Pest Management Science最新文献

{"title":"Advantages of diapause in Anastatus japonicus Ashmead mass production on eggs of the Chinese oak silkworm, Antheraea pernyi","authors":"Can Zhao,&nbsp;Yue Xia,&nbsp;Jun-Jian Xiao,&nbsp;Zi-Xin Liu,&nbsp;Zhang Bao-Xin,&nbsp;Dun-Song Li","doi":"10.1002/ps.7807","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ps.7807","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> BACKGROUND</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p><i>Anastatus japonicus</i> Ashmead, a biological control agent utilized in China to control fruit bugs and forest caterpillars, is efficiently raised on large Chinese oak silkworm (<i>Antheraea pernyi</i>) eggs. Here, we investigated the biological parameters of non-diapaused and diapaused <i>Anastatus japonicus</i> after long-term storage within eggs of the host, <i>Antheraea pernyi</i>, under laboratory conditions.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> RESULTS</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Diapaused mature larvae of <i>Anastatus japonicus</i> were more cold-tolerant than non-diapaused mature larvae, as reflected by a lower supercoiling point, lower freezing point, and higher survival rate at cold temperatures. Diapause induction enhanced the lifespan, fecundity and oviposition period of <i>Anastatus japonicus</i> than non-diapaused <i>Anastatus japonicus</i> when refrigerated for 6 months. However, after 12 months of refrigeration, the fecundity and oviposition period of <i>Anastatus japonicus</i> were significantly reduced with and without diapause. No difference in the progeny sex ratio of <i>Anastatus japonicus</i> was observed between diapause-induction treatment and those of non-diapaused. With the extension of refrigeration period from 6 months to 12 months, the lifespan, fecundity and oviposition period of <i>Anastatus japonicus</i> which were treated with diapause induction showed a sharp decrease. No significantly difference in the lifespan, fecundity and oviposition period of <i>Anastatus japonicus</i> was observed between diapause-induction treatment and those of non-diapaused when refrigerated for 12 months.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> CONCLUSION</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>These results suggest that the induction of diapause is an applicable technique to achieve mass production of <i>Anastatus japonicus</i> in long-term storage using eggs of the factitious host <i>Antheraea pernyi</i>, without compromising the quality of the parasitoid. The refrigeration period of diapaused <i>Anastatus japonicus</i> should not exceed 6 months. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":218,"journal":{"name":"Pest Management Science","volume":"80 2","pages":"756-762"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2023-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41092541","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Host-virus interaction between tobacco mild green mosaic virus strain U2 and tropical soda apple resulting in systemic hypersensitive necrosis and the host range, survival, spread, and molecular characterization of the virus","authors":"Raghavan Charudattan,&nbsp;Ernest Hiebert,&nbsp;Matthew S. Pettersen,&nbsp;Jonathan R. Horrell,&nbsp;Mark S. Elliott,&nbsp;James T. DeValerio,&nbsp;Gabriella S. Maia,&nbsp;Thais Balbao Clemente Bueno de Oliveira","doi":"10.1002/ps.7802","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ps.7802","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> BACKGROUND</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Tobacco mild green mosaic virus strain U2 (TMGMV-U2) is a registered active ingredient in a bioherbicide to control tropical soda apple (TSA), <i>Solanum viarum</i>, an invasive weed. As required for registration, we developed empirical data on the host-virus interaction and the virus's host range, survival, spread, and genomic sequence.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> RESULTS</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>TMGMV-U2 killed TSA plants by causing systemic hypersensitive necrosis (SHN). It elicited local lesions in inoculated leaves which was followed by the plant's wilting and death. It moved from inoculated terminal leaves through the vasculature to roots and then to newly developed leaves. Phloem death was implicated in wilting and plant death. The SHN response was attenuated in plants grown at constant 32 °C. TMGMV-U2 titer in TSA was low compared to a systemically susceptible tobacco. The virus remained infective for up to 6 months in infected dead TSA tissues and in soil in which infected plants had grown. Susceptible tobacco and pepper plants grown in soil that previously had infected dead TSA or in soil amended with the virus remained asymptomatic and virus-free. A susceptible pepper crop grown in a field block following two consecutive crops of TMGMV-U2-infected susceptible tobacco grew disease-free and virus-free and without yield loss. Purified TMGMV-U2 was infective for 1 year when stored at −20 °C or 5 °C and for 1 month at room temperature. No virus spread was found in the field. Genomic analyses confirmed the registered isolate to be a U2 strain and free of satellite TMV. The TMGMV-U2-susceptible species preponderantly belonged to the Solanaceae. A few hosts that were killed belonged to this family. Several new hosts to TMGMV-U2 were found. These data enabled registration of TMGMV-U2.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> CONCLUSION</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>TMGMV-U2 can be used safely as a bioherbicide without risks to nontarget plants and the environment. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":218,"journal":{"name":"Pest Management Science","volume":"80 1","pages":"176-191"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2023-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41094037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Does monitoring pests pay off? a bioeconomic assessment of Drosophila suzukii controls","authors":"D. Adeline Yeh,&nbsp;Bingyan Dai,&nbsp;Miguel I. Gómez,&nbsp;Vaughn M. Walton","doi":"10.1002/ps.7801","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ps.7801","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> BACKGROUND</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p><i>Drosophila suzukii</i> is a significant invasive pest that has caused high management costs and economic losses for blueberry growers in the United States. The status quo control strategy commonly used by growers is to apply pesticides proactively and frequently to reduce infestation. Recent studies have shown that the calendar-based spraying strategy might be unsustainable in the long term, making the reduction of pesticide reliance a top priority for the berry industry. Incorporating pest monitoring into the control strategy could be an option to improve efficiency while reducing pesticide usage. This study assesses the economic implications of monitoring-based control strategies compared to calendar-based spraying control strategies for organic blueberry production in Oregon. We combine a <i>D. suzukii</i> population model into the economic simulation framework, evaluate two monitoring methods (adult trapping and fruit sampling), and identify the profit-maximizing control strategy under different scenarios.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> RESULTS</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In the baseline scenario, control strategies that incorporate fruit sampling exhibit the highest average profits. Although the status quo control strategy (spraying every 3 days) generates higher average revenue than monitoring-based strategies, the cost from the higher number of pesticide application offsets the returns.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> CONCLUSION</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study uses a novel bioeconomic simulation framework to show that incorporating fruit sampling can be a promising tool to reduce pesticide reliance while controlling <i>D. suzukii</i> infestation. These findings provide clearer information on the economic viability of using monitoring-based pest control strategies in organic berry production, and the assessment framework sheds light on the economics of pest management. © 2023 The Authors. <i>Pest Management Science</i> published by John Wiley &amp; Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":218,"journal":{"name":"Pest Management Science","volume":"80 2","pages":"708-723"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2023-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ps.7801","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41097641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Co-inoculation timing affects the interspecific interactions between phoma stem canker pathogens Leptosphaeria maculans and Leptosphaeria biglobosa","authors":"Evren Bingol,&nbsp;Aiming Qi,&nbsp;Chinthani Karandeni-Dewage,&nbsp;Faye Ritchie,&nbsp;Bruce D. L. Fitt,&nbsp;Yong-Ju Huang","doi":"10.1002/ps.7799","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ps.7799","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> BACKGROUND</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Phoma stem canker is an economically important disease of oilseed rape, caused by two co-existing fungal pathogen species, <i>Leptosphaeria maculans</i> (<i>Plenodomus lingam</i>) and <i>Leptosphaeria biglobosa</i> (<i>Plenodomus biglobosus</i>). <i>Leptosphaeria maculans</i> produces a phytotoxin called sirodesmin PL. Our previous work showed that <i>L. biglobosa</i> has an antagonistic effect on the production of sirodesmin PL if it is simultaneously co-inoculated with <i>L. maculans</i>. However, the effects of sequential co-inoculation on interspecific interactions between the two pathogens are not understood.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> RESULTS</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The interactions between <i>L. maculans</i> and <i>L. biglobosa</i> were investigated in liquid culture by inoculation with <i>L. maculans</i> first, followed by <i>L. biglobosa</i> sequentially at 1, 3, 5 or 7 days later and vice versa; the controls were inoculated with <i>L. maculans</i> only, <i>L. biglobosa</i> only, or <i>L. maculans</i> and <i>L. biglobosa</i> simultaneously. The results showed that <i>L. biglobosa</i> inhibited the growth of <i>L. maculans</i>, the production of both sirodesmin PL and its precursors if <i>L. biglobosa</i> was inoculated before, or simultaneously with, <i>L. maculans</i>. However, the antagonistic effects of <i>L. biglobosa</i> were lost if it was co-inoculated 5 or 7 days after <i>L. maculans</i>.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> CONCLUSION</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>For the first time, the results of this study provided evidence that the timing when <i>L. maculans</i> and <i>L. biglobosa</i> meet significantly influences the outcome of the interspecific competition between them. <i>Leptosphaeria biglobosa</i> can inhibit the production of sirodesmin PL and the growth of <i>L. maculans</i> if it is inoculated before <i>L. maculans</i> or less than 3 days after <i>L. maculans</i> in liquid culture. There is a need to further investigate the timing of co-inoculation on interactions between <i>L. maculans</i> and <i>L. biglobosa</i> in their host plants for improving the control of phoma stem canker. © 2023 The Authors. <i>Pest Management Science</i> published by John Wiley &amp; Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":218,"journal":{"name":"Pest Management Science","volume":"80 5","pages":"2443-2452"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2023-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ps.7799","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41099319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficient qPCR estimation and discrimination of airborne inoculum of Leptosphaeria maculans and L. biglobosa, the causal organisms of phoma leaf spotting and stem canker of oilseed rape","authors":"Joanna Kaczmarek,&nbsp;Jonathan S West,&nbsp;Kevin M King,&nbsp;Gail G M Canning,&nbsp;Akinwunmi O Latunde-Dada,&nbsp;Yong-Ju Huang,&nbsp;Bruce D L Fitt,&nbsp;Malgorzata Jedryczka","doi":"10.1002/ps.7800","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ps.7800","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> BACKGROUND</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Detection of the inoculum of phytopathogens greatly assists in the management of diseases, but is difficult for pathogens with airborne fungal propagules. Here, we present experiments to determine the abundance and distribution frequencies of the ascospores of <i>Leptosphaeria</i> (<i>Plenodomus</i>) species that were collected on the tapes of volumetric Hirst-type traps near oilseed rape fields in Poznan, Poland and Harpenden, UK. Fungal detection and species discrimination were achieved using a SYBR-Green quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) with two different pairs of primers previously reported to differentiate <i>Leptosphaeria maculans</i> (<i>Plenodomus lingam</i>) or <i>L. biglobosa</i> (<i>P. biglobosus</i>).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> RESULTS</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Detection was successful even at fewer than five spores per m³ of air. The primer pairs differed in the correlation coefficients obtained between DNA yields and the daily abundance of ascospores that were quantified by microscopy on duplicate halves of the spore trap tapes. Important differences in the specificity and sensitivity of the published SYBR-Green assays were also found, indicating that the Liu primers did not detect <i>L. biglobosa</i> subclade ‘canadensis’, whereas the Mahuku primers detected <i>L. biglobosa</i> subclade ‘canadensis’ and also the closely related <i>Plenodomus dezfulensis.</i></p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> CONCLUSIONS</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Comparisons confirmed that application of qPCR assays to spore trap samples can be used for the early detection, discrimination and quantification of aerially dispersed <i>L. maculans</i> and <i>L. biglobosa</i> propagules before leaf spot symptoms are visible in winter oilseed rape fields. The specificity of the primers must be taken into consideration because the final result will greatly depend on the local population of the pathogen. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":218,"journal":{"name":"Pest Management Science","volume":"80 5","pages":"2453-2460"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2023-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41090476","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the association between social media and farmers' knowledge of a worldwide invasive agricultural pest, Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)","authors":"Dongming Chen,&nbsp;Liyun Zhang,&nbsp;Ya Peng,&nbsp;Xiaozheng Si","doi":"10.1002/ps.7796","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ps.7796","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> BACKGROUND</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Public education has profound effects on the management effectiveness of invasive alien species by shaping stakeholders' knowledge systems. However, our understanding of the association between social media and farmers' knowledge is lacking for the majority of invasive agricultural pests. In this study, we used the fall armyworm (FAW), <i>Spodoptera frugiperda</i>, one of the most invasive insects globally, as a case to test the hypothesis that social media has a significant association with farmers' knowledge of FAW. To address this, we developed a theoretical framework, conducted extensive household questionnaires in the China-Myanmar-Laos border region (China), and used quantitative descriptions and binary logistic regressions in statistical analyses.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> RESULTS</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Our results showed that (1) farmers frequently reported using 12 social media applications on smartphones (SMASs), and obtained FAW-relevant information from six of them, with high preferences for WeChat and TikTok, (2) farmers possessed a generally high level of knowledge of FAW which was significantly associated with their socio-demographic profiles, and (3) FAW-relevant information from SMASs was significantly associated with certain aspects of farmers' knowledge of FAW.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> CONCLUSIONS</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We concluded that social media has a significant association with farmers' knowledge of FAW. We suggest that well-designed and -conducted educational programs based on the use of SMASs could help improve the management of FAW, and the Department of Agricultural Extension could play an important and necessary role. Our findings provide insights into this novel educational approach for the management of serious invasive agricultural pests. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":218,"journal":{"name":"Pest Management Science","volume":"80 2","pages":"678-686"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2023-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41093195","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"RNA interference against the putative insulin receptor substrate gene IRS1 affects growth and development in the pest natural enemy Pardosa pseudoannulata","authors":"Xuelai Li,&nbsp;Wei Li,&nbsp;Shichang Zhang,&nbsp;Wen Sang,&nbsp;Yu Peng,&nbsp;Yao Zhao","doi":"10.1002/ps.7792","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ps.7792","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> BACKGROUND</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Insulin signalling pathways play crucial roles in regulating growth and development in insects, but their effects on the growth and development of Arachnids, such as spiders, have rarely been studied. As a valuable pest natural enemy in agricultural fields, the molecular mechanisms of insulin signalling pathway-mediated growth and development of the wolf spider, <i>Pardosa pseudoannulata</i>, are of particular interest.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> RESULTS</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In this study, we identified and characterized six insulin signalling pathway genes – <i>InR</i>, <i>InR2</i>, <i>IRS1</i>, <i>PI3K1</i>, <i>PI3K2</i>, and <i>PDK</i> – in <i>Pardosa pseudoannulata</i>. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction results were used to analyse the relative expression levels of the six genes in different developmental instars and tissues, and in response to starvation treatment. In addition, the function of the insulin receptor substrate (<i>IRS1</i>) gene was investigated using RNA interference technology, which found that <i>IRS1</i> significantly influenced nutrient content, developmental duration, body weight, and gonad development.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> CONCLUSION</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study revealed the roles of six key insulin signalling pathway genes in <i>Pardosa pseudoannulat</i>a, and in particular the importance of the <i>IRS1</i> gene in regulating growth and development in the spider. The results lay the foundation for further research on the internal regulation mechanisms of growth and development in Araneae species, and also provide a reference for the artificial breeding of spiders. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":218,"journal":{"name":"Pest Management Science","volume":"80 2","pages":"648-660"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2023-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41090921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Combined nighttime ultraviolet B irradiation and phytoseiid mite application provide optimal control of the spider mite Tetranychus urticae on greenhouse strawberry plants","authors":"Masaya Tanaka,&nbsp;Junya Yase,&nbsp;Takeshi Kanto,&nbsp;Masahiro Osakabe","doi":"10.1002/ps.7798","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ps.7798","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> BACKGROUND</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p><i>Tetranychus urticae</i> is a hard-to-control pest of greenhouse strawberry production. Nighttime ultraviolet B (UV-B) radiation using light reflection sheets (LRS) has been applied as a physical method to control <i>T. urticae</i> through direct ovicidal effects (the UV method). However, because strawberry leaves grow more densely, UV-B radiation fails to reach the lower leaf surfaces inhabited by spider mites; therefore, a complementary method is required. We propose the supplemental application of phytoseiid mites in greenhouse strawberry production. We evaluated the control effects of UV-B irradiation, phytoseiid mite application and their combined use. The effects of UV-B irradiation on the degree of overlap relative to the independent distributions (<i>ω</i>) between predators and prey were also analyzed.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> RESULTS</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The UV method alone maintained low <i>T. urticae</i> density levels from November to February; however, mite populations increased from March onward. Phytoseiid mite application in January and February without UV-B irradiation resulted in a temporary increase in spider mites in March and/or April. By contrast, combined application of the UV method and phytoseiid mites had a greater control effect during the strawberry growing season. The <i>ω</i> values were higher for the UV method compared with no UV-B irradiation, suggesting that UV-B irradiation increased phytoseiid mite foraging rates.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> CONCLUSION</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The release of phytoseiid mites compensated for the shortcomings of the UV method, and UV-B irradiation promoted predation by phytoseiid mites by increasing the behavioral numerical response. Consequently, combined application of UV-B irradiation and phytoseiid mites is optimal for <i>T. urticae</i> control in greenhouse strawberry production. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":218,"journal":{"name":"Pest Management Science","volume":"80 2","pages":"698-707"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2023-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41092880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pleiotropic effects of N-acylhomoserine lactone synthase ExpI on virulence, competition, and transmission in Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum Pcc21","authors":"Jihee Kang,&nbsp;Hye Min Yoon,&nbsp;Jaejoon Jung,&nbsp;Seonmi Yu,&nbsp;Shin-Yae Choi,&nbsp;Hee-Won Bae,&nbsp;You-Hee Cho,&nbsp;Eui-Hwan Chung,&nbsp;Yunho Lee","doi":"10.1002/ps.7797","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ps.7797","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> BACKGROUND</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p><i>Pectobacterium</i> species are necrotrophic phytopathogenic bacteria that cause soft rot disease in economically important crops. The successful infection of host plants relies on interactions among virulence factors, competition, and transmission within hosts. Pectobacteria primarily produce and secrete plant cell-wall degrading enzymes (PCWDEs) for virulence. The regulation of PCWDEs is controlled by quorum sensing (QS). Thus, the QS system is crucial for disease development in pectobacteria through PCWDEs.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> RESULTS</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In this study, we identified a Tn-insertion mutant, M2, in the <i>expI</i> gene from a transposon mutant library of <i>P. carotovorum</i> subsp. <i>carotovorum</i> Pcc21 (hereafter Pcc21). The mutant exhibited reduced production and secretion of PCWDEs, impaired flagellar motility, and increased sensitivity to hydrogen peroxide, resulting in attenuated soft rot symptoms in cabbage and potato tubers. Transcriptomic analysis revealed the down-regulation of genes involved in the production and secretion in the mutant, consistent with the observed phenotype. Furthermore, the Pcc21 wild-type transiently colonized in the gut of <i>Drosophila melanogaster</i> within 12 h after feeding, while the mutant compromised colonization phenotype. Interestingly, Pcc21 produces a bacteriocin, carocin D, to compete with other bacteria. The mutant exhibited up-regulation of carocin D-encoding genes (<i>caro</i>DK) and inhibited the growth of a closely related bacterium, <i>P. wasabiae</i>.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> CONCLUSION</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Our results demonstrated the significance of ExpI in the overall pathogenic lifestyle of Pcc21, including virulence, competition, and colonization in plant and insect hosts. These findings suggest that disease outcome is a result of complex interactions mediated by ExpI across multiple steps. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":218,"journal":{"name":"Pest Management Science","volume":"80 2","pages":"687-697"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2023-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41092932","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effective delivery and selective insecticidal activity of double-stranded RNA via complexation with diblock copolymer varies with polymer block composition","authors":"Charlotte E. Pugsley,&nbsp;R. Elwyn Isaac,&nbsp;Nicholas J. Warren,&nbsp;Martin Stacey,&nbsp;Calum T. J. Ferguson,&nbsp;Kaat Cappelle,&nbsp;Rosa Dominguez-Espinosa,&nbsp;Olivier J. Cayre","doi":"10.1002/ps.7793","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ps.7793","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> BACKGROUND</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Chemical insecticides are an important tool to control damaging pest infestations. However, lack of species specificity, the rise of resistance and the demand for biological alternatives with improved ecotoxicity profiles means that chemicals with new modes of action are required. RNA interference (RNAi)-based strategies using double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) as a species-specific bio-insecticide offer an exquisite solution that addresses these issues. Many species, such as the fruit pest <i>Drosophila suzukii</i>, do not exhibit RNAi when dsRNA is orally administered due to degradation by gut nucleases and slow cellular uptake pathways. Thus, delivery vehicles that protect and deliver dsRNA are highly desirable.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> RESULTS</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In this work, we demonstrate the complexation of <i>D. suzukii</i>-specific dsRNA for degradation of <i>vha26</i> mRNA with bespoke diblock copolymers. We study the <i>ex vivo</i> protection of dsRNA against enzymatic degradation by gut enzymes, which demonstrates the efficiency of this system. Flow cytometry then investigates the cellular uptake of Cy3-labelled dsRNA, showing a 10-fold increase in the mean fluorescence intensity of cells treated with polyplexes. The polymer/dsRNA polyplexes induced a significant 87% decrease in the odds of survival of <i>D. suzukii</i> larvae following oral feeding only when formed with a diblock copolymer containing a long neutral block length (1:2 cationic block/neutral block). However, there was no toxicity when fed to the closely related <i>Drosophila melanogaster</i>.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> CONCLUSION</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We provide evidence that dsRNA complexation with diblock copolymers is a promising strategy for RNAi-based species-specific pest control, but optimisation of polymer composition is essential for RNAi success. © 2023 The Authors. <i>Pest Management Science</i> published by John Wiley &amp; Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":218,"journal":{"name":"Pest Management Science","volume":"80 2","pages":"669-677"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2023-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ps.7793","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41093700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}