Pest Management Science最新文献

{"title":"Mutations M918T, M918L, and L1014F impair pyrethroid binding and alter gating of the Megalurothrips usitatus sodium channel.","authors":"Likui Wang, Ruibo Gao, Guoliang Xia, Linlin Yuan, Kun Zhang, Peng Cao, Fen Li, Shaoying Wu","doi":"10.1002/ps.71006","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ps.71006","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Mutations M918T/L and L1014F in the voltage-gated sodium channel (VGSC) are major causes of pyrethroid resistance in insects, but their functional effects in thrips remain unclear. We used Megalurothrips usitatus sodium channel (MuNa_v1-1) expression system to determine how these mutations affect channel gating and pyrethroid sensitivity.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Electrophysiological analysis revealed that mutations shifted the voltage dependence of activation and inactivation. Notably, the L1014F mutation shifted the voltage dependence of activation by 8.32 mV in the depolarizing direction compared with wild-type MuNa_v1-1, whereas M918L resulted in a hyperpolarizing shift of 3.15 mV. Similarly, compared with wild-type MuNa_v1-1, L1014F and the double mutant M918T/L1014F shifted the voltage dependence of fast inactivation in the depolarizing direction by 5.52 and 6.23 mV, respectively. All mutants drastically reduced channel sensitivity to bifenthrin, permethrin, deltamethrin, and λ-cyhalothrin. The M918L mutant showed the greatest reduction in sensitivity (up to 40-fold), whereas the double mutant exhibited a strong synergistic resistance effect. Computational modeling indicated that the mutation directly impairs the binding affinity through the loss of hydrophobic contacts, with M918T severely disrupting hydrophobic interactions and L1014F inducing steric hindrance.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study provides direct evidence that M918T/L and L1014F mediate pyrethroid resistance in M. usitatus and other thrips species by altering VGSC gating properties and reducing pyrethroid sensitivity. These findings advance the functional understanding of kdr and super-kdr mutations in thrips and provide a critical basis for targeted resistance monitoring and the rational design of insecticide management strategies. © 2026 Society of Chemical Industry.</p>","PeriodicalId":218,"journal":{"name":"Pest Management Science","volume":" ","pages":"9716-9728"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13569332/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148238372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multimodal targets of (-)-α-thujone mediating avoidance behavior of a stored-products pest, Tribolium castaneum, in response to irritant stimuli.","authors":"Kenji Shimomura, Yuto Suzuki, Soshi Ino, Takehito Terajima, Motohiro Tomizawa","doi":"10.1002/ps.70995","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ps.70995","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The reciprocal evolutionary processes among phytophagous insects and host plants involve host shift in the herbivorous insects in response to defense chemicals, such as plant-derived terpenoid compounds that comprise a key element for adaptive radiation, leading to chemosensory diversification. To reveal the multimodal chemosensory targets mediating avoidance behavior of insects in response to irritant stimuli, in this study, we explored multimodal target molecules toward (-)-α-thujone, a bicyclic monoterpenoid compound, focusing on the red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The area-preference test revealed significant avoidance behavior in adult T. castaneum toward (-)-α-thujone. We applied systemic RNAi methodology to knock down hypothesized targets; knocking down the resistance to a dieldrin (Rdl) subunit comprising a γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-activated receptor significantly suppressed the avoidance behavior toward (-)-α-thujone, rather than l-menthol. Avoidance behaviors were significantly suppressed after knocking down thermo (TcTRPM) and non-thermo (TcTRPL) TRP channels. Subsequently, quantitative reverse transcription (qRT)-PCR-based spatial expression analysis of TcRdl and TcTRPL revealed high TcRdl transcript expression in the head, followed by the antenna, and prominent TcTRPL transcript expression in the head. Furthermore, the reduced avoidance behavior in antenna-dissected and knockdown of the olfactory receptor coreceptor (TcOrco) lines confirmed the involvement of antenna in the underlying mechanism.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The results reflected potential molecular targets including non-thermo TRP channel involved in (-)-α-thujone-mediated avoidance behavior in T. castaneum and indicated multimodality, as exhibited by N,N-diethyl-3-methylbenzamide (DEET), the gold standard of repellent, providing useful insight for further research on the development of new repellents and excito-repellents. © 2026 The Author(s). Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.</p>","PeriodicalId":218,"journal":{"name":"Pest Management Science","volume":" ","pages":"9592-9598"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13569170/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148203549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"RNase III-deficient Bacillus thuringiensis enables stable dsRNA production and enhances HD1 activity against Spodoptera frugiperda.","authors":"Yuanhong Zhu, Dengtian Cao, Tongtong Guo, Xin Zhang, Yang Luo, Xinyu Li, Hongjia Yang, Mingxia Zhang, Shuyuan Guo, Fuping Song","doi":"10.1002/ps.71023","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ps.71023","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Spodoptera frugiperda is one of the most important invasive agricultural pests in China. Integrating RNA interference (RNAi) with Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt)-based biocontrol represents a promising strategy for pest control. However, efficient dsRNA production in Bt remains challenging as endogenous RNase activity limits dsRNA stability and accumulation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In this study, an RNase III-deficient Bt strain, DBΔrnc, was generated using an optimized CRISPR-Cas9 system. Deficiency of RNase III markedly enhanced intracellular dsRNA accumulation. A hairpin dsRNA construct exhibited higher transcript levels than the dual-promoter construct, especially in the DBΔrnc background. Oral delivery of Bt expressed hairpin dsRNA targeting the endochitinase gene SfCHI of S. frugiperda induced effective gene silencing and caused pupation defects. Moreover, co-application with Bt HD1 strain significantly increased larval mortality in both neonate and 2^nd-instar larvae.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Collectively, our findings highlight that the RNase III-deficient strain DBΔrnc is an efficient chassis for dsRNA expression. Furthermore, the enhanced insecticidal activity from co-application of DBΔrnc(hpdsCHI) and HD1 demonstrates the feasibility of integrating RNAi with Bt-based pest control. © 2026 Society of Chemical Industry.</p>","PeriodicalId":218,"journal":{"name":"Pest Management Science","volume":" ","pages":"9889-9898"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13569316/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148222291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Wolbachia strain wLhui induces temperature-dependent incomplete cytoplasmic incompatibility in the invasive pest Liriomyza huidobrensis with biocontrol potential.","authors":"Yu-Xi Zhu, Ya-Xin Duan, Xin-Yu Wang, Xing-Long Zhou, Lei Chen, Yu-Zhou Du","doi":"10.1002/ps.71028","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ps.71028","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Wolbachia is a maternally inherited endosymbiont that manipulates host reproduction through cytoplasmic incompatibility (CI), offering promising opportunities for biocontrol of agricultural pests. The leaf-miner Liriomyza huidobrensis (Blanchard) is a globally invasive and highly polyphagous pest with a high incidence of Wolbachia infection; however, its reproductive effects remain poorly understood. Here, we investigated the reproductive manipulation induced by the Wolbachia strain wLhui using genomics analyses and crossing assays.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>wLhui localized primarily to the reproductive tissues of both female and male adults and maintained a 100% infection prevalence across three host generations under both low (15 and 20 °C) and moderate (25 °C) temperatures. Crossing assays showed that wLhui induced incomplete CI, reducing egg hatch by approximately 30% in incompatible crosses. Both CI strength (s_h) and wLhui density varied with host rearing temperature. Genome sequencing revealed that wLhui (approximately 1.27 Mb) belongs to supergroup A and harbors two pairs of CI factor genes (cifA and cifB). These Cif proteins are classified as Type I and exhibit substantial phylogenetic and structural divergence. Expression of CifB-pair1 caused growth defects in yeast, suggesting that CifB-pair1 exhibits toxicity. However, no direct interaction between CifA and CifB was detected by yeast two-hybrid assays.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These findings elucidate the role and molecular basis of wLhui-induced reproductive manipulation and highlight its potential for developing Wolbachia-based biocontrol strategies against leaf-miner pests. © 2026 Society of Chemical Industry.</p>","PeriodicalId":218,"journal":{"name":"Pest Management Science","volume":" ","pages":"9920-9930"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13569196/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148222318","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unprecedented novel 2-aryl-1-phenethyl-4,5-diphenyl-1H-imidazole compounds: Design, synthesis, toxicological activity, and biochemical studies.","authors":"Aamal A Al Mutairi, Laila S Alqarni, Mohamed A Gad, Amer A Amer, Ali Q Alorabi, Antar A Abdelhamid","doi":"10.1002/ps.71012","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ps.71012","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The exponential rise in resistance to conventional chemical pesticides is a major motivator for the creation of novel insecticidal activity. To get over this barrier, it is essential to look for novel insecticidal chemical types with unique modes of action. Several new imidazole compounds with a carboxylic acid were created, manufactured, and examined for their insecticidal and acaricidal effects in an effort to find new agrochemicals with noteworthy pesticidal qualities.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>p-toluenesulfonic acid was utilized as a catalytic compound in a one-pot, four-component reaction involving diphenylethane-1,2-dione, phenylethylamine, aromatic carbaldehydes, and NH₄Ac to effectively synthesize polysubstituted imidazole derivatives 5-11 under microwave irradiation (200 W, 100 °C) for 5-7 min. The structure of all the designed materials was recognized via elemental and spectral (¹H NMR and ¹³C NMR) analyses. The insecticidal efficiency of the imidazoles obtained was evaluated against Aphis gossypii. All tested compounds exhibited insecticidal activity with varied LC₅₀ values. The derivative 8 showed the highest insecticidal activity, closest to that of imidacloprid, followed by 5, across both nymph and adult stages. Additionally, a biochemical study was conducted to scrutinize the effects of the three most active imidazoles, 5, 6 and 8, on the total protein, total lipid, amylase, Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST), Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT), acid and alkaline phosphatase of the insect.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The data of the contemporaneous study indicate that the tested imidazoles have strong potential for presence in integrated pest management programs targeting A. gossypii. © 2026 Society of Chemical Industry.</p>","PeriodicalId":218,"journal":{"name":"Pest Management Science","volume":" ","pages":"9778-9786"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13569269/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148256866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of nonchemical, organic and synthetic Varroa destructor control strategies in honey bee colonies: effects on parasite load, colony strength and health","authors":"Leon M. Reinhold, Kirsten S. Traynor","doi":"10.1002/ps.71364","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ps.71364","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND <jats:italic>Varroa destructor</jats:italic> remains the most significant biotic threat to honey bee colonies, and increasing resistance to synthetic acaricides necessitates alternative control strategies. This study compared four season‐long <jats:italic>Varroa</jats:italic> management strategies that differed in spring drone‐brood management and late‐summer treatment strategy: (i) synthetic treatment without drone‐brood removal; (ii) the organic Baden–Württemberg (BW) concept; (iii) an integrated oxalic acid ‘split and treat’ strategy; and (iv) brood availability manipulation (BAM), a biotechnical strategy combining systematic drone‐brood removal and queen confinement. RESULTS Intensive drone‐brood removal effectively suppressed seasonal mite population growth, whereas more limited removal provided only moderate control. Colonies in the synthetic treatment strategy, which did not include drone‐brood removal, exceeded treatment thresholds by mid‐summer. Late‐summer treatment efficacy differed among strategies, with BAM and the BW concept achieving the most consistent mite reduction, whereas the integrated strategy showed lower and more variable efficacy. Residual infestation levels reflected these differences. CONCLUSION Colony performance, including strength, worker emergence weight, fat body reserves and virus prevalence, did not differ among treatments. No statistically detectable differences in honey yield were observed, although this exploratory analysis was limited by the number of colonies within individual treatment groups. Winter bee longevity showed minor variation, with slightly extended survival in BAM colonies. These findings demonstrate that seasonally integrated biotechnical management can effectively control <jats:italic>V. destructor</jats:italic> without compromising colony performance, providing a sustainable alternative to synthetic acaricides under temperate Central European conditions. © 2026 The Author(s). <jats:italic>Pest Management Science</jats:italic> published by John Wiley &amp; Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.","PeriodicalId":218,"journal":{"name":"Pest Management Science","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149086193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Management of the devastating pest of potato Phthorimaea operculella Zeller (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) through oviposition deterrent.","authors":"Jing Li, Junjie Yan, Fathiya M Khamis, Yulin Gao","doi":"10.1002/ps.71002","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ps.71002","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The potato tuber moth (PTM), Phthorimaea operculella, is a major global pest threatening potato production. Wild potato species, possessing rich genetic diversity and valuable resistance traits, serve as a crucial genetic reservoir for improving cultivated varieties.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>This study aimed to identify specific wild potato volatiles that mediate host-plant resistance by deterring oviposition in P. operculella. Oviposition cage assays revealed significantly lower egg deposition on wild species leaves compared to susceptible cultivated varieties. These results indicated that the pest had oviposition preference for the cultivated potato varieties, or the wild potato varieties may emit volatiles that deter gravid females, thus influencing oviposition selection. Comparative gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis identified nine volatiles that were either specific to or elevated in wild potato varieties. Significant dose-dependent electroantennogram (EAG) responses from gravid moths were recorded for five of these compounds: benzaldehyde, acetic acid, propanoic acid, γ-terpinene, and (E)-2-hexenal. In subsequent behavioral assays, olfactory repellence in a four-arm olfactometer was induced by benzaldehyde (from 10 μg) and γ-terpinene (from 100 μg), whereas (E)-2-hexenal was effective only at the highest tested dose (1000 μg). In parallel oviposition preference tests, both benzaldehyde and γ-terpinene significantly deterred egg-laying at a lower dose of 10 μg, whereas (E)-2-hexenal required 1000 μg to achieve a similar inhibitory effect.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings provide experimental evidence and a theoretical basis for subsequent research on insect chemical communication and demonstrate the potential of these compounds for developing ecology-based strategies in integrated PTM management. © 2026 Society of Chemical Industry.</p>","PeriodicalId":218,"journal":{"name":"Pest Management Science","volume":" ","pages":"9666-9674"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13569298/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148161243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pseudomonas chlororaphis IRHB3 suppresses Soybean mosaic virus by coordinating photosynthetic protection, ROS homeostasis and hormone-mediated immunity.","authors":"Xiaoli Chang, Yanru Zhou, Ling Chen, Weiying Zeng, Zudong Sun, Yuze Li, Xiaoling Wu, Feng Yang, Taiwen Yong","doi":"10.1002/ps.71082","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ps.71082","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Soybean mosaic virus (SMV) causes substantial yield losses of soybean worldwide. Although Pseudomonas chlororaphis IRHB3 is known to promote soybean growth and suppress fungal diseases, however, its efficacy against SMV has remained unclear. This study evaluated IRHB3 impacts on SMV infection and explored the underlying physiological and molecular mechanism.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Foliar application of IRHB3 significantly reduced SMV disease index, with control efficacy of 52.69%, and decreased viral accumulation in inoculated and systemic leaves. IRHB3 also alleviated SMV-induced growth inhibition and partially rescued yield-related traits. Mechanistically, IRHB3 preserved chloroplast ultrastructure and mitigated photosynthetic damage, increasing net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, chlorophyll contents by 29.95%, 36.11%, and 24.31%, respectively, relative to SMV-infected plants, while also improving chlorophyll fluorescence parameters (effective quantum yield of photosystem II (Φ_PSII), electron transport rate (ETR), non-photochemical quenching (NPQ), and the maximum quantum yield of photosystem II (Fv/Fm)). In parallel, IRHB3 elevated antioxidant enzyme activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), and catalase (CAT), and reduced reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA) accumulation, and thereby alleviated oxidative damage. IRHB3 also up-regulated photosynthesis-related genes and activated defense-associated genes in the jasmonic acid (JA) and salicylic acid (SA) signaling pathways.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These results indicate that IRHB3 protects soybean against SMV through coordinated effects on viral accumulation, chloroplast integrity, photosynthetic performance, redox homeostasis, and hormone-mediated immunity, highlighting its potential as a biocontrol agent for viral diseases management in soybean. © 2026 Society of Chemical Industry.</p>","PeriodicalId":218,"journal":{"name":"Pest Management Science","volume":" ","pages":"10471-10482"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13569109/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148358553","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification of broadly expressed nervous system-related genes as effective RNAi targets in the brown marmorated stink bug, Halyomorpha halys.","authors":"Nirakar Panda, Aline Koch, Venkata Partha Sarathi Amineni","doi":"10.1002/ps.71021","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ps.71021","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The brown marmorated stink bug, Halyomorpha halys (BMSB), is an invasive polyphagous pest causing major losses in fruit and field crops in Europe and the Americas. With insecticide options increasingly limited by resistance and regulatory restrictions, RNA interference (RNAi) offers a species-specific alternative. As RNAi is fully functional in BMSB following hemolymph injection, we evaluated neuronal and neuron-associated genes as systemic RNAi targets using dsRNA microinjection.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A literature screen of >80 insect RNAi targets identified 12 neuronal/synaptic genes, from which five were selected in BMSB: acetylcholinesterase (HhAChE), alpha-soluble NSF attachment protein (HhAsnap), Shaker (HhSh), tyrosine hydroxylase (HhTh) and Ras opposite protein (HhRop). Previously published transcriptomic data showed HhAChE, HhSh and HhTh were enriched in brain/central nervous system, whereas HhAsnap and HhRop were broadly expressed at higher abundance. Adults injected with dsRNA (334-364 bp; 2 μL, 1000 ng/μL) targeting HhAsnap or HhRop showed strong mortality: 96.8% (30/31) and 100% (34/34) by Day (D)13, respectively (log-rank, P < 0.0001). By contrast, there was no significant difference between insects injected with dsRNA targeting HhAche, HhSh and HhTh and the negative controls. Feeding assays showed >60% reductions in salivary sheath formation from D4 to D8 after dsAsnap or dsRop treatment. Quantitative real-time (qRT)-PCR at 72 h confirmed ~58% knockdown of HhRop, whereas HhAChE and HhAsnap showed no significant whole-body depletion.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Broadly and highly expressed targets (HhAsnap, HhRop) were associated with strong mortality and feeding suppression, whereas brain-enriched targets did not. Expression breadth and transcript abundance appear critical for RNAi responsiveness in BMSB, identifying HhAsnap and HhRop as promising candidates for oral or spray-based RNAi control. © 2026 The Author(s). Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.</p>","PeriodicalId":218,"journal":{"name":"Pest Management Science","volume":" ","pages":"9870-9878"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13569117/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148238397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Overexpression of novel CYP6ER1 variants mediates the resistance of Nilaparvata lugens to sulfoxaflor and the cross-resistance to neonicotinoid insecticides.","authors":"Wenyu Lu, Xiaohong Zeng, Xingyu Chen, Minrong He, Hongli Zhang, Dan Luo, Fengyu Luo, Shuai Wu, Rongyu Li, Xun Liao","doi":"10.1002/ps.71000","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ps.71000","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Previous field-based resistance monitoring and indoor selection studies by the present authors indicated significant cross-resistance between the sulfoximine insecticide sulfoxaflor and neonicotinoid insecticides in the brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens. However, the mechanism of cross-resistance has remained unclear.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In this study, we investigated the involvement of cytochrome P450 monooxygenases in cross-resistance between neonicotinoids and sulfoxaflor with a particular focus on overexpression and qualitative changes to CYP6ER1. Real-time quantitative PCR results show that the mRNA and DNA levels of CYP6ER1 in the sulfoxaflor-resistant (SFX-R) strain (G₁₂₀) were 46.71- and 2.93-fold higher than in the sulfoxaflor-susceptible (SFX-S) strain, respectively. Meanwhile, the toxicity of sulfoxaflor and four neonicotinoids (nitenpyram, clothianidin, dinotefuran, and thiamethoxam) was synergized by the inhibitor piperonyl butoxide in SFX-R (G120). Transcript abundance of CYP6ER1 was induced by sulfoxaflor and by each tested neonicotinoid. RNA interference reduced CYP6ER1 expression and significantly increased susceptibility of SFX-R to sulfoxaflor and the four neonicotinoids. Three CYP6ER1 transcripts were identified in SFX-R, including two novel transcripts. Heterologous overexpression of each variant reduced sensitivity of Drosophila melanogaster to sulfoxaflor, nitenpyram, clothianidin, dinotefuran, and thiamethoxam. Further molecular modeling studies showed that the ligand binding pockets of CYP6ER1vM, CYP6ER1vM1, and CYP6ER1vK are similar, and they exhibit high binding activity with all five insecticides.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The results showed that the overexpression of CYP6ER1 novel variants was closely associated with the resistance of N. lugens to sulfoxaflor and the cross-resistance to neonicotinoid insecticides. These findings extend understanding of the molecular basis of high-level cross-resistance between sulfoxaflor and neonicotinoids in N. lugens. © 2026 Society of Chemical Industry.</p>","PeriodicalId":218,"journal":{"name":"Pest Management Science","volume":" ","pages":"9642-9652"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13569099/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148175069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}