaches, including genomics, proteomics, metabolomics, and microbiomics, precision medicine may enable more comprehensive patient phenotyping and support the development of more individualized strategies. The emerging concept of precision cardiac rehabilitation (CR) could provide a more tailored approach to cardiac care by integrating artificial intelligence (AI) with multimodal data, including clinical, imaging, physiological, and omics information. In this context, AI has been explored as a tool to support risk assessment, exercise prescription, and monitoring during CR. However, current evidence remains limited and heterogeneous. Omics-based approaches are primarily confined to research and translational settings, and their role in guiding individualized exercise prescription or clinical decision making in CR remains unestablished. Similarly, while AI shows promise for improving adherence, remote monitoring, and data integration, its effectiveness for optimizing clinical outcomes in CR requires further validation. Overall, precision CR represents a promising but still evolving paradigm. Future progress will depend on well-designed clinical trials, real-world data integration, standardized methodologies, and interdisciplinary collaboration to determine whether these technologies can be safely and effectively integrated into routine clinical practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":21969,"journal":{"name":"Sports Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"2413-2434"},"PeriodicalIF":11.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148253512","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Head Acceleration Magnitude in Sport-Related Concussive Impacts: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.","authors":"Branimir Ivanic, Anna Cronström, Mana Rasi, Eva Ageberg","doi":"10.1007/s40279-026-02448-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40279-026-02448-x","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;Sport-related concussion (SRC) is a common and complex injury in athletic populations. Linear head acceleration (LHA) and rotational head acceleration (RHA) are key biomechanical factors believed to contribute to SRC, each through distinct mechanisms. Evaluating head impact magnitudes across different sports, athlete populations, and measurement methods is essential for advancing SRC injury prevention and risk assessment.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Objective: &lt;/strong&gt;We aimed to examine linear and rotational head acceleration magnitudes associated with SRC impacts in athletes participating in team sports across all ages and both sexes.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis adhering to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. We searched three databases (MEDLINE, Scopus, SPORTDiscus) until 4 September, 2024, and the literature search was updated on the 10 November, 2025. Observational and experimental studies reporting peak LHA and/or RHA during SRC impacts in team sport athletes were included. Data were extracted on study characteristics, instrumentation, and head impact magnitudes. The risk of bias was assessed using the National Institutes of Health Quality Assessment Tool, and the certainty of the evidence was evaluated using GRADE. Random-effects meta-analyses were conducted to compare SRC and non-concussive impacts, and subgroup analyses were performed by sport type, age group, sex, session type, and instrumentation type, reporting standardized mean difference and mean difference. Between-group differences were assessed using Q&lt;sub&gt;b&lt;/sub&gt; statistics, and heterogeneity was evaluated using the I&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; statistics. Sensitivity and publication bias analyses were also performed.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;Data from 30 articles representing 3262 athletes (12% female) were included. Sport-related concussion impacts produced significantly greater head acceleration magnitudes than non-concussive impacts, with large differences for both LHA (69.6 g vs 25.3 g; standardized mean difference = 2.42; 95% confidence interval 1.73-3.12) and RHA (4931 rad/s&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; vs. 1966 rad/s&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;; standardized mean difference = 1.99; 95% confidence interval 1.17-2.81). For SRC impacts, subgroup analyses revealed significant differences across sports (p &lt; 0.001), age groups (LHA only, p = 0.01), sexes (LHA only, p &lt; 0.001), and instrumentation types (LHA p &lt; 0.001; RHA p = 0.02). The highest LHA values were observed in American Football (83.2 g), while the highest RHA values were recorded in rugby (7627 rad/s&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;). Higher LHA values were recorded for male athletes (78.2 g) compared with female athletes (44.2 g), and for high school athletes (88.3 g) compared with youth (61.4 g) and adult athletes (72.2 g). Helmet-mounted sensors recorded the highest LHA (79.0 g), and skin patches recorded the highest RHA (6938 rad/s&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;)","PeriodicalId":21969,"journal":{"name":"Sports Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"2477-2495"},"PeriodicalIF":11.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13614995/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148035338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transverse Process Fractures in Athletes: Mechanisms, Management and Return-to-Play Considerations.","authors":"Arnav Barve, Jake M McDonnell, Conor McCartney, Aubrie Sowa, Danny Miller, Sean Carmody, Stacey Darwish, Joseph S Butler","doi":"10.1007/s40279-026-02471-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40279-026-02471-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Transverse process fractures (TPFs) are typically considered minor stable spinal injuries. However, in professional athletes, these fractures can significantly impact function, training and return-to-play decisions. This narrative review examines the anatomy of transverse processes, mechanisms of injury, clinical presentation, imaging modalities, management strategies, rehabilitation principles and return-to-play considerations. A comprehensive review of the literature was conducted, incorporating case studies, sports medicine reports and trauma data to provide an evidence-based approach to TPF diagnosis and management in professional athletes. TPFs in athletes typically result from high-energy direct trauma, excessive rotational forces or muscular avulsion. While inherently stable, they may be associated with concomitant injuries, necessitating a thorough clinical and radiologic evaluation. Despite emerging imaging techniques (e.g. magnetic resonance imaging [MRI] three-dimensional [3D] T1 volumetric interpolated breath-hold examination [VIBE]), computed tomography (CT) imaging remains the gold standard for diagnosis, with MRI useful for detecting soft tissue pathology. Treatment is predominantly non-operative, focusing on multimodal pain control, early mobilization and structured rehabilitation to restore spinal function while preventing complications. Return-to-play is individualized, with most athletes resuming full activity within 3-6 weeks for isolated TPFs, though multi-level fractures or associated injuries may prolong recovery. TPFs require careful assessment and management to ensure optimal recovery and a safe return-to-play. A multidisciplinary approach involving orthopaedic surgeons, musculoskeletal radiologists, sports physicians, physiotherapists, sport scientists and coaching staff is essential to balance expedient recovery without long-term sequelae. Understanding sport-specific demands and implementing tailored rehabilitation protocols can allow athletes to make a complete recovery with minimal risk of recurrence.</p>","PeriodicalId":21969,"journal":{"name":"Sports Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"2457-2476"},"PeriodicalIF":11.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13615031/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148253111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Evidence-Based and Mechanistic Approach to Reducing the Risk of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury: An Exercise and Sport Science Australia Position Statement.","authors":"Tyler J Collings, Laura E Diamond, Rod S Barrett, David J Saxby, David G Lloyd, Rod Whiteley, Brooke E Patterson, Kay M Crossley, Matthew N Bourne","doi":"10.1007/s40279-026-02450-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40279-026-02450-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) rupture is a serious sporting injury associated with impaired performance, high recurrence rates, early-onset knee osteoarthritis and substantial health and economic burden. In Australia, ACL injury incidence has increased over the past two decades, with particularly high rates observed among female and adolescent athletes participating in cutting and landing sports. Neuromuscular and structured warm-up programs can reduce ACL injury risk; however, implementation and adherence remain inconsistent, and evidence for effectiveness in males, elite athletes and several high-risk sports is unclear. Practitioners, therefore, require clear, evidence-based guidance to prescribe effective prevention strategies across diverse populations. This position statement provides contemporary, evidence-informed recommendations to guide exercise prescription for ACL injury prevention by (1) critically evaluating the effect of existing exercise interventions on ACL injury incidence, and (2) synthesising evidence on intrinsic risk factors and mechanistic pathways for non-contact ACL injury to inform targeted training strategies. Two systematic literature searches were conducted in Scopus, Embase and PubMed. The first identified randomised and non-randomised controlled trials and cohort studies evaluating the effect of exercise-based interventions on ACL injury incidence. The second identified prospective studies examining intrinsic risk factors for non-contact ACL injury. Evidence on ACL injury aetiology was synthesised by integrating injury risk factors, video analyses of injury events, in vivo and in vitro laboratory studies and in silico biomechanical modelling. We propose a tiered framework for exercise prescription. Tier 1 strategies emphasise population-level neuromuscular and structured warm-up programs, which meta-analyses indicate can reduce ACL injury risk by approximately 60% in adolescent female soccer, basketball and handball players. Effective programs typically combine plyometric, strength, balance/proprioception, mobility and agility exercises performed for 10-30 min, 2-3 times per week. Tier 2 strategies target specific neuromuscular deficits or high-risk movement patterns, including low knee flexion, dynamic knee valgus, lateral trunk flexion and excessive step width. Interventions may include plyometric and resistance exercises, motor control drills and neurocognitive challenges to increase transfer to game scenarios; however, direct evidence linking Tier 2 strategies to reduced injury incidence remains limited. This position statement provides an evidence-based framework to support the design and practical implementation of effective ACL injury prevention strategies in sport.</p>","PeriodicalId":21969,"journal":{"name":"Sports Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"2389-2411"},"PeriodicalIF":11.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13615120/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147942986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comment on: \"35 Years of Joyner's Endurance Performance Model: Assessing the Contribution of Physiological Determinants of Performance Proxies in 888 Individuals from Recreational to World Class\".","authors":"Sebastian Keller, Sanghyeon Ji, Patrick Wahl","doi":"10.1007/s40279-026-02507-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40279-026-02507-3","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":21969,"journal":{"name":"Sports Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"2625-2627"},"PeriodicalIF":11.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13615114/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148664508","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acute Effects of Different Training Sessions on the Extended Blood Steroid Profile in Elite Male Football Players.","authors":"Federico Ponzetto, Alberto Franceschi, Laura Leoni, Alessia Melis, Giulia Montesano, Andrea Marchini, Fabio Settanni, Raul Nicoli, Gianluca Aimaretti, Andrea Benso, Tiia Kuuranne, Mirko Parasiliti-Caprino","doi":"10.1007/s40279-026-02467-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40279-026-02467-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Acute exercise is a recognized physiological confounder of circulating steroid hormones, yet evidence on how real-world football training affects the blood steroid profile (BSP) within the Athlete Biological Passport (ABP) remains limited in elite athletes.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To examine acute endocrine response to football training sessions of differing load and to explore their association with perceived exertion.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 27 elite male professional outfield football players from an Italian Serie A club were assessed during the in-season period (2022-2023 competitive season). Each player completed one predefined low-load (LL), moderate-load (ML), or high-load (HL) training session. Venous blood samples were collected immediately before and after training. Collectively, 26 circulating steroids were quantified by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. These included both unconjugated hormones and phase II metabolites relevant to the BSP. External training load was assessed using global navigation satellite systems, while internal load was quantified via heart-rate telemetry and rating of perceived exertion (RPE). Data were analyzed using nonparametric statistics, linear mixed-effects models, and multivariable logistic regression.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Training elicited significant, load-associated alterations in circulating BSP steroids. HL sessions induced marked post-training increases in free glucocorticoids including cortisone (median Δ + 7.4 ng/mL), and unconjugated androgens such as androstenedione (median Δ + 131.3 pg/mL), whereas LL sessions induced minimal changes. The testosterone-to-androstenedione ratio decreased following ML and HL training (median 8.2-6.6, p < 0.001). Athletes reporting higher perceived exertion (RPE ≥ 4) exhibited greater endocrine perturbations, with significantly larger increases in cortisol-related steroids (e.g., 11-deoxycortisol, p < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Acute football training is associated with rapid modulation of circulating steroid hormones, particularly following higher training loads and perceived exertion. These findings highlight the potential relevance of recent training exposure when interpreting BSP variations and suggest that integrating steroidomic profiles with training-load information may improve the physiological contextualization of antidoping biomarkers.</p>","PeriodicalId":21969,"journal":{"name":"Sports Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"2569-2582"},"PeriodicalIF":11.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13615034/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148151194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}