Pest Management Science最新文献

{"title":"Insecticide susceptibility of brown planthopper ( Nilaparvata lugens ) and white‐backed planthopper ( Sogatella furcifera ) in Vietnam and Japan to triflumezopyrim and other insecticides","authors":"Mizuki Matsukawa‐Nakata, Masaya Matsumura, Chung Huy Nguyen, Tho Thi Nguyen, Nhung Thi Lam, Hung Nguyen, Youichi Kobori, Sachiyo Sanada‐Morimura","doi":"10.1002/ps.71383","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ps.71383","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND <jats:italic>Nilaparvata lugens</jats:italic> (Stål) and <jats:italic>Sogatella furcifera</jats:italic> (Horváth), which are rice planthoppers that migrate from Vietnam to Japan <jats:italic>via</jats:italic> China, have developed resistance to certain insecticides. Long‐term monitoring of insecticide susceptibility in these insect pests is required to develop effective strategies for controlling their populations. However, long‐term monitoring of the insecticide susceptibility of <jats:italic>N. lugens</jats:italic> and <jats:italic>S. furcifera</jats:italic> has not yet been conducted in Vietnam. Here, we determined fluctuations in the median lethal dose (LD <jats:sub>50</jats:sub> ) values of triflumezopyrim, which is a newly developed insecticide, and other insecticides against <jats:italic>N. lugens</jats:italic> and <jats:italic>S. furcifera</jats:italic> to reveal the current trends (2018–2024) in the insecticide susceptibility of <jats:italic>N. lugens</jats:italic> and <jats:italic>S. furcifera</jats:italic> in Vietnam and Japan. RESULTS The LD <jats:sub>50</jats:sub> values of triflumezopyrim against <jats:italic>N. lugens</jats:italic> and <jats:italic>S. furcifera</jats:italic> in Vietnam and Japan remained low during the study period. The LD <jats:sub>50</jats:sub> values of neonicotinoids against <jats:italic>N. lugens</jats:italic> in both countries exhibited an increasing trend, whereas the LD <jats:sub>50</jats:sub> values of neonicotinoids against <jats:italic>S. furcifera</jats:italic> remained low. CONCLUSION We clarified species‐specific differences in insecticide susceptibility between <jats:italic>N. lugens</jats:italic> and <jats:italic>S. furcifera</jats:italic> . Similar fluctuations in the LD <jats:sub>50</jats:sub> values of the tested insecticides against <jats:italic>N. lugens</jats:italic> and <jats:italic>S. furcifera</jats:italic> in Vietnam and Japan supported the hypothesis that Vietnam is the population source of rice planthoppers that migrate to Japan. Overall, our results indicate that at present, triflumezopyrim is effective in controlling rice planthoppers in Vietnam and Japan. However, continued monitoring of insecticide susceptibility is required for insecticide resistance management in East Asia. © 2026 Society of Chemical Industry.","PeriodicalId":218,"journal":{"name":"Pest Management Science","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149172926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Wheat straw biochar enhances rhizosphere colonization of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens B1408 for biocontrol of cucumber Fusarium wilt.","authors":"Hang Yu, Jingwen Feng, Mingjie Li, Yuexuan Zhao, Yonghong Wang","doi":"10.1002/ps.71400","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ps.71400","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) offer a sustainable alternative for managing soilborne diseases, yet their field efficacy is often compromised by poor rhizosphere persistence. Here, we tracked the spatiotemporal colonization dynamics of a GFP-labeled Bacillus amyloliquefaciens B1408 strain and developed a wheat straw biochar-based formulation to overcome this bottleneck.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>At 120 days post-inoculation, the biochar formulation increased B1408 populations from 7.49 × 10³ to 4.96 × 10⁴ CFU g^-1 in the rhizosphere soil and from 1.41 × 10⁴ to 7.58 × 10⁴ CFU g^-1 on the rhizoplane, corresponding to 6.62- and 5.36-fold increases, respectively. In pot trials, the formulation reduced the cucumber Fusarium wilt disease index from 73.33% to 20%. The WSBA treatment was associated with enhanced soil nutrient-cycling enzyme and plant antioxidant enzyme activities, altered rhizosphere microbial community structure, reduced the connectivity of FOC-associated microbial co-occurrence networks, and enriched several indigenous bacterial genera, including Allorhizobium and Sphingomonas. In validation assays, Allorhizobium sp. 813 and Ensifer sp. 4724 isolated from the WSBA-treated rhizosphere significantly increased cucumber plant height and fresh weight.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings demonstrate that wheat straw biochar enhances the rhizosphere persistence and biocontrol efficacy of B1408 and is associated with changes in rhizosphere microbial composition and network connectivity. This formulation provides a promising strategy for improving the stability and performance of B. amyloliquefaciens-based biocontrol agents. © 2026 Society of Chemical Industry.</p>","PeriodicalId":218,"journal":{"name":"Pest Management Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149167326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lethal and sublethal effects of fluralaner on Bactrocera correcta and resistance-associated impacts on development, reproduction and detoxification in a laboratory-resistant strain.","authors":"Doudou Li, Xinyan Cai, Yongyue Lu","doi":"10.1002/ps.71354","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ps.71354","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The invasion, spread, and management of Bactrocera correcta have attracted considerable attention. Chemical control remains the primary approach for managing this pest. Fluralaner is a chemical agent with potential for pest control. This study elucidates the lethal and sublethal effects of fluralaner on this pest, as well as its associated impacts on a laboratory-selected resistant strain.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In this study, the survival and reproductive capacity of B. correcta exhibited concentration-dependent responses to fluralaner. At the LC₅₀, adult longevity was significantly shortened, and no viable F1 offspring were obtained. Exposure to LC₂₅ extended egg and larval periods and suppressed population growth. In the fluralaner-resistant strain, fecundity, survival rate, pupal period, pupal weight, and proportion of female offspring were significantly reduced. Furthermore, exposure to lethal and sublethal concentrations of fluralaner inhibited ovarian development and altered the titers of Vg, JH, and 20E, while GST and AChE activities were increased. Similarly, GST and AChE activities were significantly increased in the resistant strain, and the LC₅₀ was significantly reduced when fluralaner was combined with the synergist DEM. These findings suggest that detoxification enzymes are involved in the development of fluralaner resistance in B. correcta.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Overall, fluralaner exhibited strong toxicity against B. correcta, and resistance development was accompanied by adaptive detoxification responses. These findings provide a basis for the potential use of fluralaner as a chemical agent for tephritid fruit fly control, and lay a foundation for future field application, as well as for further mechanistic studies on the detoxification metabolism of isoxazoline insecticides. © 2026 Society of Chemical Industry.</p>","PeriodicalId":218,"journal":{"name":"Pest Management Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149163958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"BdPiwi is essential for gametogenesis and post-embryonic development in the oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis.","authors":"Junhong Fu, Jinsheng Wang, Shishi Ling, Yile Pan, Lanqi Jia, Yehui Sheng, Awawing A Andongma, Shuai Zhan, Li Xu, Yaohui Wang","doi":"10.1002/ps.71378","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ps.71378","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The PIWI-interacting RNA (piRNA) pathway is a conserved transposon silencing mechanism essential for genomic integrity and gametogenesis. While Piwi proteins are known to play essential roles in insect germline development, their functional characteristics remain largely unexplored in agricultural pests. Here, we investigated BdPiwi in Bactrocera dorsalis, a highly invasive pest whose exceptional reproductive capacity underpins its global pest status.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Phylogenetic analysis revealed that BdPiwi is evolutionarily conserved among insects and contains the canonical PAZ and PIWI domains. Spatiotemporal profiling showed ubiquitous expression across developmental stages, with predominant enrichment in adult ovaries. Based on CRISPR/Cas9-mediated mutagenesis, we found that BdPiwi loss caused severe gonadal arrest and complete sterility in both sexes-females lacked detectable oocytes and males produced no mature sperm. Transcriptomic analysis uncovered widespread transcriptional upregulation, extensive transposon derepression, and dysregulated immunometabolic genes likely contributing to oogenic failure. Additionally, mutants exhibited prolonged larval duration and abnormal eclosion.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings demonstrate that BdPiwi is a pleiotropic regulator governing gonadogenesis, fertility, and metamorphic transition in B. dorsalis. This study expands the functional repertoire of Piwi genes in insect pests and provides a promising molecular target for genetic-based management of this devastating invasive species. © 2026 Society of Chemical Industry.</p>","PeriodicalId":218,"journal":{"name":"Pest Management Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149164552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Developmental stage determines the efficacy of silica nanoparticles in shaping maize defence, aphid performance and tritrophic interactions.","authors":"Yunliang Ji, Zhifeng Meng, Jamin Ali, Adil Tonğa, Rizhao Chen, Qiyun Li","doi":"10.1002/ps.71391","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ps.71391","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Silica nanoparticles (SiNPs) are emerging as promising elicitors of plant defence, yet how plant developmental stage influences their effectiveness remains poorly understood. We investigated whether maize vegetative stage modulates SiNP-mediated defence responses, and their consequences for herbivores and natural enemies. We hypothesized that SiNPs induce stage- and concentration-dependent defence, with stronger effects at earlier vegetative stages.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Maize plants at four vegetative stages (V3-V6; corresponding to stages 1-4) were treated with different SiNP concentrations, and responses were assessed across multiple biological levels. SiNP application did not significantly affect plant height, leaf length, root length or dry root weight across stages. However, leaf surface hydrophobicity and hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) accumulation increased, whereas malondialdehyde (MDA) levels decreased, indicating enhanced oxidative defences and reduced lipid peroxidation. SiNP treatment significantly altered volatile organic compound (VOC) profiles, notably increasing levels of key compounds, such as sesquiterpenes. Aphid (Rhopalosiphum maidis) survival, fecundity and population growth were reduced on treated plants, accompanied by reduced settlement in choice assays, whereas olfactory preference in Y-tube tests remained unchanged. Foraging duration of the parasitoid Aphidius gifuensis increased on SiNP-treated plants at early stages, while predator (Harmonia axyridis) behaviour was unaffected.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Maize developmental stage critically determines the efficacy of SiNP-induced defence and its cascading effects across trophic levels. These findings provide mechanistic insights for optimizing the timing of SiNP application in sustainable integrated pest management strategies, enhancing plant resistance while supporting beneficial natural enemies. © 2026 Society of Chemical Industry.</p>","PeriodicalId":218,"journal":{"name":"Pest Management Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149163625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Why rotation and mixture fail: treatment history and the declining acaricide efficacy in Varroa destructor.","authors":"Sara Bryant, Alexander S Mikheyev","doi":"10.1002/ps.71341","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ps.71341","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Insecticide resistance management (IRM) strategies, such as rotation and mixture, rely on fitness tradeoffs and susceptible population dilution to slow resistance. While IRM is widely recommended, its robustness when a target pest's biology violates these foundational assumptions remains poorly tested. The honey bee parasite, Varroa destructor, provides a test case to evaluate these limits. For instance, V. destructor's obligate sibling mating prevents genetic dilution, resistance mutations appear to carry low fitness costs, and acaricide-absorbing beeswax exerts continuous sub-lethal selection even after treatment ceases. Using this system to validate IRM principles, we asked: (1) Does treatment cessation successfully restore acaricide susceptibility? and (2) Do rotation and mixture strategies effectively maintain high mite mortality when standard IRM conditions are compromised?</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We conducted the first meta-analysis of IRM outcomes in V. destructor synthesizing treatment history and efficacy data from 15 studies (nine on rotation, seven on mixtures). Modelling revealed acaricide effectiveness declined by 5.5% per year of active treatment, while sensitivity rebounded by 10.7% per year following treatment cessation. Despite this partial recovery, neither rotation nor mixture strategies were associated with improved mite mortality. Susceptibility rebounds were likely insufficient to restore the near-complete kill rates rotation requires, while progressive efficacy declines undermined the baseline conditions necessary for mixtures.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Ultimately, although IRM is the standard recommendation for V. destructor, our findings demonstrate that real-world implementation is unlikely to succeed without treatment-history tracking and prescriptive intervention before widespread resistance is established. © 2026 The Author(s). Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.</p>","PeriodicalId":218,"journal":{"name":"Pest Management Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149163792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A sustained-release fludioxonil/Metalaxyl-M delivery system for root-zone protection against soybean root rot.","authors":"Yuanyuan Li, Zhendong Yang, Lianxuan Zhou, Junsen Ma, Lidong Cao, Qiliang Huang, Pengyue Zhao","doi":"10.1002/ps.71398","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ps.71398","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Soybean root rot occurs throughout soybean growth, yet traditional fungicide formulations may provide insufficient persistence for full-cycle control. The contrasting soil behavior of fludioxonil and metalaxyl-M further limits their coordinated release, retention, and persistence.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>To improve control efficacy against soybean root rot, we developed SA/CS@Flu@CA/Met@ATP by integrating fludioxonil-loaded calcium carbonate with metalaxyl-M and attapulgite through adsorption-assisted granulation, followed by encapsulation within an alginate/chitosan hydrogel shell. The formulation regulated the soil mobility of the two active ingredients differently, promoting limited redistribution of fludioxonil within the soil column without substantial leaching loss, while enhancing the upper-soil retention of metalaxyl-M and slowing its subsequent depletion. In a field evaluation, SA/CS@Flu@CA/Met@ATP showed calculated control efficacies of 89.7-94.9% at 60 days. Earthworm exposure and amplicon sequencing indicated no significant treatment-related reduction in earthworm survival or relative body weight and no broad restructuring of bacterial or fungal communities.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Material-level coordination of fungicide release, retention, and stability supported the potential of the formulation for soybean root-rot management while maintaining crop compatibility and preliminary soil biological compatibility under the tested conditions. © 2026 Society of Chemical Industry.</p>","PeriodicalId":218,"journal":{"name":"Pest Management Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149163929","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Automatic insect identification, counting, and monitoring techniques: a review.","authors":"Mariano González García, Juan Carlos Noguera Polania, Rosana González Combarros, José Ignacio López Sánchez","doi":"10.1002/ps.71365","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ps.71365","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Insect pests threaten agricultural productivity, while conventional surveillance is labour-intensive and excessive pesticide use creates environmental and health risks. This review evaluated automated insect detection, counting, classification and monitoring technologies, focusing on machine-learning integration, field transferability, and operational readiness.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A PRISMA 2020-guided formal search covering publications from 2010 to 2024 identified 313 records relevant to the technological and methodological scope of the review. After title/abstract screening and full-text eligibility assessment, 116 publications were retained. The evidence encompassed camera- and vision-based systems; acoustic, infrared, and optoelectronic sensors; electrostatic and physical approaches; non-lethal photonic monitoring; radar and biosensing technologies; Internet of Things-enabled platforms; and machine- and deep-learning methods. Camera- and vision-based systems were among the most extensively documented and field-oriented approaches, particularly when integrated with remote image acquisition, communication networks, and automated classification. Acoustic systems provided complementary options for continuous or low-power monitoring, whereas radar, biosensing, and other emerging approaches broadened applications toward biodiversity assessment, large-area surveillance, and early detection. Reported performance was not directly comparable across publications because metrics, acquisition conditions, and validation levels differed substantially, ranging from laboratory or dataset benchmarks to semi-field trials, field validations, and operational deployments.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>No single technology is optimal for all monitoring objectives. Operational adoption requires standardized task-specific reporting, independent and sustained field validation, representative datasets, improved transferability across crops and environments, and system-level assessment of robustness, energy autonomy, connectivity, maintenance, and cost. Sensor fusion, edge artificial intelligence, and domain-adaptive or uncertainty-aware models are promising when they provide measurable decision-support benefits. © 2026 The Author(s). Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.</p>","PeriodicalId":218,"journal":{"name":"Pest Management Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149163760","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stability, cross-resistance, mechanisms and inheritance of laboratory-selected resistance to chlorfenapyr in Plutella xylostella.","authors":"Biantao Jia, Junliang Zhang, Jingyin Zhong, Wenjie Yao, Dong Jia, Xianchun Li","doi":"10.1002/ps.71390","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ps.71390","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The diamondback moth (DBM), Plutella xylostella (Linnaeus), a globally destructive pest of cruciferous crops, has developed resistance to numerous insecticides, including chlorfenapyr. To elucidate the resistance characteristics of DBM to chlorfenapyr, a resistant strain was selected from a susceptible strain in the laboratory, and its resistance inheritance, cross-resistance spectrum and potential mechanisms were investigated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Intermittent laboratory selection showed that chlorfenapyr resistance was unstable, increasing with continuous selection but declining in its absence. At the 106th generation, the resistant strain exhibited 110.03-fold resistance to chlorfenapyr, with very low cross-resistance (2.05- to 3.22-fold) to tolfenpyrad, spinosad, abamectin, diafenthiuron and chlorantraniliprole, and no cross-resistance to emamectin benzoate, lufenuron, pyridalyl, indoxacarb and metaflumizone. Genetic analyses uncovered that the resistance to chlorfenapyr was inherited as autosomal, incompletely dominant, and polygenic trait. Synergistic bioassays revealed that the esterase inhibitors DEF and TPP, glutathione S-transferase (GST) inhibitor DEM and cytochrome P450 monooxygenase (P450) inhibitor PBO all significantly synergized the chlorfenapyr toxicity in this resistant strain, with synergism ratios of 3.85, 3.55, 2.55 and 1.85, respectively, but had no such effect on the susceptible strain.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Laboratory-selected chlorfenapyr resistance in DBM is unstable, follows an autosomal, incompletely dominant, and polygenic mode of inheritance, is mediated by enhanced detoxification, and shows no or very low cross resistance to other tested insecticides. © 2026 Society of Chemical Industry.</p>","PeriodicalId":218,"journal":{"name":"Pest Management Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149163312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synthesis and biological characterization of formononetin derivatives against phytopathogenic oomycete and bacteria: preliminary mechanisms, theoretical predictions, and biosafety evaluation.","authors":"Fang Tian, Junrong Song, Mingman Sun, Ying Yang, Lang Xing, Gefei Hao, Linhong Jin, Barana C Jayawardana, Buddhi Marambe, Wei Xue","doi":"10.1002/ps.71392","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ps.71392","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The increasing prevalence of phytopathogenic oomycetes and bacteria, particularly Phytophthora capsici (Pc) and Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo), poses severe threats to global agricultural production. Developing novel antimicrobial agents with dual antimicrobial activities, multiple mechanisms of action, and favorable biosafety profiles is urgently needed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>This study aims to design, synthesize, and evaluate formononetin derivatives as dual-action antimicrobial agents against these pathogens, preliminarily elucidating their mechanisms and biosafety. Among the tested compounds, B14 showed the most potent inhibitory effects, with half-maximal effective concentrations of 4.99 μg/mL against Pc and 2.26 μg/mL against Xoo. In in vivo experiments, B14 displayed remarkable therapeutic activity. At 200 and 100 μg/mL against Pc on eggplant fruits (76.9-84.0%), chili leaves (77.0-78.5%), and chili fruits (80.1-80.2%), and against bacterial leaf blight on rice (56.1-58.1%), significantly outperforming the commercial controls azoxystrobin and thiodiazole copper. Preliminary mechanistic studies revealed that B14 disrupted Pc membrane integrity and induced reactive oxygen species accumulation, while suppressing bacterial virulence factors and defense enzyme activities. Theoretical predictions supported the observed structure-activity relationships. B14 showed no significant phytotoxicity or developmental toxicity in seed germination and zebrafish embryo assays.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Formononetin derivative B14 is a promising dual-action antimicrobial candidate with distinct mechanisms against oomycetes and bacteria, offering a sustainable strategy for managing phytopathogens. © 2026 Society of Chemical Industry.</p>","PeriodicalId":218,"journal":{"name":"Pest Management Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149163376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}