Sports Medicine最新文献

{"title":"Long-Term Knee Health in Adults with a History of Adolescent Osgood-Schlatter: A National Cohort Study of Patients in Secondary Care in Denmark 1977-2020.","authors":"Kasper Krommes, Amalie Bjerre, Kristian Thorborg, Mathias Fabricius Nielsen, Per Hölmich","doi":"10.1007/s40279-025-02214-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-025-02214-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Osgood-Schlatter has, until recently, been suggested to be a benign condition, affecting adolescents in terms of knee pain and decreased sports participation during growth, with no long-term consequences seen later in adulthood.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The objectives of this study were to describe the long-term knee health in adults with a history of Osgood-Schlatter, compare these findings with healthy population estimates, and investigate if explanatory variables are associated with current knee health.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The Danish Patient Registry identified patients ≥ 18 years diagnosed with adolescent Osgood-Schlatter in hospitals during 1977-2020. All cases participated in a survey about knee-related health and comorbidities. Existing literature was sourced for the healthy population estimates for comparisons. Explanatory variables were recalled Osgood-Schlatter duration, pain levels, restrictions, and current tibial tubercle prominence.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of 1281 identified patients, 400 responded. Most reported having a current bony prominence of the tibial tubercle (85%) and sustained pain/problems from the same area (73%). Compared with healthy population estimates, Osgood-Schlatter cases scored lower on the Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score on all subscales (p < 0.05), particularly for \"sport/rec\" and \"quality of life\" (Cohen's d > 0.8). Similarly, cases exhibited a large risk of \"jumper's knee\" (odds ratio: 70.4 [95% confidence intervals, CI: 32.9; 155.0], p < 0.0001). Symptom duration and pain levels were negatively associated with several outcomes (p < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Adults with a history of Osgood-Schlatter have significantly worse long-term knee health than what is observed from healthy population estimates. Recalled longer symptom duration and higher pain levels were associated with worse current knee health. This information should potentially guide management to maintain knee health over time, as the condition is not always as benign and self-limiting as previously thought.</p><p><strong>Registration: </strong>NCT04313621.</p>","PeriodicalId":21969,"journal":{"name":"Sports Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144175022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Examining the Effectiveness of Bike Fitting.","authors":"Rodrigo Rico Bini,Patria Hume","doi":"10.1007/s40279-025-02242-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-025-02242-1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":21969,"journal":{"name":"Sports Medicine","volume":"57 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144146143","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Era of Resistance Training as a Primary Form of Physical Activity for Physical Fitness and Health in Youth Has Come.","authors":"Helmi Chaabene,Rodrigo Ramirez-Campillo,Jason Moran,Lutz Schega,Olaf Prieske,Ingo Sandau,Yassine Negra,Martin Behrens","doi":"10.1007/s40279-025-02240-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-025-02240-3","url":null,"abstract":"Resistance training (RT) is widely regarded as the gold standard approach for enhancing muscular fitness (i.e., muscle strength, power, and muscular endurance) in youth while also providing health and physical fitness benefits traditionally associated with aerobic training (e.g., enhanced cardiorespiratory fitness, reduced body fat, improved insulin sensitivity). Additionally, while bone health can be improved following RT (particularly after plyometric jump training), aerobic training may result in a lesser or even neutral impact on bone mineral density enhancement (e.g., swimming). Regarding mental health and cognition, while aerobic training has well-established positive effects, preliminary evidence in obese youth suggests that RT may offer greater benefits in certain aspects compared to aerobic training. Additionally, RT can reduce the risk and incidence of injuries in youth. Overall, we argue in this Current Opinion article that the current consideration of RT as an additional, rather than essential (possibly even the most essential), aspect of physical activity in current national and international guidelines needs to be reconsidered. Overall, there is an urgent need to inform relevant stakeholders that, while aerobic activities remain essential, the next generation of physical activity guidelines should place greater emphasis on the particular importance of RT, providing more comprehensive guidance on its implementation for youth.","PeriodicalId":21969,"journal":{"name":"Sports Medicine","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144136655","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reply to Comment on: \"Female Tendons Are from Venus and Male Tendons Are from Mars, but Does It Matter for Tendon Health?\"","authors":"Gerard McMahon, Jill Cook","doi":"10.1007/s40279-025-02215-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-025-02215-4","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":21969,"journal":{"name":"Sports Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144128714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Potential Short- and Long-Term Physiological Effects of Ischemic Preconditioning as an Ergogenic Aid: Revisiting Foundational Mechanisms and Applications.","authors":"Moacir Marocolo,Hiago L R Souza,Pia Surke,Alexander Ferrauti","doi":"10.1007/s40279-025-02232-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-025-02232-3","url":null,"abstract":"Ischemic preconditioning (IPC) has emerged as a promising intervention for enhancing health- and exercise-related outcomes. Initially recognized in the 1980s and 1990s for its cardioprotective effects in clinical and animal studies, IPC has since garnered attention for its potential ergogenic benefits. Despite growing interest, the underlying physiological mechanisms remain poorly understood, leading to research exploring cause-effect relationship and evaluating IPC efficacy across diverse exercise models, often yielding mixed results. This Leading Article aims to clarify proposed mechanisms by which IPC may enhance athletic performance and facilitate healing effects. Specifically, this Leading Article discusses both the immediate (short-term) and sustained (long-term) effects of IPC. Short-term effects primarily involve acute improvements in vascular function and exercise capacity, while long-term effects may include cumulative benefits such as enhanced recovery, mitigation of exercise-induced muscle damage and adaptative physiological responses. This article highlights the importance of optimizing experimental protocols by extending the time window between IPC application and testing, to maximize performance outcomes, particularly under conditions associated with muscle damage. Future research should prioritize exploring the long-term effects of IPC on performance and recovery to better understand its potential as a reliable ergogenic aid.","PeriodicalId":21969,"journal":{"name":"Sports Medicine","volume":"55 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144103686","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impacts of Physical Inactivity Models on Endothelial Function: A Systematic Review.","authors":"Joel E Harden,J David Branch,Leryn J Reynolds","doi":"10.1007/s40279-025-02238-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-025-02238-x","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUNDEndothelial dysfunction is associated with cardiovascular disease and cardiac events. Numerous studies demonstrate that a reduction in physical activity/exercise levels are associated with poor endothelial function. Yet, these studies use a plethora of models to mimic reduced activity levels which may have widely different results on endothelial function. It is pertinent to collectively review these articles to provide a comprehensive understanding of the impact of reduced activity on vascular health, as endothelial function is one of many factors that influences vascular tone.OBJECTIVEThe purpose of this systematic review is to examine and synthesize the current literature regarding the effects of acutely (≤ ~ 2 months) reducing physical activity on endothelial function.METHODSThis systematic review contains a search of two databases (PubMed, Web of Science) conducted by two reviewers. After screening and review, the search yielded 20 studies that were appraised and reviewed.RESULTSArticles were separated into four categories based on the type of inactivity intervention: reduction in daily physical activity interventions, detraining (removal of exercise) interventions, bed rest interventions, and immobilization interventions. Acute physical inactivity interventions were largely shown to reduce upper and lower limb artery flow-mediated dilation and lower limb microvascular function.CONCLUSIONThe results indicate that those studies with increased time spent in inactivity, as well as increased severity of inactivity, were more likely to have negative endothelial function outcomes. Future research should examine differences in the severity of physical inactivity interventions regarding endothelial function.","PeriodicalId":21969,"journal":{"name":"Sports Medicine","volume":"128 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144087713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Navigating Anthropometric Assessment in Sports Settings: Perspectives from ISAK Practitioners in the UK and Ireland","authors":"Nicola Brown","doi":"10.1007/s40279-025-02218-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-025-02218-1","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Background</h3><p>Anthropometric assessment in high-performance sports is complex, requiring both physical and psychological considerations. Despite the increasing number of International Society for the Advancement of Kinanthropometry (ISAK) accredited practitioners, the ethical and practical challenges they face—particularly in applying anthropometric data within dynamic sports environments—remain underexplored.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Aim</h3><p>This qualitative study explores ISAK practitioners’ experiences of anthropometric assessment in high-performance sport, identifying key challenges and practitioner-informed strategies to enhance practice and athlete well-being.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Method</h3><p>Three on-line focus groups were conducted in August and September 2024 with 14 UK- and Ireland-based practitioners (11 female, three male), aged 44.0 ± 7.2 years. Participants had 10.6 ± 5.5 years of experience as ISAK Level 3 accredited practitioners and 11.0 ± 5.9 years of experience providing anthropometric support in sport, with 92% having worked at the international level. A semi-structured topic guide was used to facilitate discussion, and data analysis followed Braun and Clarke’s reflexive thematic analysis framework.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>Three key themes were identified: (1) Holistic athlete care: Integrating anthropometric and performance data; (2) Bridging the gap: Enhancing education and training for real-world application; and (3) Challenging the status quo: Addressing cultural and organisational barriers. Participants emphasised the importance of holistic, individualised approaches to anthropometric assessment that resist reductionist views of body metrics. They advocated for structured mentorship, expanded professional development, and greater interdisciplinary collaboration to support ethical and effective practice.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusions</h3><p>Entrenched data-driven cultures and hierarchical structures hinder athlete-centred care. Overcoming these barriers requires collaboration between regulatory bodies, ISAK practitioners, and multidisciplinary teams. Integrating frameworks such as Entrusted Professional Activities and Communities of Practice, alongside experiential learning approaches, will enhance practitioner autonomy and ensure anthropometric assessment remains both effective and athlete centred.</p>","PeriodicalId":21969,"journal":{"name":"Sports Medicine","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144067157","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Association Between Age of First Exposure to American Football at a Young Age and Later-Life Health Issues in Healthy, Community-Dwelling Adults.","authors":"Grant H Rigney,John E Dugan,Anthony Bishay,Soren Jonzzon,Jacob Jo,Kristen L Williams,Scott L Zuckerman,Douglas P Terry","doi":"10.1007/s40279-025-02239-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-025-02239-w","url":null,"abstract":"INTRODUCTIONYounger age of first exposure (AFE) to American Football (football) is associated with later-life health problems among former professional athletes in several studies; however, studies examining amateur (i.e., nonprofessional) athletes are less clear.OBJECTIVEIn a cohort of former amateur American Football players, this study assessed whether AFE to football was associated with: (1) psychiatric and neurobehavioral symptoms, (2) cognitive difficulties, (3) general health problems, (4) motor symptoms, and (5) functional status.METHODSA cross-sectional survey study was conducted using the ResearchMatch platform. The key independent variable was age of first exposure to football (AFE < 12 versus AFE ≥ 12). Main outcomes included depressive symptoms (Patient Health Questionnaire-9; PHQ-9), anxiety symptoms (Generalized Anxiety Disorders-7; GAD-7), cognitive difficulties (British Columbia Cognitive Complaints Inventory; BC-CCI), Neurobehavioral Symptom Inventory (NSI) score, and prevalence of other health problems. Multivariable regressions were assessed for associations between AFE and outcome variables.RESULTSIn total, 107 male participants with exposure to football (mean age: 60.6 ± 15.1 years) reported an average of 4.2 ± 2.7 years of exposure to football, with an average AFE of 11.7 ± 3.1 years. In multivariable analyses, AFE < 12 was not a significant predictor of PHQ-9 (unstandardized beta, B: 0.51, standard error, SE: 1.25, p = 0.682), GAD-7 (B: 0.09, SE: 0.95, p = 0.926), NSI (B: - 0.56, SE: 2.93, p = 0.850), or BC-CCI (B: - 0.65, SE: 0.77, p = 0.403). However, more prior concussions were associated with worse PHQ-9 (B: 0.44, SE: 0.10, p < 0.001), GAD-7 (B: 0.33, SE: 0.07, p < 0.001), NSI (B: 1.04, SE: 0.23, p < 0.001), and BC-CCI scores (B: 0.26, SE: 0.06, p < 0.001). AFE < 12 did not predict general health problems or independent functional status.CONCLUSIONSAFE to football was not associated with adverse psychiatric, cognitive, neurobehavioral, or general health outcomes among young, former amateur American Football players. However, more lifetime concussions were associated with adverse cognitive and psychiatric health outcomes. Future studies should examine similar outcomes in older cohorts with more comorbidities to further minimize potential confounding between general health and lack of later-life symptoms.","PeriodicalId":21969,"journal":{"name":"Sports Medicine","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143945384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating the Probability of Head Acceleration Events in Elite Men’s and Women’s Rugby Union Match-Play: The Impact of Tackle Height and Body Position","authors":"Cameron Owen, Greg Roe, James Tooby, Thomas Sawczuk, James Brown, Matt Cross, Éanna Falvey, Sharief Hendricks, Simon Kemp, Lindsay Starling, Keith Stokes, Ross Tucker, Ben Jones","doi":"10.1007/s40279-025-02241-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-025-02241-2","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Background</h3><p>Head acceleration events (HAEs) are an increasing concern in collision sports owing to potential negative health outcomes.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Objectives</h3><p>The objective of this study is to describe the probabilities of HAEs in tackles of differing heights and body positions in elite men’s and women’s rugby union.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>Instrumented mouthguards (iMGs) were worn in men’s (<i>n</i> = 24 teams, 508 players, 782 observations) and women’s (<i>n</i> = 26 teams, 350 players, 1080 observations) rugby union matches. Tackle height (i.e. point of contact on ball-carrier) and body positions of tacklers and ball-carriers were labelled for all tackles in which a player wore an iMG. HAEs from the initial impact were identified. Mean player, tackler and ball-carrier exceedance probabilities for various peak linear and angular acceleration thresholds were estimated from ordinal mixed-effects models.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>Contact with ball-carriers’ head/neck resulted in the highest mean HAE probabilities for both sexes. The probability of an HAE to the ball-carrier decreased as tackle height lowered. The highest probability for the tackler was initial contact to the ball-carriers upper leg. Body position influenced the probability of HAEs, with falling/diving ball-carriers resulting in higher mean probabilities. When a player, regardless of role, was bent-at-waist, elevated HAE probabilities were observed in men’s competitions. Women’s data demonstrated similar probabilities of an HAE for all body positions.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusions</h3><p>Initial contact to the ball-carrier’s head/neck had the highest chance of an HAE, whilst role-specific differences are apparent for different tackle heights and body positions. Future player-welfare strategies targeting contact events should therefore consider HAE mechanisms along with current literature.</p>","PeriodicalId":21969,"journal":{"name":"Sports Medicine","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143920478","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association Between the c.34C > T (rs17602729) Polymorphism of the AMPD1 Gene and the Status of Endurance and Power Athletes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.","authors":"Jihan Kartibou,El Mokhtar El Ouali,Juan Del Coso,Anthony C Hackney,Abderrazak Rfaki,Ayoub Saeidi,Rawad El Hage,Urs Granacher,Abdelhalem Mesfioui,Hassane Zouhal","doi":"10.1007/s40279-025-02202-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-025-02202-9","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUNDPrevious research has shown that variants in the AMPD1 gene, which encodes the adenosine monophosphate deaminase 1 (AMPD1) protein, may affect energy supply of the muscle and fatigue resistance during high-intensity exercise. A single nucleotide substitution in this gene, specifically a cytosine-to-thymine substitution (c.34C &gt; T; rs17602729), results in a nonsense mutation that causes a deficiency in the AMPD1 protein. Deficiency of the AMPD1 protein due to this polymorphism can influence exercise performance, ultimately affecting the likelihood of reaching the status of elite endurance or power athlete.OBJECTIVEThis systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to investigate the distribution of CC, CT, and TT genotypes of the AMPD1 c.34C &gt; T polymorphism (rs17602729) in endurance and power athletes to assess potential associations between this polymorphism and elite athlete status.METHODSStudies investigating genotype distribution in the AMPD1 c.34C &gt; T (rs17602729) polymorphism in endurance and/or power athletes were searched for in four electronic databases (PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Science Direct). The studies were selected and the genotypic and allelic frequencies of the AMPD1 c.34C &gt; T (rs17602729) polymorphism were extracted if data for endurance and/or power athletes were compared with controls (non-athletes). Meta-analyses were computed using fixed or random effects models to calculate odds ratios (OR) with confidence interval (95% CI). Heterogeneity of the meta-analyses was reported using I2 statistics.RESULTSAfter examining 1229 studies on the distribution of the AMPD1 c.34C &gt; T (rs17602729) polymorphism in endurance and/or power athletes, 20 studies were considered eligible to be included in our meta-analysis. The studies were conducted in 11 different countries, including 5717 participants. There was a higher frequency of the CC genotype (OR 1.72; 95% CI 1.40-2.12; p &lt; 0.00001) in endurance athletes compared with non-athletic controls with a lower frequency of CT (OR 0.61; 95% CI 0.49-0.75; p &lt; 0.00001) and TT genotypes in endurance athletes versus non-athletic controls (OR 0.43; 95% CI 0.19-0.97; p = 0.04). A higher frequency of the CC genotype was also observed in power athletes compared with controls (OR 2.17; 95% CI 1.69-2.78; p &lt; 0.00001) with a lower frequency of the CT (OR 0.51; 95% CI 0.39-0.65; p &lt; 0.00001) and TT genotypes (OR 0.25; 95% CI 0.09-0.68; p = 0.007) in power athletes compared with controls. Overall, the genotype distribution of the AMPD1 c.34C &gt; T polymorphism (rs17602729) was similar in endurance and power athletes (OR between 0.76 and 1.39; p = 0.47-0.72).CONCLUSIONOur findings indicate that the CC genotype was overrepresented in endurance and power athletes compared with controls, suggesting that possessing two copies of the C allele of the AMPD1 c.34C &gt; T (rs17602729) polymorphism may be associated with a 1.72-2.17 times greater likelihood of achieving elite or sub-elite athlete status in disc","PeriodicalId":21969,"journal":{"name":"Sports Medicine","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143915042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}