Sports Medicine最新文献

{"title":"Effects of HIIT Interventions on Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Glycemic Parameters in Adults with Type 1 Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.","authors":"Anja Lazić, Dušan Stanković, Nebojša Trajković, Cristina Cadenas-Sanchez","doi":"10.1007/s40279-024-02059-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40279-024-02059-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Individuals with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) face impaired cardiorespiratory fitness and glycemic control, increasing the risk of cardiovascular complications. High-intensity interval training (HIIT) has emerged as a promising exercise modality with potential benefits for both aspects in this population.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The primary aim was to investigate the effects of HIIT on cardiorespiratory fitness and glycemic parameters in patients with T1DM. The secondary aim was to examine the most effective HIIT protocol for cardiorespiratory fitness and glycemic parameters in patients with T1DM.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Systematic review and meta-analysis.</p><p><strong>Data sources: </strong>Two major electronic databases (Web of Science and PubMed) were searched up to February 2024.</p><p><strong>Eligibility criteria for selecting studies: </strong>Randomized and non-randomized trials involving adult patients with T1DM, free of complications and other diseases examining the effects of HIIT (HIIT pre vs. post; HIIT vs. control group or HIIT vs. moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT)) on cardiorespiratory fitness and glycemic parameters were included.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of ten studies met the inclusion criteria. The meta-analysis revealed a significant improvement in cardiorespiratory fitness following HIIT interventions (pre vs. post) in patients with T1DM (standardized mean difference (SMD) = 0.59, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.16 to 1, p = 0.01). Furthermore, HIIT (pre vs. post) was associated with significant improvements in 24-h mean glucose control (SMD = - 0.44, 95% CI = - 0.81 to - 0.06, p = 0.02), but the results (pre vs. post) failed to identify significant improvements in fasting glucose (SMD = - 0.26, 95% CI = - 0.78 to 0.24, p = 0.3) and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1C) values (SMD = - 0.28, 95% CI = - 0.61 to 0.05, p = 0.1). However, in comparison with a control group, HIIT showed significantly favorable effects on HbA1C (SMD = - 0.74, 95% CI = - 1.35 to - 0.14, p = 0.02). Finally, the meta-regression analysis did not find any moderating effect of any HIIT characteristics (i.e., intervention duration, session duration, work time, rest time, number of bouts, and intensity) on cardiorespiratory fitness and glycemic parameters.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our systematic review and meta-analysis show that T1DM patients who performed a HIIT intervention significantly improved cardiorespiratory fitness and reduced their 24-h mean glucose levels, but not their HbA1C and fasting glucose. These findings support the application of HIIT interventions in T1DM patients. However, the guidelines for the most effective protocol remain unclear; hence, future studies are needed.</p>","PeriodicalId":21969,"journal":{"name":"Sports Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":9.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11466984/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141432852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Is Visual Reliance Increased in Athletes After ACL Injury? A Scoping Review.","authors":"Emanuele Tortoli, Alli Gokeler, Igor Tak, Leonardo Pellicciari, Grant Norte","doi":"10.1007/s40279-024-02085-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40279-024-02085-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Individuals with anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury often exhibit visual cognitive deficits during tasks that require neuromuscular control. In this paper, we present evidence of increased visual reliance after ACL injury during a range of clinically applicable cognitive-motor tasks. This information is essential to strengthen the scientific rationale for therapeutic interventions that target maladaptive neuroplasticity and may translate to improved return-to-sport (RTS) outcomes following ACL injury.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The objectives of this study are (1) to determine if visual reliance is present during common rehabilitation-based assessments after ACL deficiency (ACL-D) or ACL reconstruction (ACL-R), (2) to describe how visual reliance is assessed during such tasks, and (3) to provide information to help clinicians and patients understand the clinical relevance of cognitive load in the assessment and intervention of visual reliance.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Scoping review.</p><p><strong>Literature search: </strong>We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, SCOPUS, and PEDro databases.</p><p><strong>Study selection criteria: </strong>Only primary studies published in English were included without time limitations.</p><p><strong>Data synthesis: </strong>Qualitative analysis of the included studies was performed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We synthesized the results of 23 studies. A total of 7 studies (31%) included patients with ACL-D, 15 studies (65%) included patients with ACL-R, and 1 study (4%) included patients with ACL-D and ACL-R. Evaluation of tasks, task evaluation setting, visual conditions, outcome measures, and presence of increased visual reliance were identified. Most studies investigating patients with ACL-D, contrary to those with ACL-R, exhibited worse postural stability during eyes-closed conditions than uninjured controls. Complete visual obstruction (i.e., eyes closed or blindfolded) was the most frequently reported method to disrupt vision (52%). The addition of a visual-cognitive challenge resulted in significantly worse postural stability in patients with ACL-R compared with controls.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Visual reliance was most commonly assessed during single leg stance with complete visual obstruction. The majority of studies on patients with ACL-D indicate that they exhibit poorer postural stability in eyes-closed conditions when compared with uninjured controls, which suggests increased visual reliance. There is less evidence of visual reliance in patients who have undergone ACL-R compared with those with ACL-D. Adding a visual-cognitive load was found to be more effective in inducing postural stability deficits in individuals who have undergone ACL-R.</p><p><strong>Level of evidence: </strong>IV. The protocol was a priori registered on Open Science Framework ( https://osf.io/p4j95/ ).</p>","PeriodicalId":21969,"journal":{"name":"Sports Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":9.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141996453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comment on: \"Effects of Oral Iron Supplementation on Blood Iron Status in Athletes: A Systematic Review, Meta-analysis and Meta-regression of Randomized Controlled Trials\".","authors":"John J Davis","doi":"10.1007/s40279-024-02096-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40279-024-02096-z","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":21969,"journal":{"name":"Sports Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":9.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142126753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of Strength and Power Capacities in Elite Male Soccer: A Systematic Review of Test Protocols Used in Practice and Research.","authors":"Nikolaos D Asimakidis, Irvin N Mukandi, Marco Beato, Chris Bishop, Anthony N Turner","doi":"10.1007/s40279-024-02071-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40279-024-02071-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Strength and power represent two crucial physical qualities for the attainment of a high level of performance considering the frequency and the importance of explosive actions occurring during elite soccer match-play. Evaluation of strength and power is a multifaceted concept involving a vast array of tests and outcome variables. Nevertheless, a comprehensive and systematic search of strength and power assessment procedures in elite soccer has yet to be undertaken.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The aims of this systematic review were to: (1) identify the tests and outcome variables used to assess strength and power of elite male soccer players; (2) provide normative values for the most common tests of strength and power across different playing levels; and (3) report the reliability values of these strength and power tests.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A systematic review of the academic databases MEDLINE, CINAHL, SPORTDiscus, Web of Science and OVID for studies published until August 2023 was conducted, following the Preferred Reporting Items of Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Studies were eligible for inclusion if they: (1) were original research studies, published in a peer-reviewed journal, and written in English language; (2) had the primary aim to assess strength and/or power; (3) players were male and older than 17 years of age (i.e., mean age of the group); and (4) their playing level was defined as \"professional\", \"international\" or \"elite\".</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Regarding strength testing, 115 studies and 29 different tests were identified. The three most frequent strength tests were the knee extensor isokinetic strength test (58 studies), the knee flexor isokinetic strength test (55 studies) and the Nordic hamstring strength test (13 studies). In terms of power testing, 127 studies with 31 different tests were included. The three most frequent power tests were the countermovement jump with hands fixed on hips (99 studies), the squat jump (48 studies) and the vertical jump with arm swing (29 studies).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The wide range of different tests and outcome variables identified in this systematic review highlights the large diversity in the employed testing procedures. The establishment of a hybrid testing approach, combining standardised and widely accepted tests for establishing normative standards and enabling comparisons across different contexts, with flexible context-specific testing batteries, has the potential to maximise the impact of testing information for practitioners. In addition, the limited reporting of reliability data across studies highlights the need for practitioners to establish their own reliability measure within their specific contexts, informing the selection of certain tests and outcome variables.</p>","PeriodicalId":21969,"journal":{"name":"Sports Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":9.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11467003/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141724509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Psychological Assessment and Intervention at the Boston Marathon.","authors":"Jeffrey L Brown, Robert Raeder, Chris Troyanos, K Sophia Dyer","doi":"10.1007/s40279-024-02116-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-024-02116-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Boston Marathon is a highly regarded event in the running world, not just for its prestige and challenging course, but also for its implementation of a psychology team to support runners. The 2013 Boston Marathon bombings underscored the essential role that mental health support plays at this event, prompting the development and expansion of its innovative care model. This review critically outlines, evaluates, and analyzes the approach and effectiveness of the psychological care model provided to runners on race day as part of the Boston Marathon medical team, including the standard of care, how it functions, and best practices for other marathons. The implications for this review contribute to the increasing trend of providing psychological care in marathon and other athletic settings, and to provide a framework for standardizing assessment and intervention procedures for both elite and novice runners.</p>","PeriodicalId":21969,"journal":{"name":"Sports Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":9.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142354111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"HoopTransformer: Advancing NBA Offensive Play Recognition with Self-Supervised Learning from Player Trajectories.","authors":"Xing Wang, Zitian Tang, Jianchong Shao, Sam Robertson, Miguel-Ángel Gómez, Shaoliang Zhang","doi":"10.1007/s40279-024-02030-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40279-024-02030-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and objective: </strong>Understanding and recognizing basketball offensive set plays, which involve intricate interactions between players, have always been regarded as challenging tasks for untrained humans, not to mention machines. In this study, our objective is to propose an artificial intelligence model that can automatically recognize offensive plays using a novel self-supervised learning approach.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The dataset was collected by SportVU from 632 games during the 2015-2016 season of the National Basketball Association (NBA), with a total of 90,524 possessions. A multi-agent motion prediction pretraining model was built on the basis of axial-attention transformer and trained with different masking strategies: motion prediction (MP), motion reconstruction (MR), and MP + MR joint strategy. A downstream play-level classification task and similarity search were used to evaluate the models' performance.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results showed that the MP + MR joint masking strategy maximized the ability of the model compared with individual masking strategies. For the classification task, the joint strategy achieved a top-1 accuracy of 81.5% and top-3 accuracy of 97.5%. In the similarity search evaluation, the joint strategy attained a top-5 accuracy of 76% and top-10 accuracy of 59%. Additionally, with the same MP + MR joint masking strategy, our HoopTransformer model outperformed the two baseline models in the classification task and similarity search.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study presents a self-supervised learning model and demonstrates the effectiveness and potential of the model in accurately comprehending and capturing player movements and complex interactions during offensive plays.</p>","PeriodicalId":21969,"journal":{"name":"Sports Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":9.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141176133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Joining the Conversation to Spur Alternative Becomings in Sport Science: Diffracting Correspondence/Intra-Action.","authors":"Martin Camiré","doi":"10.1007/s40279-024-02076-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40279-024-02076-3","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":21969,"journal":{"name":"Sports Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":9.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141760978","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Incidence and Propensity of Head Acceleration Events in a Season of Men's and Women's English Elite-Level Club Rugby Union Matches.","authors":"David Allan, James Tooby, Lindsay Starling, Ross Tucker, Éanna Falvey, Danielle Salmon, James Brown, Sam Hudson, Keith Stokes, Ben Jones, Simon Kemp, Patrick O'Halloran, Matt Cross, Gregory Tierney","doi":"10.1007/s40279-024-02064-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40279-024-02064-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To describe and compare the incidence and propensity of head acceleration events (HAEs) using instrumented mouthguards (iMG) by playing position in a season of English elite-level men's and women's rugby union matches.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>iMG data were collected for 255 men and 133 women from 1,865 and 807 player-matches, respectively, and synchronised to video-coded match footage. Head peak resultant linear acceleration (PLA) and peak resultant angular acceleration (PAA) were extracted from each HAE. Mean incidence and propensity values were calculated across different recording thresholds for forwards and backs in addition to positional groups (front row, second row, back row, half backs, centres, back three) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) estimated. Significance was determined based on 95% CI not overlapping across recording thresholds.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>For both men and women, HAE incidence was twice as high for forwards than backs across the majority of recording thresholds. HAE incidence and propensity were significantly lower in the women's game compared to the men's game. Back-row and front-row players had the highest incidence across all HAE thresholds for men's forwards, while women's forward positional groups and men's and women's back positional groups were similar. Tackles and carries exhibited a greater propensity to result in HAE for forward positional groups and the back three in the men's game, and back row in the women's game.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These data offer valuable benchmark and comparative data for future research, HAE mitigation strategies, and management of HAE exposure in elite rugby players. Positional-specific differences in HAE incidence and propensity should be considered in future mitigation strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":21969,"journal":{"name":"Sports Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":9.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11467118/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141451466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Response to Comment on \"Effects of Oral Iron Supplementation on Blood Iron Status in Athletes: A Systematic Review, Meta-analysis and Meta-regression of Randomized Controlled Trials\".","authors":"Anja Neža Šmid, Petra Golja, Vedran Hadžić, Kristina Drole, Armin H Paravlic","doi":"10.1007/s40279-024-02097-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40279-024-02097-y","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":21969,"journal":{"name":"Sports Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":9.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142037013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High Protein Diets and Glomerular Hyperfiltration in Athletes and Bodybuilders: Is Chronic Kidney Disease the Real Finish Line?","authors":"Alberto de Lorenzo, Andrew S Bomback, Niko Mihic","doi":"10.1007/s40279-024-02086-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40279-024-02086-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Several observational and experimental studies in humans have suggested that high protein intake (PI) causes intraglomerular hypertension leading to hyperfiltration. This phenomenon results in progressive loss of renal function with long-term exposure to high-protein diets (HPDs), even in healthy people. The recommended daily allowance for PI is 0.83 g/kg per day, which meets the protein requirement for approximately 98% of the population. A HPD is defined as a protein consumption > 1.5 g/kg per day. Athletes and bodybuilders are encouraged to follow HPDs to optimize muscle protein balance, increase lean body mass, and enhance performance. A series of studies in resistance-trained athletes looking at HPD has been published concluding that there are no harmful effects of HPD on renal health. However, the aim of these studies was to evaluate body composition changes and they were not designed to assess safety or kidney outcomes. Here we review the effects of HPD on kidney health in athletes and healthy individuals with normal kidney function.</p>","PeriodicalId":21969,"journal":{"name":"Sports Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":9.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142081542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}