Sports Medicine最新文献

{"title":"The Overflow Effects of Movement Behaviour Change Interventions for Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomised Controlled Trials","authors":"Jie Feng, Wendy Yajun Huang, Chen Zheng, Jiao Jiao, Asaduzzaman Khan, Mehwish Nisar, Stephen Heung-Sang Wong","doi":"10.1007/s40279-024-02113-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-024-02113-1","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Background</h3><p>Considering the finite time within a 24-h day, the distribution of time spent on movement behaviours has been found to be associated with health outcomes.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Objectives</h3><p>This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to summarise and evaluate the overflow effects of interventions targeting a single behaviour (physical activity, sedentary behaviour/screen time, or sleep) on other non-targeted behaviours among children and adolescents.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>Six databases (MEDLINE [Ovid], PsycINFO [ProQuest], EMBASE [Ovid], PubMed, Web of Science and SPORTDiscus [EBSCO]) were searched for relevant studies published before 13 May, 2024. Randomised controlled trials and clustered randomised controlled trials that targeted a single behaviour and also assessed the effects on non-targeted behaviours, comprised of healthy children under the age of 18 years, were included. Movement behaviours can be measured either objectively or subjectively. The revised Cochrane risk-of-bias tool for randomised trials was adopted to evaluate the risk of bias.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>A total of 102 studies with 45,998 participants from 21 countries were identified, and 60 of them with 26,183 participants were incorporated into the meta-analysis. The meta-analysis demonstrated that physical activity interventions led to a reduction in the proportion of each day spent in sedentary behaviour (mean difference = − 0.95% of wear time, 95% confidence interval − 1.44, − 0.45, <i>I</i>² = 39%). Sedentary behaviour interventions resulted in increased standing time (mean difference = 3.87%, 95% confidence interval 1.99, 5.75, <i>I</i>² = 0%). Interventions targeting screen time did not yield changes in physical activity or sleep. The findings on the effectiveness of sleep interventions on non-targeted behaviours and of physical activity interventions on sleep were inconclusive.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusions</h3><p>Overall, the findings suggested that interventions aimed at increasing physical activity or reducing sedentary behaviour had overflow effects on non-targeted behaviours, but the effect sizes were small. Additional evidence is needed to reach definitive conclusions regarding the impact of behaviour change interventions on sleep and of the overflow effects of sleep interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":21969,"journal":{"name":"Sports Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":9.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142236363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physiological Data of Kilian Jornet During the Victory of UTMB 2022: An Exceptional Report of Maximal Metabolical Limits","authors":"Jesús Álvarez-Herms, Kilian Jornet","doi":"10.1007/s40279-024-02091-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-024-02091-4","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":21969,"journal":{"name":"Sports Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":9.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142236362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Machine Learning Approach to Concussion Risk Estimation Among Players Exhibiting Visible Signs in Professional Hockey","authors":"Jared M. Bruce, Kaitlin E. Riegler, Willem Meeuwisse, Paul Comper, Michael G. Hutchison, J. Scott Delaney, Ruben J. Echemendia","doi":"10.1007/s40279-024-02112-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-024-02112-2","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Background</h3><p>The identification of concussion risk factors, such as visible signs and mechanisms of injury, improves concussion identification. Exploring individual risk factors, such as concussion history, may help to improve existing concussion risk models and algorithms.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Objectives</h3><p>The primary aim of the current study was to use machine learning techniques to develop a comprehensive, prospectively coded concussion risk model in professional hockey among players exhibiting visible signs. The secondary aim was to examine whether including concussion history improves model performance.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>Data from the National Hockey League (NHL) spotter program, including coded visible signs and mechanisms of injury associated with possible concussive events, were extracted from the 2018–2019 to the 2021–2022 seasons. Each unique spotter event was matched with data extracted from the medical record to determine whether the event was associated with a subsequent physician diagnosed concussion. We compared the ability of three machine learning-based approaches to identify the likelihood of physician diagnosed concussion: conditional inference tree, conditional inference random forest, and logistic regression.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>A total of 1563 unique events with visible signs were identified by spotters (183 leading to a concussion diagnosis). A randomly selected training sample had 1250 events (146 concussions) and the remaining set-aside test sample had 313 events (37 concussions). The obtained models performed at a high level with large effects in the training [area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) = 0.79] and set-aside test data (AUC = 0.82). Concussion history was retained in the tree and logistic regression models, with each additional prior concussion associated with a 1.32 times increased odds of concussion diagnosis.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusions</h3><p>We present simple tree and logistic algorithms for concussion screening and as diagnostic aids. Our results show that player concussion history can explain additional risk above and beyond that explained by visible signs and mechanisms of injury alone.</p>","PeriodicalId":21969,"journal":{"name":"Sports Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":9.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142235107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Does Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport (REDs) Syndrome Exist?","authors":"Asker E. Jeukendrup, Jose L. Areta, Lara Van Genechten, Carl Langan-Evans, Charles R. Pedlar, Gil Rodas, Craig Sale, Neil P. Walsh","doi":"10.1007/s40279-024-02108-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-024-02108-y","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;Relative energy deficiency in sport (REDs) is a widely adopted model, originally proposed by an International Olympic Committee (IOC) expert panel in 2014 and recently updated in an IOC 2023 consensus statement. The model describes how low energy availability (LEA) causes a wide range of deleterious health and performance outcomes in athletes. With increasing frequency, sports practitioners are diagnosing athletes with “REDs,” or “REDs syndrome,” based largely upon symptom presentation. The purpose of this review is not to “debunk” REDs but to challenge dogmas and encourage rigorous scientific processes. We critically discuss the REDs concept and existing empirical evidence available to support the model. The consensus (IOC 2023) is that energy availability, which is at the core of REDs syndrome, is impossible to measure accurately enough in the field, and therefore, the only way to diagnose an athlete with REDs appears to be by studying symptom presentation and risk factors. However, the symptoms are rather generic, and the causes likely multifactorial. Here we discuss that (1) it is very difficult to isolate the effects of LEA from other potential causes of the same symptoms (in the laboratory but even more so in the field); (2) the model is grounded in the idea that one factor causes symptoms rather than a combination of factors adding up to the etiology. For example, the model does not allow for high allostatic load (psychophysiological “wear and tear”) to explain the symptoms; (3) the REDs diagnosis is by definition biased because one is trying to prove that the correct diagnosis is REDs, by excluding other potential causes (referred to as differential diagnosis, although a differential diagnosis is supposed to find the cause, not demonstrate that it is a pre-determined cause); (4) observational/cross-sectional studies have typically been short duration (&lt; 7 days) and do not address the long term “problematic LEA,” as described in the IOC 2023 consensus statement; and (5) the evidence is not as convincing as it is sometimes believed to be (i.e., many practitioners believe REDs is well established). Very few studies can demonstrate causality between LEA and symptoms, most studies demonstrate associations and there is a worrying number of (narrative) reviews on the topic, relative to original research. Here we suggest that the athlete is best served by an unbiased approach that places health at the center, leaving open all possible explanations for the presented symptoms. Practitioners could use a checklist that addresses eight categories of potential causes and involve the relevant experts if and when needed. The Athlete Health and Readiness Checklist (AHaRC) we introduce here simply consists of tools that have already been developed by various expert/consensus statements to monitor and troubleshoot aspects of athlete health and performance issues. Isolating the purported effects of LEA from the myriad of other potential causes of REDs ","PeriodicalId":21969,"journal":{"name":"Sports Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":9.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142235106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Epidemiological Principles in Claims of Causality: An Enquiry into Repetitive Head Impacts (RHI) and Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy (CTE)","authors":"Lauren V. Fortington, J. David Cassidy, Rudolph J. Castellani, Andrew J. Gardner, Andrew S. McIntosh, Michael Austen, Zachary Yukio Kerr, Kenneth L. Quarrie","doi":"10.1007/s40279-024-02102-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-024-02102-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Determining whether repetitive head impacts (RHI) cause the development of chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE)-neuropathological change (NC) and whether pathological changes cause clinical syndromes are topics of considerable interest to the global sports medicine community. In 2022, an article was published that used the Bradford Hill criteria to evaluate the claim that RHI cause CTE. The publication garnered international media attention and has since been promoted as definitive proof that causality has been established. Our counterpoint presents an appraisal of the published article in terms of the claims made and the scientific literature used in developing those claims. We conclude that the evidence provided does not justify the causal claims. We discuss how causes are conceptualised in modern epidemiology and highlight shortcomings in the current definitions and measurement of exposures (RHI) and outcomes (CTE). We address the Bradford Hill arguments that are used as evidence in the original review and conclude that assertions of causality having been established are premature. Members of the scientific community must be cautious of making causal claims until the proposed exposures and outcomes are well defined and consistently measured, and findings from appropriately designed studies have been published. Evaluating and reflecting on the quality of research is a crucial step in providing accurate evidence-based information to the public.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Graphical abstract</h3>","PeriodicalId":21969,"journal":{"name":"Sports Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":9.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142233456","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Time Course of Injury Risk After Return-to-Play in Professional Football (Soccer)","authors":"Guangze Zhang, Michel Brink, Karen aus der Fünten, Tobias Tröß, Peter Willeit, Tim Meyer, Koen Lemmink, Anne Hecksteden","doi":"10.1007/s40279-024-02103-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-024-02103-3","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Background</h3><p>Injury risk in professional football (soccer) is increased in the weeks following return-to-play (RTP). However, the time course of injury risk after RTP (the hazard curve) as well as its influencing factors are largely unknown. This knowledge gap, which is arguably due to the volatility of instantaneous risk when calculated for short time intervals, impedes on informed RTP decision making and post-RTP player management.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Objectives</h3><p>This study aimed to characterize the hazard curve for non-contact time-loss injuries after RTP in male professional football and to investigate the influence of the severity of the index injury and playing position.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>Media-based injury records from the first German football league were collected over four seasons as previously published. Time-to-event analysis was employed for non-contact time-loss injury after RTP. The Kaplan–Meier survival function was used to calculate the cumulative hazard function, from which the continuous hazard function was retrieved by derivation.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>There were 1623 observed and 1520 censored events from 646 players analyzed. The overall shape of the hazard curve was compatible with an exponential decline of injury risk, from an approximately two-fold level shortly after RTP towards baseline, with a half-time of about 4 weeks. Interestingly, the peak of the hazard curve was slightly delayed for moderate and more clearly for severe index injuries.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusions</h3><p>The time course of injury risk after RTP (the hazard curve) can be characterized based on the Kaplan–Meier model. The shape of the hazard curve and its influencing factors are of practical as well as methodological relevance and warrant further investigation.</p>","PeriodicalId":21969,"journal":{"name":"Sports Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":9.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142231205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Conservative Management and Postoperative Return to Sport in Endurance Athletes with Flow Limitations in the Iliac Arteries: A Scoping Review","authors":"Jem I. Arnold, Alishah Mawji, Kathryn Stene, David C. Taylor, Michael S. Koehle","doi":"10.1007/s40279-024-02105-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-024-02105-1","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Background</h3><p>Flow limitations in the iliac arteries (FLIA) is a sport-related vascular condition increasingly recognised as an occupational risk for professional cyclists and other endurance athletes. Surgical reconstruction is the definitive treatment for athletes wishing to continue competition. However, less information has been published regarding conservative management options and return-to-sport (RTS) guidelines.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Objective</h3><p>Our aim was to review the existing literature on conservative treatment of FLIA, identify knowledge gaps and propose an RTS framework for athletes returning to competition.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>A comprehensive literature review was performed using the Ovid-MEDLINE, PubMed, Embase and PEDro databases for publications relevant to conservative management of FLIA. A scoping review was conducted following PRISMA-ScR guidelines. Original, peer-reviewed publications in English describing conservative or postoperative management for athletes with FLIA were included. Additional grey literature and clinical expertise were consulted to inform RTS guidelines.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>Overall, 62 studies were included in this review. In total, 11 categories of conservative modalities were extracted and presented qualitatively in terms of the information source (discussion or results statements) and perspective of the authors (positive, negative or mixed). We have proposed RTS guidelines covering pre-operative preparation and postoperative rehabilitation based on the available literature, clinical experience, and drawing from other areas of sports medicine research.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusion</h3><p>There is insufficient literature evaluating the effectiveness of conservative management options for FLIA to establish best practices. Considering the importance of RTS for competitive athletes, we proposed practical guidelines to help with clinician and patient decision making. Future consensus should be sought for RTS best practices.</p>","PeriodicalId":21969,"journal":{"name":"Sports Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":9.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142174958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"“Health is Just the Basic Requirement for Optimal Performance and Winning”: Stakeholders’ Perceptions on Testing and Training in Competitive Alpine Skiing, Snowboarding and Freestyle Skiing","authors":"Oriol Bonell Monsonís, Peter Balsiger, Evert Verhagen, Vincent Gouttebarge, Jörg Spörri, Caroline Bolling","doi":"10.1007/s40279-024-02106-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-024-02106-0","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Background and Objective</h3><p>Competitive alpine skiing, snowboarding and freestyle skiing, all different in nature and risks, are known for their high injury and illness burden. Testing measures and training methods may be considered for athletes’ preparation to support performance enhancement while safeguarding their health. We explored the perspectives and perceptions of competitive alpine skiing, snowboarding and freestyle skiing stakeholders regarding testing and training practices in their competitive snow sports.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>We conducted an exploratory qualitative study based on grounded theory principles through 13 semi-structured interviews about testing and training practices with athletes, on-snow and off-snow coaches, managers and healthcare providers from different national teams. The interviews were inductively analysed through a constant comparative data analysis.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>Participants described winning as the end goal of testing and training practices, which requires athletes to perform in their best condition. To do so, they mentioned two main targets: performance enhancement and health protection. Participants acknowledged health as a premise to perform optimally, considering testing and monitoring approaches, goal setting, and training to support and protect athlete performance. This continuous cyclic process is driven by communication and shared decision making among all stakeholders, using testing and monitoring outputs to inform goal setting, training (e.g. on-snow and off-snow) and injury prevention. Such an approach helps athletes achieve their goal of winning while being fit and healthy throughout their short-term and long-term athletic career development.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusions</h3><p>The ultimate goal of testing measures and training methods in such competitive snow sports is winning. Performance enhancement and health protection act as pillars in systematic, tailored and flexible processes to guarantee athletes’ best preparation to perform. Moreover, athletes’ assessments, goal setting, monitoring tools, open communication and shared decision making strongly guide this cyclic process.</p>","PeriodicalId":21969,"journal":{"name":"Sports Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":9.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142231204","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Influence of Playing Position on Physical, Physiological, and Technical Demands in Adult Male Soccer Matches: A Systematic Scoping Review with Evidence Gap Map","authors":"Hugo Sarmento, Diogo V. Martinho, Élvio R. Gouveia, José Afonso, Paweł Chmura, Adam Field, Nestor Ordoñez Savedra, Rafael Oliveira, Gibson Praça, Rui Silva, Joel Barrera-Díaz, Filipe Manuel Clemente","doi":"10.1007/s40279-024-02088-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-024-02088-z","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Background</h3><p>There has been an increase in studies examining the demands of soccer relative to each playing position in recent years. Understanding the physical, physiological, and technical demands on soccer players according to their positional role during competitive matches is necessary to understand match requirements and develop position-specific training practices. Thereby, there is a clear need to synthesize the information on the different profiles of each playing position.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Objective</h3><p>This review aimed to organize the literature investigating physical, physiological, and technical demands according to playing positions and provide a framework to identify gaps and suggestions for future studies.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>A systematic search was conducted in October 2023 using four electronic databases: Web of Science, SPORTDiscus, PubMed and Scopus. The review followed PRISMA 2020 guidelines and the PRISMA-ScR extension for Scoping Reviews. The studies were included if the sample comprised adult male soccer players categorized from Tier 3 to Tier 5 (i.e., highly trained/national level, elite/international level, or world class) and compared the physical, physiological, or technical parameters across playing positions.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>A total of 178 studies met the inclusion criteria and were included in the review. The number of teams, players, and matches analyzed per study varied considerably. Although a range of classifications were reported across studies, 59% of studies classified players as central defenders, full-backs, central midfielders, wide midfielders, and forwards. The findings suggests that central and external midfielders, and external defenders cover greater total and high-speed distance than forwards or central defenders. Sprint distance was higher in external midfielders versus all other positions. Defenders and central midfielders perform more passes than external midfielders and forwards. Heart rate was the most commonly reported physiological variable across playing positions. When expressed as a percentage of maximal heart rate, midfielders presented higher mean values than all other playing positions.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusion</h3><p>This scoping review demonstrates that there are differences in the demands on players across playing positions in soccer. Training practices in soccer should be based on the specific requirements of each positional role to ensure players can fulfill their tactical responsibilities during the game.</p>","PeriodicalId":21969,"journal":{"name":"Sports Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":9.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142170720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Childhood Physical Fitness as a Predictor of Cognition and Mental Health in Adolescence: The PANIC Study","authors":"Eero A. Haapala, Marja H. Leppänen, Hannamari Skog, David R. Lubans, Anna Viitasalo, Niina Lintu, Petri Jalanko, Sara Määttä, Timo A. Lakka","doi":"10.1007/s40279-024-02107-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-024-02107-z","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Background</h3><p>Cognitive and mental health problems are highly prevalent in adolescence. While higher levels of physical fitness may mitigate these problems, there is a lack of long-term follow-up studies on the associations of physical fitness from childhood with cognition and mental health in adolescence.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Objective</h3><p>We investigated the associations of physical fitness from childhood to adolescence over an 8-year follow-up with cognition and mental health in adolescence.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>The participants were 241 adolescents (112 girls), who were 6–9 years at baseline and 15–17 years at 8-year follow-up. Average and change scores for cardiorespiratory fitness (maximal power output [<i>W</i>_max]; peak oxygen uptake [<i>V</i>O_2peak]), motor fitness (10 × 5-m shuttle run), and muscular fitness (standing long jump; hand grip strength) were calculated. Global cognition score was computed from six individual cognitive tasks, and perceived stress and depressive symptoms were assessed at the 8-year follow-up. The data were analysed using linear regression models adjusted for age, sex, and parental education.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>Average motor fitness was positively associated with global cognition score (standardised regression coefficient [<i>β</i>] − 0.164, 95% confidence interval [CI] − 0.318 to − 0.010) and inversely with perceived stress (<i>β</i> = 0.182, 95% CI 0.032–0.333) and depressive symptoms (<i>β</i> = 0.181, 95% CI 0.028–0.333). Average cardiorespiratory fitness was inversely associated with perceived stress (<i>W</i>_max: <i>β</i> = − 0.166, 95% CI − 0.296 to − 0.036; <i>V</i>O_2peak: <i>β</i> = − 0.149, 95% CI − 0.295 to − 0.002) and depressive symptoms (<i>W</i>_max: <i>β</i> = − 0.276, 95% CI − 0.405 to − 0.147; <i>V</i>O_2peak: <i>β</i> = − 0.247, 95% CI − 0.393 to − 0.102). A larger increase in cardiorespiratory fitness was associated with lower perceived stress (<i>W</i>_max: <i>β</i> = − 0.158, 95% CI − 0.312 to − 0.003; <i>V</i>O_2peak: <i>β</i> = − 0.220, 95% CI − 0.395 to − 0.044) and depressive symptoms (<i>W</i>_max: <i>β</i> = − 0.216, 95% CI − 0.371 to − 0.061; <i>V</i>O_2peak: β = − 0.257, 95% CI − 0.433 to − 0.080).</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusions</h3><p>Higher levels of motor fitness in childhood and adolescence were associated with better cognition in adolescence. Higher levels of and larger increases in cardiorespiratory fitness from childhood to adolescence were associated with better mental health in adolescence.</p>","PeriodicalId":21969,"journal":{"name":"Sports Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":9.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142160446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}