Pest Management Science最新文献

{"title":"Improving fungal biocontrol of Bactrocera dorsalis through binary strain combinations and UV-protective humate formulations.","authors":"Baihui Hao, Neng Zhang, Dan Lian, Guohui Feng, Xiongbing Tu, Zihua Zhao, Lijun Liu, Yujia Qin, Shaokun Guo, Zhihong Li","doi":"10.1002/ps.71247","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ps.71247","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel) (Diptera: Tephritidae), is a destructive pest in the global fruit and vegetable industry. Current management relies heavily on synthetic chemical insecticides, which leads to resistance and environmental risks. Entomopathogenic fungi (EPF) are regarded as promising alternatives to chemical pesticides, but their use against B. dorsalis is constrained by stage-dependent efficacy and poor UV persistence.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Twelve fungal isolates were screened against mature larvae, pupae and adults of B. dorsalis. Metarhizium guizhouense WN_M2 showed the most consistent virulence across the three stages, with corrected mortality of 70.2%, 43.6% and 100%, respectively. Three lead isolates, M. guizhouense WN_M1 and WN_M2 and Beauveria bassiana DF_B1, were selected for binary combination assays. Binary combinations enhanced efficacy against subterranean stages. At 1 × 10⁸ conidia mL^-1, DF_B1 + WN_M2 caused 92.86% corrected mortality in mature larvae and 75.31% in pupae. Among the UV-protective additives tested, potassium humate (HA-K) was the most effective, maintaining 86.9% conidial germination at 24 h after 6 h UV-B exposure, compared with 34.6% in the unprotected UV-B control. HA-K also helped preserve fungal pathogenicity against adults under UV-B stress.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Binary combinations enhanced fungal virulence against subterranean stages, and HA-K improved conidial UV tolerance. These findings provide a promising basis for the further development of fungal biocontrol strategies to sustainably manage this pest. © 2026 Society of Chemical Industry.</p>","PeriodicalId":218,"journal":{"name":"Pest Management Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148872268","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Obligate endosymbionts as promising targets for planthopper pest control: Exploring their effect on probing behavior.","authors":"Daniela de la Fuente, María Inés Catalano, Pablo Carpane, Andrea Vanesa Toledo, María Eugenia Brentassi","doi":"10.1002/ps.70897","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ps.70897","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Planthoppers (Hemiptera: Delphacidae) are sap-sucking insects that have emerged as major pests of economically important agricultural crops worldwide. These insects establish an obligate mutualistic relationship with fungal endosymbionts (yeast-like symbionts, YLS) which play a key role in their nutrition and physiology. Despite this, the influence of YLS on host probing behavior remains poorly understood. In this study, we experimentally reduced YLS abundance in the maize planthopper Delphacodes kuscheli, the main vector of Mal de Río Cuarto virus in the Neotropical region, by exposing host plants to systemic fungicides. We then evaluated the effects of YLS depletion on female probing behavior using the electrical penetration graph technique.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Sub-symbiotic females showed longer non-probing periods (mean values, 95% CI 70.80 min, 46.3-108) than control females (19.59 min, 12.8-30). They also required more probes and more time to reach the phloem and allocated less time to phloem sap ingestion (113.82 min, 84.9-153) than control females (180.96 min, 136.4-240). Additionally, sub-symbiotic females exhibited a higher proportion of probing time spent in pathway activities (32.52%, 26.30-39.42) than control females (22.38%, 17.13-28.70).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings suggest that nutritional symbionts may play an overlooked role in shaping probing behavior in D. kuscheli females. Our results highlight the ecological significance of YLS in these phloem-feeding insects and provide novel insights into symbiont-vector-plant interactions. The ability to alter probing behavior through reduction of obligate mutualistic symbionts in an agricultural pest opens new avenues for the development of integrated pest management strategies. © 2026 Society of Chemical Industry.</p>","PeriodicalId":218,"journal":{"name":"Pest Management Science","volume":" ","pages":"8468-8476"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13453245/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147866129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Retrieval of pigment content and water status of Pinus massoniana under pine wood nematode stress using multitemporal UAV multispectral imagery.","authors":"Ziyi You, Run Yu, Haitao Hong, Songqing Wu, Feiping Zhang","doi":"10.1002/ps.70957","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ps.70957","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Pine wood nematode (PWN) is a major invasive species causing severe degradation of pine forest ecosystems. During PWN infection, pine trees undergo quantifiable physicochemical changes, including variations in pigment content and water status, which can effectively characterize tree health. Retrieving these indicators using remote sensing techniques therefore provides a promising approach for early PWN monitoring. In this study, nine UAV flight campaigns were conducted from June to September 2024, acquiring multispectral imagery at four flight altitudes (50, 100, 150 and 200 m). Field-measured chlorophyll a (Chla), chlorophyll b (Chlb), carotenoids (Car) and water content (WC) data were integrated with UAV data to develop retrieval models based on 58 vegetation indices for estimating pigment content and water status of PWN-infected Pinus massoniana.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>(1) Chla, Chlb and Car initially increased during the early infection stage (within the first 14 days) and subsequently declined, whereas WC exhibited a continuous decreasing trend; (2) significant spectral differences between PWN-infected and control trees emerged in the red-edge and near-infrared bands at Day 14, earlier than ground-based symptom observation; (3) WC retrieval achieved substantially higher accuracy than pigment-related parameters, indicating that inversion-derived WC could be more sensitive and effective in characterizing the health status of PWN-infected trees; and (4) MR-DSWI (Multiple Ratio Disease-Water Stress Index), Li5 and Guo4 consistently exhibited stable responses to both pigment and water status indicators across all flight altitudes.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Overall, the robust performance of these indices highlights their strong general applicability for retrieving canopy pigment content and water status, providing reliable indicators for UAV-based monitoring of PWN-induced canopy degradation. © 2026 Society of Chemical Industry.</p>","PeriodicalId":218,"journal":{"name":"Pest Management Science","volume":" ","pages":"9119-9139"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13453247/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148012835","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cytochrome P450-mediated regulation of pheromone biosynthesis and adult emergence in Monochamus saltuarius (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae), with implications for pest management.","authors":"Yiming Niu, Ye Chi, Yurong Li, Fengming Shi, Yuxuan Zhao, Shixiang Zong, Jing Tao","doi":"10.1002/ps.70902","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ps.70902","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Monochamus saltuarius is a key vector of pine wood nematode in northeastern China, and its development and pheromone biosynthesis directly influence pine wilt disease spread. Cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (P450s) are crucial for insect lipid metabolism, hormonal regulation, and pheromone biosynthesis, but their functions in M. saltuarius remain largely unknown, hindering targeted pest management.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Based on transcriptomic of M. saltuarius, 61 candidate P450 genes were identified. Bioinformatic analysis further narrowed these to 13 candidate genes potentially involved in pheromone biosynthesis, which were subsequently subjected to phylogenetic analysis and spatiotemporal expression profiling. RNA interference (RNAi) was then employed to functionally characterize two P450s in females (CYP6HD1 and CYP4G300) and three in males (CYP6HD1, CYP6BJ72, and CYP6BJ48). The results demonstrated that CYP4G300 in females and CYP6HD1 in males had dual effects in pheromone biosynthesis and adult emergence. In contrast, CYP6BJ48 functioned specifically exclusively in male pheromone biosynthesis, highlighting functional divergence among P450s. Notably, CYP6HD1 exhibited sex-specific regulatory patterns, reflecting differences in pheromone composition and physiological demands between sexes. Moreover, RNAi of selected P450s altered 20E levels, supporting the view that these genes may influence pheromone biosynthesis and emergence through hormone-associated and lipid metabolic pathways, including THF-diol-related processes.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our findings demonstrate that P450s in M. saltuarius coordinately regulate pheromone biosynthesis and adult development through lipid metabolic and hormonal pathways. These results provide mechanistic insights into insect chemical communication and identify P450s as promising molecular targets for the development of novel, environmentally friendly pest management strategies against this important forest pest. © 2026 Society of Chemical Industry.</p>","PeriodicalId":218,"journal":{"name":"Pest Management Science","volume":" ","pages":"8512-8529"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13453224/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147863384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biochar mitigates Fusarium wilt by regulating the rhizosphere microbial community structure.","authors":"Zhenyu Zhang, Guangzhong Lu, Luo Yang, Wenhao Yang, Yan Dong","doi":"10.1002/ps.70940","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ps.70940","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Continuous cropping of faba bean severely degrades the soil ecosystem, leading to the accumulation of autotoxic compounds and pathogenic fungi, which further aggravates soilborne diseases. Among available strategies, the rational application of biochar has the potential to reshape soil microbial communities. This study aimed to elucidate the rhizosphere microbial mechanisms by which biochar (BC) mitigates Fusarium wilt. Wheat straw BC was applied at 0%, 0.5%, 1%, 1.5%, 2% and 3% to evaluate its effects on soil microbial community. Based on this, a pot experiment was conducted to systematically assess the effects of BC on Fusarium wilt incidence, autotoxic compound accumulation, soil microbial diversity and root pathogenesis-related protein (PR) expression following inoculation with BC-conditioned soils.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Compared with the control, BC application mitigated Fusarium wilt, reducing the disease index by 16.66%-52.11%, with the greatest effect observed at 1%. At this level, BC decreased soil phenolic acid accumulation, increased the relative abundance of Proteobacteria, and reduced that of Ascomycota. BC-induced shifts enhanced the diversity, structure, and composition of rhizosphere microbial communities. Specifically, 1% BC increased the absolute abundance of Bacillus sp. by 119.01% and Sphingomonas sp. by 98.93%, decreased the absolute abundance of Fusarium commune sp. by 77.41%, and upregulated root PR protein gene expression, thereby alleviating Fusarium wilt.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The application of 1% wheat straw BC effectively reshaped the soil microbial community, reduced autotoxic compound accumulation, improved soil health and suppressed Fusarium wilt. © 2026 Society of Chemical Industry.</p>","PeriodicalId":218,"journal":{"name":"Pest Management Science","volume":" ","pages":"8936-8949"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13453213/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147969176","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rice-growing areas in the northern part of Hainan Province in China are a source area for seasonal migration of the brown planthopper Nilaparvata lugens (Stål).","authors":"Qing Feng, Xu-Dong Wang, Hao-Wen Zhang, Xun-Cong Ji, Gong-Hua Zhao, Hui Li, Ze-Zheng Fan, Kong-Ming Wu","doi":"10.1002/ps.70911","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ps.70911","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The brown planthopper (BPH), Nilaparvata lugens (Stål), is a highly destructive long-distance migratory pest characterized by its sudden occurrence, outbreak potential, and devastating impact that presents a considerable threat to rice production in countries bordering the South China Sea. The northern part of Hainan Province in China is a key region for double-cropping rice production; however, the migratory dynamics and source-sink relationships of BPH populations in this region remain poorly understood. The seasonal BPH migration patterns were monitored during 2017-2023 in Chengmai County of northern Hainan, using high-altitude light-trap sampling, entomological radar surveillance, and complementary techniques.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>BPH exhibited year-round migratory activity in northern Hainan, with peak migration observed from April to November. Ovarian dissection of light-trapped individuals showed that > 90% exhibited Stage I ovarian development, indicating that local emigrants dominated the population. An X-band rotating-polarization vertical-looking entomological radar further confirmed the takeoff and emigration behaviors. Trajectory analyses of the simulation model demonstrated that migration was oriented mainly toward the Guangdong and Guangxi provinces of China from late April to early August. The immigrant source region expanded from these two provinces to central Vietnam and Laos from mid-August to early October. Subsequently, from mid-October to early November, migration was mainly directed toward south-western Hainan, central Vietnam, and central Laos.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our study indicates that northern Hainan functions as a source region for BPH and characterizes its seasonal migration patterns into southern mainland China, Vietnam, and Laos, providing a theoretical foundation for establishing a monitoring, early warning, and control system for this pest in the northern South China Sea region. © 2026 Society of Chemical Industry.</p>","PeriodicalId":218,"journal":{"name":"Pest Management Science","volume":" ","pages":"8618-8629"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13453254/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147866061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The plasma factor Immulectin-5 of Ostrinia furnacalis mediates the hemocytic encapsulation against parasitic wasp larvae by facilitating nonself recognition.","authors":"Ziyao Wang, Shuyan Li, Mengli Tian, Anmin Zhao, Qian Wang, Yuanshi Cai, Jian Hu","doi":"10.1002/ps.70967","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ps.70967","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Successful endoparasitism requires parasitoids to overcome the host immune defense, encapsulation. However, the mechanisms governing encapsulation, particularly its initiation, remain poorly understood, limiting our understanding of coevolution between parasitoids and their hosts and constraining the broader application of parasitoids in biological control.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Our results showed that Ostrinia furnacalis plasma factor Immulectin-5 (IML-5) is essential for nonself recognition of hemocytic-mediated encapsulation of Macrocentrus cingulum larvae. Upon incubation with host plasma, three OfIMLs specifically bound to the wasp larval surface. Among them, OfIML-5, predominantly expressed in the fat body, was secreted into the plasma and strongly upregulated upon wasp larval exposure. RNAi-mediated knockdown or antibody-mediated neutralization of OfIML-5 significantly impaired host encapsulation ability. Consistently, CRISPR/Cas9 knockout of OfIML-5 decreased the encapsulation rate from 73.5% to 17.9%. Furthermore, OfIML-5 simultaneously binds to the surface of wasp larvae and hemocytes, suggesting that it possibly acts as a recognition factor and adaptor to promote hemocytic encapsulation. Co-immunoprecipitation assays indicated that OfIML-5 interacts with OfIML-3 and may participate in the transduction of nonself signals. Finally, we provide preliminary evidence that miR-34-5p secreted by M. cingulum targets the OfIML-5 gene and suppresses its expression, thereby attenuating host encapsulation.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our results indicate that OfIML-5 interacts with OfIML-3 and may function to transmit nonself signals to hemocytes, thereby promoting encapsulation against parasitoid wasp. Meanwhile, parasitic wasp M. cingulum secretes miR-34-5p, which targets OfIML-5 and suppresses host encapsulation. These findings help clarify the intricate immune interaction strategies between parasitoid wasps and their hosts. © 2026 Society of Chemical Industry.</p>","PeriodicalId":218,"journal":{"name":"Pest Management Science","volume":" ","pages":"9229-9239"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13453176/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148012803","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Distribution and seasonal dynamics of two distinct sex pheromone types in Cnaphalocrocis medinalis moths across China.","authors":"Guo Qianshuang, Li Xiaokang, Du Yongjun","doi":"10.1002/ps.70970","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ps.70970","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Cnaphalocrocis medinalis, a major migratory rice pest in Asia, shows significant variation in female sex pheromone composition across geographical regions. This study investigated the distribution and seasonal dynamics of two distinct sex pheromone strains in populations across China to improve monitoring accuracy and understand migration patterns.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Chemical analysis identified two pheromone types: an aldehyde-alcohol blend (AA) dominated by Z13-18:Ald (4.30 ± 2.68 ng per female), and an acetate ester blend (AE) dominated by Z11-16:Ac (5.04 ± 0.72 ng per female). Among 339 females examined, the AE strain was substantially more prevalent (80-97%) in most regions. Ovarian development ranged from levels 2 to 4, with mating frequencies of 0-5 times, indicating the prevalence of the AE strain in natural populations. Large-scale pheromone trapping monitoring across 106 sites outlined distinct geographical and seasonal distributions in males. Southern regions exhibited higher AE proportions in July-August, whereas northern areas, particularly the middle-lower Yangtze provinces, were dominated by the AA strain in August-September, often accounting for 60-90% of captures. For example, AA was >90% in Nantong, whereas AE remained at >80% in Jingzhou. Seasonal shifts occurred in some southern locations, such as Chongzuo, where AE surpassed AA by September.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Two pheromone strains of C. medinalis co-occur across China with geographically and seasonally structured distributions. The AE strain predominates overall, but both strains must be used concurrently for accurate population monitoring. This pheromone polymorphism is likely to reflect different geographical origins of migratory populations and provides a foundation for region-specific pest management strategies. © 2026 Society of Chemical Industry.</p>","PeriodicalId":218,"journal":{"name":"Pest Management Science","volume":" ","pages":"9264-9271"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13453236/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148051375","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Meta-analysis of corm yield responses to chemical and biological approaches for managing taro leaf blight disease.","authors":"Michael O Adu, Emmanuel Afutu, Paul Agu Asare, Kwadwo K Amoah, Mishael Amoah Nyarko, Kwabena A Sanleri","doi":"10.1002/ps.70878","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ps.70878","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Taro leaf blight (TLB), caused by Phytophthora colocasiae, inflicts yield losses of up to 90% and annual economic damage exceeding USD 1.4 billion in West Africa. Despite a growing body of literature on chemical and biological disease management, no quantitative synthesis has compared their efficacy for protecting taro corm yield. This meta-analysis quantified the effects of chemical fungicides and biological control treatments on taro yield.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Literature searches of Scopus and Google Scholar (December 2024) identified 21 eligible studies published between 1980 and 2022, yielding 168 treatment comparisons (91 chemical, 77 biological) across five countries. A multilevel random-effects meta-analysis with cluster-robust variance estimation (RVE) was applied to account for correlated effect sizes within studies. Chemical treatments produced a large, statistically significant pooled effect (Hedges' g = 1.072, 95% CI: 0.650-1.494, P < 0.001; k = 74 effect sizes from 15 studies). This result was robust across all sensitivity analyses, including outlier removal (g = 0.983), complete-case standard deviations (g = 0.968), and bias adjustment via trim-and-fill (g = 0.653). Multi-component fungicide formulations outperformed single-active-ingredient products, and effect sizes increased modestly over four decades. Biological treatments, based on only six unique studies contributing 73 effect sizes, yielded a non-significant pooled effect under RVE (g = 0.508, 95% CI: -0.497 to 1.514, P = 0.249). Extreme heterogeneity was observed (I² = 93.7%), and trim-and-fill adjustment further reduced the estimate to near zero (g = 0.011). Median biological treatment yields were 7.9% below untreated control yields.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Chemical fungicides provide robust, reproducible yield protection against TLB across geographic regions and experimental conditions. The evidence base for biological control of TLB is currently insufficient to support conclusions about efficacy: the available studies are few, the data are heterogeneous, imputation rates for standard deviations are high, and accounting for study-level clustering eliminates the apparent statistical significance of the pooled estimate. Standardized reporting protocols and targeted trials in major taro-producing regions are needed before biological or integrated management strategies can be recommended on an evidence-based basis. © 2026 Society of Chemical Industry.</p>","PeriodicalId":218,"journal":{"name":"Pest Management Science","volume":" ","pages":"8280-8294"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13453187/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147809103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of pupal hypoxia duration and holding temperature on quality control parameters of sterile Queensland fruit fly.","authors":"Sushil K Gaire, Saluna Pokhrel, Polychronis Rempoulakis, Phillip W Taylor, Bishwo P Mainali","doi":"10.1002/ps.70887","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ps.70887","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The sterile insect technique is used to eradicate outbreaks of Queensland fruit fly (Q-fly) Bactrocera tryoni (Froggatt) in fruit-fly-free regions of Australia and shows promise for suppression in endemic areas. Prior to irradiation, pupae are sealed in plastic bags to induce hypoxia, reducing oxidative stress and delaying adult emergence. After irradiation, pupae are transported to rear-out centers under continued hypoxia. Previous studies reported only modest reductions in adult emergence following hypoxia. Here, we assessed the effects of hypoxia duration and temperature on multiple quality parameters. Pupae were stored under hypoxia for 0, 1, 2, 4, 6, and 8 days at 18 and 25 °C. In addition to standard quality control parameters (emergence rate, longevity and flight ability), a locomotor activity monitor was used to assess pre-emergence period, survival, and locomotor activity under nutritional stress.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Pre-emergence period and survival under nutritional stress was not affected by hypoxia duration or temperature. However, number of fly movements per hour under nutritional stress were reduced after 4 days of hypoxia. Adult emergence and flight ability were unaffected up to 2 days of hypoxia but declined sharply after 4 days or longer, with stronger effects at 25 °C. The percentage of partial emergence and deformed adults also increased significantly after 4 days.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Q-fly pupae can safely endure hypoxia for up to 2 days, with storage at 18 °C recommended for longer durations to minimize impacts on emergence and flight ability. © 2026 The Author(s). Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.</p>","PeriodicalId":218,"journal":{"name":"Pest Management Science","volume":" ","pages":"8382-8391"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13453265/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147924755","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}