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Intra-apheresis Cycling to Improve the Clinical Efficacy of Peripheral Blood Stem Cell Donations
IF 9.8 1区 医学
Sports Medicine Pub Date : 2025-04-15 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-025-02183-9
Alex J. Wadley, Fendi Pradana, Tarondeep Nijjar, Mark T. Drayson, Samuel J. E. Lucas, Francesca A. M. Kinsella, Phoebe A. Cox
{"title":"Intra-apheresis Cycling to Improve the Clinical Efficacy of Peripheral Blood Stem Cell Donations","authors":"Alex J. Wadley, Fendi Pradana, Tarondeep Nijjar, Mark T. Drayson, Samuel J. E. Lucas, Francesca A. M. Kinsella, Phoebe A. Cox","doi":"10.1007/s40279-025-02183-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-025-02183-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Peripheral blood stem cell (PBSC) donation is the primary procedure used to collect haemopoietic stem cells (HSCs) for transplantation in individuals with haematological malignancies. More than 90,000 HSC transplants take place globally each year, and there is an increasing need to guarantee HSC mobilisation, improve tolerability to apheresis, and optimise immune reconstitution. Currently, mobilisation of HSCs depends upon pharmacological agents, with donors inactive during their subsequent apheresis. A successful yield of HSCs is not always achieved, and greater efficiency of collection procedures would improve the donors’ safety and experience, along with the overall functioning of apheresis departments. The mobilisation of immune cells during bouts of exercise has been increasingly studied over the past 40 years. Exercise enriches peripheral blood with HSCs and immune cells such as cytolytic natural killer cells, and these may impact upon collection efficiency and patient outcomes following transplantation. Using exercise in conjunction with routine pharmaceutical agents may meet these needs. This article describes the impact of exercise on the quantity and engraftment potential of HSCs. Given that PBSC collections take on average 3–4 h per day per donor, and often consecutive days to complete, particular attention is paid to adopting interval exercise in this setting. Moreover, practical and safety considerations for allogeneic and autologous donors are discussed. ‘Intra-apheresis cycling’ is proposed as a feasible adjunctive strategy to evoke clinically significant improvements in the quality of the immune graft. Further research is needed to validate this concept in conjunction with routine mobilisation agents.</p>","PeriodicalId":21969,"journal":{"name":"Sports Medicine","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143832464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Predicting VO2max Using Lung Function and Three-Dimensional (3D) Allometry Provides New Insights into the Allometric Cascade (M0.75)
IF 9.8 1区 医学
Sports Medicine Pub Date : 2025-04-13 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-025-02208-3
Alan M. Nevill, Matthew Wyon, Jonathan Myers, Matthew P. Harber, Ross Arena, Tony D. Myers, Leonard A. Kaminsky
{"title":"Predicting VO2max Using Lung Function and Three-Dimensional (3D) Allometry Provides New Insights into the Allometric Cascade (M0.75)","authors":"Alan M. Nevill, Matthew Wyon, Jonathan Myers, Matthew P. Harber, Ross Arena, Tony D. Myers, Leonard A. Kaminsky","doi":"10.1007/s40279-025-02208-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-025-02208-3","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Background</h3><p>Using directly measured cardiorespiratory fitness (i.e. VO<sub>2max</sub>) in epidemiological/population studies is rare due to practicality issues. As such, predicting VO<sub>2max</sub> is an attractive alternative. Most equations that predict VO<sub>2max</sub> adopt additive rather than multiplicative models despite evidence that the latter provides superior fits and more biologically interpretable models. Furthermore, incorporating some but not all confounding variables may lead to inflated mass exponents (∝ <i>M</i><sup>0.75</sup>) as in the allometric cascade.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Objective</h3><p>Hence, the purpose of the current study was to develop multiplicative, allometric models to predict VO<sub>2max</sub> incorporating most well-known, but some less well-known confounding variables (FVC, forced vital capacity; FEV<sub>1</sub>, forced expiratory volume in 1 s) that might provide a more dimensionally valid model (∝ <i>M</i><sup>2/3</sup>) originally proposed by Astrand and Rodahl.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>We adopted the following three-dimensional multiplicative allometric model for VO<sub>2max</sub> (l⋅min<sup>−1</sup>) = <i>M</i><sup><i>k</i>1</sup>·HT<sup><i>k</i>2</sup>·WC<sup><i>k</i>3</sup>·exp(<i>a</i> + <i>b</i>·age + <i>c</i>·age<sup>2</sup> + <i>d</i>·%fat)·ε, (<i>M</i>, body mass; HT, height; WC, waist circumference; %fat, percentage body fat). Model comparisons (goodness-of-fit) between the allometric and equivalent additive models was assessed using the Akaike information criterion plus residual diagnostics. Note that the intercept term ‘<i>a</i>’ was allowed to vary for categorical fixed factors such as sex and physical inactivity.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>Analyses revealed that significant predictors of VO<sub>2max</sub> were physical inactivity, <i>M</i>, WC, age<sup>2</sup>, %fat, plus FVC, FEV<sub>1</sub>. The body-mass exponent was <i>k</i><sub>1</sub> = 0.695 (<i>M</i><sup>0.695</sup>), approximately∝<i>M</i><sup>2/3</sup>. However, the calculated effect-sizes identified age<sup>2</sup> and physical inactivity, not mass, as the strongest predictors of VO<sub>2max</sub>. The quality-of-fit of the allometric models were superior to equivalent additive models.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusions</h3><p>Results provide compelling evidence that multiplicative allometric models incorporating FVC and FEV<sub>1</sub> are dimensionally and theoretically superior at predicting VO<sub>2max</sub>(l⋅min<sup>−1</sup>) compared with additive models. If FVC and FEV<sub>1</sub> are unavailable, a satisfactory model was obtained simply by using HT as a surrogate.</p>","PeriodicalId":21969,"journal":{"name":"Sports Medicine","volume":"112 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143827312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Nutritional Strategies to Improve Post-exercise Recovery and Subsequent Exercise Performance: A Narrative Review 改善运动后恢复和后续运动表现的营养策略:叙述性综述
IF 9.8 1区 医学
Sports Medicine Pub Date : 2025-04-12 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-025-02213-6
Alireza Naderi, Jeffrey A. Rothschild, Heitor O. Santos, Amin Hamidvand, Majid S. Koozehchian, Abdolrahman Ghazzagh, Erfan Berjisian, Tim Podlogar
{"title":"Nutritional Strategies to Improve Post-exercise Recovery and Subsequent Exercise Performance: A Narrative Review","authors":"Alireza Naderi, Jeffrey A. Rothschild, Heitor O. Santos, Amin Hamidvand, Majid S. Koozehchian, Abdolrahman Ghazzagh, Erfan Berjisian, Tim Podlogar","doi":"10.1007/s40279-025-02213-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-025-02213-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Post-exercise recovery strategies influence the body’s ability to restore physiological homeostasis, replenish energy stores, repair muscle damage, and promote desired adaptations, which improve exercise performance. This narrative review examines the impact of nutritional strategies commonly used for enhancing recovery and subsequent exercise performance, particularly when athletes face short recovery periods. Carbohydrate ingestion is essential for glycogen replenishment, especially within the initial hours post-exercise, with its impact dependent on the types, timing, and amount. Protein is essential for accelerating muscle recovery and achieving a positive nitrogen balance, depending on the type and dosage. The co-ingestion of carbohydrates with proteins or fats is explored for its role in maximizing glycogen resynthesis and muscle repair, with evidence supporting the addition of protein to suboptimal carbohydrate intake for enhanced recovery. Moreover, this review addresses the potential benefits of creatine and caffeine co-ingestion for accelerating glycogen synthesis and improving subsequent performance. Hydration strategies, including the use of milk-based beverages and electrolyte solutions, are also discussed, emphasizing their importance in maintaining fluid balance and optimizing recovery. This review also highlights the emerging role of micronutrients such as omega-3 fatty acids, antioxidants, and sodium bicarbonate in reducing muscle damage and improving acid–base balance. Evidence supports the tailored use of these nutritional strategies, particularly for athletes managing tight competition/training schedules. Future research should focus on refining individualized approaches for recovery and investigating the impact of novel supplements on subsequent performance.</p>","PeriodicalId":21969,"journal":{"name":"Sports Medicine","volume":"108 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143824872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Assessment of Aerobic Fitness and Repeated Sprint Ability in Elite Male Soccer: A Systematic Review of Test Protocols Used in Practice and Research
IF 9.8 1区 医学
Sports Medicine Pub Date : 2025-04-12 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-025-02188-4
Nikolaos D. Asimakidis, Chris Bishop, Marco Beato, Anthony N. Turner
{"title":"Assessment of Aerobic Fitness and Repeated Sprint Ability in Elite Male Soccer: A Systematic Review of Test Protocols Used in Practice and Research","authors":"Nikolaos D. Asimakidis, Chris Bishop, Marco Beato, Anthony N. Turner","doi":"10.1007/s40279-025-02188-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-025-02188-4","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\"&gt;Background&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;Soccer requires players to cover distances around 10–12 km, with numerous consecutive sprints throughout the 90-min game. As such, aerobic fitness and repeated sprint ability (RSA) are crucial physical qualities for the modern soccer player to cope with the demands of the game. However, a comprehensive and systematic search of aerobic fitness and RSA assessment procedures in elite soccer has yet to be conducted.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\"&gt;Objectives&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;The aims of this systematic review were to (1) identify the tests and outcome variables used to assess aerobic fitness and RSA of elite male soccer players, (2) provide normative values for the most common tests of aerobic fitness and RSA across different playing levels, and (3) report the reliability values of these aerobic fitness and RSA tests.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\"&gt;Methods&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;A systematic review of the academic databases MEDLINE, CINAHL, SPORTDiscus, Web of Science, and OVID for studies published until August 2023 was conducted, following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Studies were eligible for inclusion if (1) they were original research studies, published in a peer-reviewed journal, and written in English language; (2) they had the primary aim of assessing aerobic fitness and/or RSA; (3) players were male and older than 17 years of age (i.e. mean age of the group); and (4) their playing level was defined as ‘professional’, ‘international’, or ‘elite’.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\"&gt;Results&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;For aerobic fitness testing, 124 studies and 35 different tests were identified. Of those, 26 tests (74%) were field-based, whereas only nine (26%) were laboratory-based tests. The incremental treadmill test to exhaustion was the most commonly used aerobic fitness assessment method (56 studies, 45%), with maximal oxygen consumption (&lt;span&gt;(dot{V})&lt;/span&gt;O&lt;sub&gt;2max&lt;/sub&gt;) (mL/kg/min) being the most prevalent outcome variable (49 studies, 87%). The YYIR1 and YYIR2 were also commonly used tests, identified in 22 (18%) and ten studies (8%), respectively. The most frequently reported outcome variable in both tests was distance in metres, reported in 20 studies (91%) for YYIR1 and in all ten studies (100%) for YYIR2. For RSA testing, 27 studies and 18 different tests were identified. Substantial variability in the identified RSA testing protocols was observed in terms of direction (linear vs. multidirectional), sprint repetitions (6–15), sprint distance (20–40 m), type of recovery (active vs. passive), and recovery duration (10–30 s). The 6 × 40-m shuttle sprint protocol with a 180° change of direction and 20 s passive recovery was the most common RSA test, employed in eight studies (29%).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\"&gt;Conclusions&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;This systematic review provides a comprehensive overview of the testing methods used to assess aero","PeriodicalId":21969,"journal":{"name":"Sports Medicine","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143822564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Frequency and Determinants of Positive and Negative Officiating Interactions and the Relationships with Mental Ill-Health Symptoms in Sports Officials
IF 9.8 1区 医学
Sports Medicine Pub Date : 2025-04-10 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-025-02216-3
Matthew McKeen, Clare Stevinson
{"title":"The Frequency and Determinants of Positive and Negative Officiating Interactions and the Relationships with Mental Ill-Health Symptoms in Sports Officials","authors":"Matthew McKeen, Clare Stevinson","doi":"10.1007/s40279-025-02216-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-025-02216-3","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Background</h3><p>Concerns exist about the prevalence of abuse directed towards sports officials and its impact on their mental health; however, sports officiating can also be a rewarding experience.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Objectives</h3><p>The present study aimed to identify the frequency and determinants of both positive (e.g. praise, appreciation, apologies) and negative (e.g. verbal abuse, physical abuse, social media abuse) officiating interactions and to examine their independent contributions to mental ill-health symptoms.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>An online, cross-sectional survey was distributed to current or former sports officials operating on a voluntary or paid basis in the United Kingdom (UK). Participants completed validated measures of mental ill-health symptoms (Depression, Anxiety, Stress Scale) and daily hassles (LIVES-Daily Hassles Scale) and reported the frequency with which they experienced positive and negative officiating interactions.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>A total of 320 sports officials (73.8% male; mean age ± standard deviation (SD) = 49.99 ± 15.86 years) completed the survey with the most represented sports including cricket (30.3%), rugby union (24.4%) and football (soccer) [16.9%]. Regular positive officiating interactions were experienced by 90.0% of sports officials and regular negative officiating interactions by 22.2%. Logistic regression analyses revealed that male sports officials (odds ratio (OR) = 3.95; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.34, 11.65) were significantly more likely to experience regular positive interactions, while football officials (OR = 7.33; 95% CI = 1.38, 38.90) were significantly more likely to experience regular negative interactions. When controlling for daily hassles, age and sex, regular positive interactions were independently associated with lower odds of depression (OR = 0.38; 95% CI = 0.15, 0.92) and anxiety (OR = 0.33; 95% CI = 0.13, 0.82) symptoms. However, regular negative officiating interactions were not independently associated with mental ill-health symptoms.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusions</h3><p>Positive officiating interactions were commonly experienced and independently predicted lower odds of mental ill-health symptoms. Approximately one fifth of officials reported regular negative interactions, although this was notably higher among football officials. No independent association existed between negative interactions and mental ill-health symptoms, and future research should determine if positive interactions help to offset the impact of negative ones for sports officials.</p>","PeriodicalId":21969,"journal":{"name":"Sports Medicine","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143819239","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Sports Dietitians Australia and Ultra Sports Science Foundation Joint Position Statement: A Practitioner Guide to the Prevention and Management of Exercise-Associated Gastrointestinal Perturbations and Symptoms
IF 9.8 1区 医学
Sports Medicine Pub Date : 2025-04-07 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-025-02186-6
Ricardo J. S. Costa, Stephanie K. Gaskell, Kayla Henningsen, Nikki A. Jeacocke, Isabel G. Martinez, Alice Mika, Volker Scheer, Rachel Scrivin, Rhiannon M. J. Snipe, Alice M. Wallett, Pascale Young
{"title":"Sports Dietitians Australia and Ultra Sports Science Foundation Joint Position Statement: A Practitioner Guide to the Prevention and Management of Exercise-Associated Gastrointestinal Perturbations and Symptoms","authors":"Ricardo J. S. Costa, Stephanie K. Gaskell, Kayla Henningsen, Nikki A. Jeacocke, Isabel G. Martinez, Alice Mika, Volker Scheer, Rachel Scrivin, Rhiannon M. J. Snipe, Alice M. Wallett, Pascale Young","doi":"10.1007/s40279-025-02186-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-025-02186-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p>It is now well-established that exercise can disturb various aspects of gastrointestinal integrity and function. The pathophysiology of these perturbations, termed “exercise-induced gastrointestinal syndrome (EIGS),” can lead to exercise-associated gastrointestinal symptom (Ex-GIS) inconveniences. EIGS outcomes can impact physical performance and may lead to clinical manifestation warranting medical intervention, as well as systemic responses leading to fatality. Athlete support practitioners seek prevention and management strategies for EIGS and Ex-GIS. This current position statement aimed to critically appraise the role of EIGS and Ex-GIS prevention and management strategies to inform effective evidence-based practice and establish translational application. Intervention strategies with mostly consistent beneficial outcomes include macronutrient (i.e., carbohydrate and protein) intake and euhydration before and during exercise, dietary manipulation of fermentable oligo-, di-, and mono-saccharides and polyols (FODMAP), and gut training or feeding tolerance adjustments for the specific management of Ex-GIS from gastrointestinal functional issues. Strategies that may provide benefit and/or promising outcomes, but warrant further explorations include heat mitigating strategies and certain nutritional supplementation (i.e., prebiotics and phenols). Interventions that have reported negative outcomes included low-carbohydrate high-fat diets, probiotic supplementation, pharmaceutical administration, and feeding intolerances. Owing to individual variability in EIGS and Ex-GIS outcomes, athletes suffering from EIGS and/or support practitioners that guide athletes through managing EIGS, are encouraged to undertake gastrointestinal assessment during exercise to identify underlying causal and exacerbation factor/s, and adopt evidence-based strategies that provide individualized beneficial outcomes. In addition, abstaining from prevention and management strategies that present unclear and/or adverse outcomes is recommended.</p>","PeriodicalId":21969,"journal":{"name":"Sports Medicine","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143797899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Comment on: "A Machine Learning Approach to Concussion Risk Estimation Among Players Exhibiting Visible Signs in Professional Hockey". 评论"职业曲棍球运动员可见体征的脑震荡风险估计机器学习方法"。
IF 9.3 1区 医学
Sports Medicine Pub Date : 2025-04-07 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-025-02211-8
Maximilian Klemp, Robert Rein
{"title":"Comment on: \"A Machine Learning Approach to Concussion Risk Estimation Among Players Exhibiting Visible Signs in Professional Hockey\".","authors":"Maximilian Klemp, Robert Rein","doi":"10.1007/s40279-025-02211-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-025-02211-8","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":21969,"journal":{"name":"Sports Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143796491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Mechanisms Underlying Range of Motion Improvements Following Acute and Chronic Static Stretching: A Systematic Review, Meta-analysis and Multivariate Meta-regression
IF 9.8 1区 医学
Sports Medicine Pub Date : 2025-04-03 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-025-02204-7
Lewis A. Ingram, Grant R. Tomkinson, Noah M. A. d’Unienville, Bethany Gower, Sam Gleadhill, Terry Boyle, Hunter Bennett
{"title":"Mechanisms Underlying Range of Motion Improvements Following Acute and Chronic Static Stretching: A Systematic Review, Meta-analysis and Multivariate Meta-regression","authors":"Lewis A. Ingram, Grant R. Tomkinson, Noah M. A. d’Unienville, Bethany Gower, Sam Gleadhill, Terry Boyle, Hunter Bennett","doi":"10.1007/s40279-025-02204-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-025-02204-7","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\"&gt;Background&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;Static stretching (SS) is routinely used in sports and clinical settings to increase joint range of motion (ROM). However, the mechanisms underlying improvements in ROM remain unclear.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\"&gt;Objective&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;We aimed to determine the effects of a single session (acute) and multiple sessions (chronic) of SS on stretch tolerance, passive stiffness and fascicle length, and whether such effects are moderated by specific training parameters and participant characteristics. A secondary aim was to explore the mechanisms associated with improved ROM.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\"&gt;Methods&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;Seven databases (CINAHL Complete, Cochrane CENTRAL, Embase, Emcare, MEDLINE, Scopus and SPORTDiscus) were systematically searched up to 6 June, 2024. Randomised and non-randomised controlled trials investigating the effects of acute (single session) or chronic (two or more sessions) SS on muscle–tendon unit structure (fascicle length), mechanical properties (stiffness) or stretch tolerance (maximum tolerable passive resistive torque) compared to non-stretching passive controls (adults aged ≥ 18 years) were included. The effects of SS were examined using a multi-level meta-analysis, with associations between changes in maximum tolerable passive resistive torque, stiffness and fascicle length with improvements in ROM examined using multivariate meta-regression.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\"&gt;Results&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;Data from 65 studies representing 1542 adults (71% male; mean ± standard deviation age = 26.1 ± 11 years) were included. We found a small decrease in overall stiffness following both acute (Hedges’ &lt;i&gt;g&lt;/i&gt; = 0.42, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.21, 0.63, &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.001) and chronic SS (Hedges’ &lt;i&gt;g&lt;/i&gt; = 0.37, 95% confidence interval 0.18, 0.56, &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.001), and a moderate increase in maximum tolerable passive resistive torque following chronic SS (Hedges’ &lt;i&gt;g&lt;/i&gt; = 0.74, 95% CI 0.38, 1.10, &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.001). Neither acute nor chronic SS had a significant effect on fascicle length. For acute SS, greater reductions in overall stiffness were found with moderate (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.002) and high SS intensities (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.02) compared with low-intensity SS, and in individuals with normal flexibility compared with those with poor flexibility at baseline (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.001). Conversely, the effects of chronic SS on overall stiffness and maximum tolerable passive resistive torque were not moderated by stretching intensity, intervention length, baseline flexibility or sex (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &gt; 0.05). Last, improved ROM following chronic SS was significantly associated with both decreased overall stiffness (&lt;i&gt;g&lt;/i&gt; = 0.59, 95% CI 0.08, 1.10, &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.03) and increased maximum tolerable passive resistive torque (&lt;i&gt;g&lt;/i&gt; = 0.74, 95% CI 0.41, 1.09, &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.001).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\"&gt;Conclusions&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;While both acute and c","PeriodicalId":21969,"journal":{"name":"Sports Medicine","volume":"113 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143775989","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Response to Comment on: “A Machine Learning Approach to Concussion Risk Estimation Among Players Exhibiting Visible Signs in Professional Hockey”
IF 9.8 1区 医学
Sports Medicine Pub Date : 2025-04-03 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-025-02212-7
J. M. Bruce, K. E. Riegler, W. Meeuwisse, P. Comper, M. G. Hutchison, J. S. Delaney, R. J. Echemendia
{"title":"Response to Comment on: “A Machine Learning Approach to Concussion Risk Estimation Among Players Exhibiting Visible Signs in Professional Hockey”","authors":"J. M. Bruce, K. E. Riegler, W. Meeuwisse, P. Comper, M. G. Hutchison, J. S. Delaney, R. J. Echemendia","doi":"10.1007/s40279-025-02212-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-025-02212-7","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":21969,"journal":{"name":"Sports Medicine","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143767078","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Correction to: Improving National and International Surveillance of Movement Behaviours in Childhood and Adolescence: An International Modified Delphi Study.
IF 9.3 1区 医学
Sports Medicine Pub Date : 2025-04-02 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-025-02185-7
John J Reilly, Rachel Andrew, Chalchisa Abdeta, Liane B Azevedo, Nicolas Aguilar Farias, Sharon Barak, Farid Bardid, Bruno Bizzozero-Peroni, Javier Brazo-Sayavera, Jonathan Y Cagas, Mohamed-Souhaiel Chelly, Lars B Christiansen, Visnja D Djordjic, Catherine E Draper, Asmaa El-Hamdouchi, Elie-Jacques Fares, Aleš Gába, Kylie D Hesketh, Mohammad Sorowar Hossain, Wendy Huang, Alejandra Jáuregui, Sanjay K Juvekar, Nicholas Kuzik, Richard Larouche, Eun-Young Lee, Sharon Levi, Yang Liu, Marie Löf, Tom Loney, José Francisco López-Gil, Evelin Mäestu, Taru Manyanga, Clarice Martins, Maria Mendoza-Muñoz, Shawnda A Morrison, Nyaradzai Munambah, Tawonga W Mwase-Vuma, Rowena Naidoo, Reginald Ocansey, Anthony D Okely, Aoko Oluwayomi, Susan Paudel, Bee Koon Poh, Evelyn H Ribeiro, Diego Augusto Santos Silva, Mohd Razif Shahril, Melody Smith, Amanda E Staiano, Martyn Standage, Narayan Subedi, Chiaki Tanaka, Hong K Tang, David Thivel, Mark S Tremblay, Edin Uzicanin, Dimitris Vlachopoulos, E Kipling Webster, Dyah Anantalia Widyastari, Pawel Zembura, Salome Aubert
{"title":"Correction to: Improving National and International Surveillance of Movement Behaviours in Childhood and Adolescence: An International Modified Delphi Study.","authors":"John J Reilly, Rachel Andrew, Chalchisa Abdeta, Liane B Azevedo, Nicolas Aguilar Farias, Sharon Barak, Farid Bardid, Bruno Bizzozero-Peroni, Javier Brazo-Sayavera, Jonathan Y Cagas, Mohamed-Souhaiel Chelly, Lars B Christiansen, Visnja D Djordjic, Catherine E Draper, Asmaa El-Hamdouchi, Elie-Jacques Fares, Aleš Gába, Kylie D Hesketh, Mohammad Sorowar Hossain, Wendy Huang, Alejandra Jáuregui, Sanjay K Juvekar, Nicholas Kuzik, Richard Larouche, Eun-Young Lee, Sharon Levi, Yang Liu, Marie Löf, Tom Loney, José Francisco López-Gil, Evelin Mäestu, Taru Manyanga, Clarice Martins, Maria Mendoza-Muñoz, Shawnda A Morrison, Nyaradzai Munambah, Tawonga W Mwase-Vuma, Rowena Naidoo, Reginald Ocansey, Anthony D Okely, Aoko Oluwayomi, Susan Paudel, Bee Koon Poh, Evelyn H Ribeiro, Diego Augusto Santos Silva, Mohd Razif Shahril, Melody Smith, Amanda E Staiano, Martyn Standage, Narayan Subedi, Chiaki Tanaka, Hong K Tang, David Thivel, Mark S Tremblay, Edin Uzicanin, Dimitris Vlachopoulos, E Kipling Webster, Dyah Anantalia Widyastari, Pawel Zembura, Salome Aubert","doi":"10.1007/s40279-025-02185-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-025-02185-7","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":21969,"journal":{"name":"Sports Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143765146","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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