Pest Management Science最新文献

{"title":"What motivates the choice to custom hire pest management spraying services?","authors":"Braeden Van Deynze, Trey Malone","doi":"10.1002/ps.8494","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ps.8494","url":null,"abstract":"This article presents a model of how farmers choose to custom hire for pest control. The decision-making process is illustrated through a discrete choice experiment conducted via a pilot survey of soybean growers in Michigan, Illinois, and Indiana. Farmers responded to a hypothetical pest infestation by choosing between custom operators, spraying on their own, or leaving the field to its fate.","PeriodicalId":218,"journal":{"name":"Pest Management Science","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142599931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Response of the tomato leaf miner Phthorimaea absoluta to wild and domesticated tomato genotypes","authors":"Ayomide Joseph Zannou, Jörg Romeis, Jana Collatz","doi":"10.1002/ps.8534","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ps.8534","url":null,"abstract":"<i>Phthorimaea absoluta</i>, a highly destructive invasive pest, poses a significant threat to tomato production globally. Exploring alternative control methods, such as host plant resistance can contribute to diminish reliance on insecticides and promote sustainable integrated pest management (IPM) practices. Thus, the identification of new <i>P. absoluta</i>-resistant tomato cultivars and potential wild sources for breeding programmes remains imperative. We evaluated the effect of 19 tomato genotypes, comprising 16 domesticated varieties and three wild tomato species, on oviposition output of female <i>P. absoluta</i>, as well as on larval performance under no-choice conditions using detached leaves. We also characterized and quantified glandular and nonglandular trichomes, exploring their potential correlation with the response of <i>P. absoluta</i> to the tomato plants.","PeriodicalId":218,"journal":{"name":"Pest Management Science","volume":"80 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142599948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterization of two glutathione S‐transferase genes involved in clothianidin resistance in Bradysia odoriphaga","authors":"Xingyu Ma, Junjie Zeng, Chunni Zhang, Wu Dai","doi":"10.1002/ps.8535","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ps.8535","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUNDGlutathione <jats:italic>S</jats:italic>‐transferase (GST) is a key phase II detoxification enzyme involved in xenobiotics metabolism, and plays a pivotal role in the evolution of resistance to various types of insecticides. However, the specific functions of GST genes in clothianidin resistance remain obscure in <jats:italic>Bradysia odoriphaga</jats:italic>.RESULTSHere, a specific GST inhibitor, diethyl maleate (DEM), significantly increased the mortality of <jats:italic>Bradysia odoriphaga</jats:italic> larvae following exposure to clothianidin, and the activity of GST enzyme in clothianidin‐resistant (CL‐R) strain of <jats:italic>Bradysia odoriphaga</jats:italic> was markedly greater than that in the SS strain. Two sigma <jats:italic>BoGSTs</jats:italic> (<jats:italic>BoGSTs1</jats:italic> and <jats:italic>BoGSTs2</jats:italic>) were markedly overexpressed in the CL‐R strain and exhibited a higher abundance in the Malpighian tubules or midgut. Exposure to clothianidin resulted in a significant increased expression of <jats:italic>BoGSTs1</jats:italic> and <jats:italic>BoGSTs2</jats:italic>. The knockdown of <jats:italic>BoGSTs1</jats:italic> and <jats:italic>BoGSTs2</jats:italic> increased sensitivity of larvae to clothianidin in the resistant strain. Furthermore, overexpression of BoGSTs1 and BoGSTs2 led to a significant increase in <jats:italic>Escherichia coli</jats:italic> cells tolerance to clothianidin. <jats:italic>In vitro</jats:italic> metabolic assays indicate that these two GSTs cannot directly metabolize clothianidin and its secondary metabolite desmethyl‐clothianidin. Disk diffusion assays and fluorescence competitive binding assays indicated that BoGSTs1 and BoGSTs2 play a critical role in clothianidin resistance by antioxidant activity and non‐catalytic binding activity. The docking results showed that BoGSTs1 and BoGSTs2 have strong binding affinity toward clothianidin.CONCLUSIONCollectively, these findings pinpoint the potential role of BoGSTs1 and BoGSTs2 in conferring insecticide resistance in <jats:italic>Bradysia odoriphaga</jats:italic> and contribute to our understanding of the underlying mechanisms of insecticide resistance. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.","PeriodicalId":218,"journal":{"name":"Pest Management Science","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142598336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Machine learning‐based rational design for efficient discovery of allatostatin analogs as promising lead candidates for novel IGRs","authors":"Yi‐Meng Zhang, Qi He, Jia‐Lin Cui, Yan Liu, Mei‐Zi Wang, Xing‐Xing Lu, Shi‐Xiang Pan, Chandni Iqbal, De‐Xing Ye, Wen‐Yu Sun, Xin‐Yuan Zhang, Zhen‐Peng Kai, Li Zhang, Xin‐Ling Yang","doi":"10.1002/ps.8518","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ps.8518","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUNDInsect neuropeptide allatostatins (ASTs) play a vital role in regulating insect growth, development, and reproduction, making them potential candidates for new insect growth regulators (IGRs). However, the practical use of natural ASTs in pest management is constrained by their long sequences and high production costs, thus the development of AST analogs with shorter sequences and reduced cost is essential. Traditional methods for designing AST analogs are often time‐consuming and resource‐intensive. This study aims to employ new computational methodologies to understand the structure–activity relationship and efficiently discover potent AST analogs.RESULTSTwo machine learning models, utilizing multiple linear regression and support vector machine, were constructed to reveal the key structural factors that influence the juvenile hormone‐inhibiting activity of AST analogs. These models suggested that a potent AST analog should contain styrene, hydrophilic, and aromatic groups, and rotatable bonds at positions 1, 2, 3, and 4, respectively. Six analogs (A52‐A57) were designed and synthesized, and they exhibited potent juvenile hormone‐inhibiting activity (IC<jats:sub>50</jats:sub> &lt; 16 nM). Notably, analog A53 showed the best activity (IC<jats:sub>50</jats:sub> = 2.07 nM), surpassing that of most natural <jats:italic>Dippu</jats:italic>‐ASTs, making it a potential lead candidate for IGRs.CONCLUSIONThese models promote the efficient design, screening, and prioritization of new or untested AST analogs. The study clarifies how a machine learning‐based strategy facilitates the development of AST analogs as novel IGR lead candidates, offering a useful reference for pest management. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.","PeriodicalId":218,"journal":{"name":"Pest Management Science","volume":"147 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142597347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dynamic spatial network simulation accounting for multiple ecological factors provides practical recommendations for biosecurity early detection and rapid response (EDRR) strategies","authors":"Eleanor May Cervigni, Rodrigo Pires, Elizabeth Joan Trevenen, David Britton, Barbara Waterhouse, Jane Evelyn Royer, Michael Renton","doi":"10.1002/ps.8507","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ps.8507","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUNDGlobally the spread of invasive pests is being facilitated by increased human mobility and climate change. Simulation modelling can help assess biosecurity strategies for early detection and rapid response (EDRR), but has struggled to account for important factors in the invasion process, such as spatial and temporal variability in habitat suitability and connectivity; population dynamics; and multiple dispersal pathways.We developed a novel dynamic spatial network simulation approach based on spatial network theory that enables integration of a wider range of spatio‐temporal factors than previous studies, calibrated it against extensive historical trapping data, and applied it to comprehensively analyse the EDRR strategy for Oriental fruit fly (<jats:italic>Bactrocera dorsalis</jats:italic>; OFF) in northern Australia.RESULTSSimulations indicated that the chance of OFF reaching the mainland in the next 20 years could be up to 20% under the current EDRR strategy, depending on how optimistic or pessimistic model assumptions are, and highlighted possible improvements to the EDRR strategy for further consideration. Simulations under optimistic assumptions indicate that transport via wind is most important in OFF reaching the mainland, but under pessimistic assumptions transport via people carrying infected fruit becomes more important.CONCLUSIONOur new dynamic spatial network simulation approach can account for a wide range of spatio‐temporal ecological factors to provide practical real‐world recommendations. At a minimum, this approach only requires weather and population data, both of which are available globally from a variety of free and open sources, making it broadly applicable to assessing the EDRR strategies in place for different species in other locations. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.","PeriodicalId":218,"journal":{"name":"Pest Management Science","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142597348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The oviposition of cotton bollworms stimulates the defense against its eggs and larvae in tomato plants","authors":"Jin‐Hua Shi, Rui Shao, Sara T Abdelkhalek, Shuo Zhang, Man‐Qun Wang","doi":"10.1002/ps.8521","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ps.8521","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUNDHerbivorous insects sustain their populations by oviposition. To reduce the damage caused by herbivores, the host plant triggers a defensive response upon detection of egg deposition. However, the specific impact of the egg deposition time of the cotton bollworm <jats:italic>Helicoverpa armigera</jats:italic> (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), on the tomato plant defense remains obscure.RESULTSThis study investigated the effects of tomato plant defenses on cotton bollworm eggs and larvae at different time intervals following egg deposition. The study revealed that tomato plant defense triggered by egg deposition did not directly affect the hatchability of the eggs. Nevertheless, it attracted <jats:italic>Trichogramma chilonis</jats:italic> 48 h after the egg deposition. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis of the oviposition‐induced plant volatiles (OIPVs) revealed a considerable increase in the amount of <jats:italic>α</jats:italic>‐pinene released by tomato plants 48 h after egg deposition. The olfactory results from Y‐tube experiments showed that <jats:italic>α</jats:italic>‐pinene exhibited a substantial attraction towards <jats:italic>T. chilonis</jats:italic>. In addition, it was found that the defense response induced by egg deposition for 24 and 48 h significantly inhibited the growth and development of the larvae. Metabolomics analysis revealed that the egg deposition of cotton bollworm altered the metabolite composition and caused significant modifications in the metabolic pathways of tomato plants.CONCLUSIONThese findings provide novel insights into pest management by using egg‐induced plant defenses to reduce egg hatching, and impede larval growth and development in herbivorous insects. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.","PeriodicalId":218,"journal":{"name":"Pest Management Science","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142597349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bioavailability and phytotoxicity of clomazone to corn depend on soil characteristics and can be estimated by in situ pore water","authors":"Duantao Cao, Wenwen Peng, Hanghang Xu, Xiaoxiang Fu, Xia Gong, Sumei Yu, Hongyi Wei, Qinghong Zhou, Yingjin Huang","doi":"10.1002/ps.8531","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ps.8531","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUNDThe injury caused by residual herbicides in soils to subsequent crops has been frequently reported and is largely related to soil physicochemical properties. Elucidating the interactions between herbicide toxicity and soil properties could help assess its phytotoxicity based on local soil characteristics. Here, the influence of soil properties on the accumulation and toxicity of clomazone as a model compound to corn was explored to obtain a universal indicator for estimating the toxicity of herbicides against crops.RESULTSThe phytotoxicity of clomazone to corn differed in the five tested soils with the median inhibitory concentration (IC<jats:sub>50</jats:sub>) values, according to the added concentration, fluctuating between 2.80 and 26.97 mg/kg. The uptake of clomazone by corn was primarily affected by its sorption onto soils and showed a positive correlation with the concentration of clomazone in <jats:italic>in situ</jats:italic> pore water (<jats:italic>C</jats:italic><jats:sub>IPW</jats:sub>) (<jats:italic>R</jats:italic><jats:sup>2</jats:sup> ≥ 0.775, <jats:italic>P</jats:italic> &lt; 0.001). In contrast to results derived from traditional soil clomazone concentrations (<jats:italic>C</jats:italic><jats:sub>soil</jats:sub>) determined through organic solvent extraction, consistent IC<jats:sub>50</jats:sub> values (1.344–1.626 mg/L) were obtained based on <jats:italic>C</jats:italic><jats:sub>IPW</jats:sub> in all five soils with a much lower coefficient of variation.CONCLUSIONSThese findings indicate that measuring the concentration of clomazone in <jats:italic>in situ</jats:italic> pore water provides a reliable and comparable method for evaluating its bioavailability and phytotoxicity on corn. Using <jats:italic>C</jats:italic><jats:sub>IPW</jats:sub> rather than <jats:italic>C</jats:italic><jats:sub>soil</jats:sub> as a herbicide indicator is more accurate for assessing its actual phytotoxicity. These results are important for the scientific application of clomazone and the safe production of corn. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.","PeriodicalId":218,"journal":{"name":"Pest Management Science","volume":"43 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142597350","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Front Cover Image","authors":"Lang Xia,&nbsp;Ruirui Zhang,&nbsp;Liping Chen,&nbsp;Longlong Li,&nbsp;Tongchuan Yi,&nbsp;Meixiang Chen","doi":"10.1002/ps.8542","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ps.8542","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The cover image is based on the article <i>Monitoring the leaf damage by the rice leafroller with deep learning and ultra-light UAV</i> by Lang Xia et al., https://doi.org/10.1002/ps.8401.\u0000\u0000 <figure>\u0000 <div><picture>\u0000 <source></source></picture><p></p>\u0000 </div>\u0000 </figure></p>","PeriodicalId":218,"journal":{"name":"Pest Management Science","volume":"80 12","pages":"i"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ps.8542","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142597346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Female contact sex pheromone recognition in the German cockroach (Blattella germanica) is mediated by two male antennae-enriched sensory neuron membrane proteins.","authors":"Hong-Yan Feng, Ya-Qin Zhao, Tao Yang, Yang-Yuntao Zhou, Lang-Lang Gong, Meng-Qi Zhang, Yun-Feng Ma, J Joe Hull, Youssef Dewer, Fan Zhang, Guy Smagghe, Ming He, Peng He","doi":"10.1002/ps.8530","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ps.8530","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The German cockroach Blattella germanica is a notorious urban health pest that has developed resistance to multiple pesticides. Thus, novel non-lethal pest control agents are urgently needed. Olfaction interference via disruption of sex pheromone recognition-related genes offers a promising approach. The German cockroach has a unique courtship behavior in which female adults emit contact sex pheromones (CSPs) in response to antennal touching, which subsequently triggers distinctive male sex behavioral responses. Due to the limited volatility of CSPs, the molecular mechanisms underlying their recognition and the specific olfactory pathways activated remain poorly defined. Although the odorant receptor coreceptor (Orco) is critical for most insect olfaction, sensory neuron membrane proteins (SNMPs), in particular SNMP1, also play crucial roles in sex pheromone recognition in moths and flies. While multiple SNMP1 homologs have been identified in multiple insect species, they have yet to be fully functionally characterized in cockroaches.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In this study, RNA-interference (RNAi)-mediated knockdown of BgerOrco reduced both the electrophysiology responses and courtship behaviors of males, indicating CSP perception proceeds via an olfaction pathway. Similar RNAi knockdown of BgerSNMP1e and BgerSNMP1d, which are predominantly expressed in male antennae, revealed critical roles in perceiving the major component of the Blattella germanica CSP blend. Unlike BgerSNMP1e, BgerSNMP1d was also found to function in the perception of the minor CSP component. Molecular docking analyses revealed no differences in the binding affinities of BgerSNMP1d for the major and minor CSP components, whereas the binding affinities of BgerSNMP1e displayed clear selectivity for the major component.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our results show that the olfactory pathway is critical for CSP recognition and that two male-enriched SNMP genes, BgerSNMP1e and BgerSNMP1d, are crucial factors mediating the male response to CSP stimulation in German cockroaches. This study lays a foundation for studying the mechanisms of CSP recognition and provides novel molecular targets with potential to be exploited as disruptors of courtship behavior. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.</p>","PeriodicalId":218,"journal":{"name":"Pest Management Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142589957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Endophytic Bacillus velezensis GsB01 controls Gleditsia sinensis wilt by secreting antifungal metabolites and modulates symbiotic microbiota within trees.","authors":"Jian-Yong Zeng, Kai-Di Chen, Bu-Fei Wei, Ze-Zhao Cui, Zi-Yi Xu, Hua-Ling Wang, Hui-Ping Li","doi":"10.1002/ps.8517","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ps.8517","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Identifying effective biological control agents against fungal pathogens and determining their mechanisms of action are important in the control of plant diseases.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In this study, we isolated an endophytic bacterial strain, GsB01, from the branches of asymptomatic Gleditsia sinensis. Multi-locus sequence analysis identified the strain as Bacillus velezensis. GsB01 exhibited significant antifungal activity against Thyronectria austroamericana, the causative agent of G. sinensis wilt. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry identified four consistently present antimicrobial compounds in GsB01 metabolite fractions with high antifungal activity: macrolactin A, bacillaene A, surfactin, and iturin. GsB01's active metabolite fractions altered the metabolic profiles of T. austroamericana, disrupting seven pathways, including arginine biosynthesis, nucleotide metabolism, purine metabolism, and the pentose phosphate pathway. Furthermore, absolute quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis suggested that GsB01 may increase the abundance of endophytic bacteria in G. sinensis. The 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing revealed changes in the endophytic landscape in stems and roots following GsB01 introduction, particularly with significant variation in the dominant bacterial genera within the stems.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The study highlights GsB01's potential against plant wilt and suggests that its antifungal activity is achieved by secreting antifungal metabolites. The study also recorded changes in the symbiotic microbiota within trees that had been infected with a pathogenic fungus and subsequently treated with an endophytic antagonistic bacterial strain. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.</p>","PeriodicalId":218,"journal":{"name":"Pest Management Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142581596","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}