Pest Management Science最新文献

{"title":"Novel 5,6-dihydrobenzo[h]quinazoline derivatives as succinate dehydrogenase inhibitors: design, synthesis, antifungal activity and mechanism of action.","authors":"Deyuan Wang, Ziquan Deng, Qiqi Zhou, Yu Luo, Wenrui Chen, Xiansong Xie, Ailing Bao, Xiaorong Tang, Zhouyu Wang, Yingkun Yan","doi":"10.1002/ps.70025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ps.70025","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The growing problem of resistance to plant pathogenic fungi poses a serious threat to the quality and safety of crops worldwide. Antifungal agrochemicals have been effective in significantly reducing the incidence of plant diseases caused by pathogenic fungi as an economical and efficient control strategy.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In the present study, 36 novel azoles containing the structure of 5,6-dihydrobenzo[h]quinazoline were designed and successfully synthesized. It was found that most of the target compounds showed good inhibitory effects against phytopathogenic fungi at a concentration of 30 μg mL^-1. Thus, the compounds were used in the study of the plant pathogenic fungi. Compounds 5g, 5h, 5m, 8e, 8g, 8i, 8o, 8p, 8q and 8r showed excellent inhibitory effects on Rhizoctonia solani, with inhibition rates of more than 90%. Among them, the inhibition rates of compounds 8e, 8q and 8r reached 100%. Further experiments showed that the half-maximal effective concentration (EC₅₀) values of 8e, 8q and 8r were 0.185, 0.298 and 0.323 μg mL^-1, respectively, which were significantly better than those of fluquinconazole (EC₅₀ = 0.478 μg mL^-1). In the inhibitory activity study of succinate dehydrogenase (SDH), compounds 8e, 8q and 8r also showed excellent performance, with half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC₅₀) values of 0.218, 0.304 and 0.382 μg mL^-1, respectively, which were superior to that of fluquinconazole (IC₅₀ = 0.531 μg mL^-1). The fluorescence quenching assay, in vivo curative and protective activities, scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy of compound 8e, revealed that compound 8e had a better effect than the positive control. In addition, molecular docking experiments elucidated that the mode of action for compound 8e is more similar to fluquinoconazole.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study demonstrated that compounds 8e, 8q and 8r have superior values as succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor candidates, and are worthy of more in-depth research and exploration. © 2025 Society of Chemical Industry.</p>","PeriodicalId":218,"journal":{"name":"Pest Management Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144558636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mechanisms of different sensitivities to 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase inhibitor benzobicyclon in weedy rice (Oryza sativa f. spontanea).","authors":"Jiapeng Fang, Guohui Yuan, Yuan Gao, Guohui Shen, Zhihui Tian","doi":"10.1002/ps.70030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ps.70030","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Weedy rice (Oryza sativa f. spontanea) poses considerable challenges to rice production. Benzobicyclon, a 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (HPPD) inhibitor, has demonstrated potential for controlling weedy rice. However, weedy rice populations exhibit different sensitivities to benzobicyclon and other HPPD inhibitors. Additionally, the genetic and molecular basis of HPPD herbicide sensitivity remains underexplored. Here, we divided weedy rice populations into indica weedy rice (QPAG) and japonica weedy rice (FXYX) and examined the mechanisms behind their varying sensitivity to HPPD inhibitors.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Whole-plant dose-response assays showed that the FXYX and QPAG populations had up to >20 times tolerance to benzobicyclon compared to the relatively sensitive population PDRY. Both populations also showed decreased sensitivity to topramezone and pyraquinate. Sequence comparison demonstrated no amino acid mutations in HPPD in any population. The relative expression levels of HPPD did not differ substantially between the populations. Thus, no target site-based mechanisms were present in the weedy rice populations. HPPD INHIBITOR SENSITIVE 1 (HIS 1) was responsible for the reduced sensitivity to benzobicyclon in the FXYX population. Furthermore, P450- and GST-based metabolic mechanisms contributed to lower sensitivity to benzobicyclon to varying degrees in both FXYX and QPAG populations.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The mechanisms of varying sensitivities to benzobicyclon were different and complex in the japonica and indica weedy rice populations. Increased herbicide metabolism by HIS 1, P450, and GST was the primary mechanism, but varied among the different weedy rice types. Our results provide new insights into the chemical control of different weedy rice types using HPPD inhibitors. © 2025 Society of Chemical Industry.</p>","PeriodicalId":218,"journal":{"name":"Pest Management Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144558635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trapping is not effective for limiting damage by Vespa velutina in vineyards.","authors":"Yaiza R Lueje,Amalia Jácome,Jaime Fagúndez,María J Servia","doi":"10.1002/ps.70031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ps.70031","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUNDVespa velutina is an invasive hornet that harms biodiversity, human health and agricultural products such as grapes. The use of baited traps is a popular method among producers to counteract its impact. However, their efficiency in agricultural settings has not been tested systematically. We investigated whether the use of traps is an effective method to reduce damage in vineyards, as well as the influence of trap and vineyard characteristics on the captures of V. velutina and nontarget insects in two areas of Galicia, NW Spain.RESULTSWe observed significant differences in bunch damage by V. velutina among and within areas, but unrelated to grape sugar content. We found no evidence of any positive effect of trapping in reducing damage, even if the density of traps is doubled or tripled. Commercial traps capture higher numbers of V. velutina and by-catch than homemade traps. Captures of V. velutina peaked in summer, and no significant differences were observed between areas or plots, whereas captures of by-catch were highly variable.CONCLUSIONThe multifactorial nature of V. velutina damage in vineyards, and the high proportion and diversity of by-catch in traps make trap use unadvisable based on the present state of knowledge. Notwithstanding this, trapping before harvesting, when most damage happens, showed the highest selectivity and thus, was the least harmful trapping system to native entomofauna. More sustainable and effective methods of vineyard management and crop protection should be tested to guarantee the future of this productive sector in highly invaded areas. © 2025 The Author(s). Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.","PeriodicalId":218,"journal":{"name":"Pest Management Science","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144547710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Down‐regulation of 14‐3‐3 genes suppress sugar metabolism in Bemisia tabaciMED and reduce transmission of tomato chlorosis virus","authors":"HuanWen Wei, LiPing Huang, Pei Wang, ZhanHong Zhang, JianBin Chen, Jiao Du, Shuo Yan, DeYong Zhang, XiaoBin Shi, Yong Liu","doi":"10.1002/ps.8929","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ps.8929","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUNDTomato chlorosis virus (ToCV) is an RNA virus that seriously reduces tomato yield, mainly transmitted by whiteflies (<jats:italic>Bemisia tabaci</jats:italic>) in a semi‐persistent manner. Currently, preventing ToCV transmission by selecting the target gene of whiteflies is an effective measure to control ToCV. Proteomic analysis revealed that 14‐3‐3 protein levels significantly increase in ToCV‐infected <jats:italic>B. tabaci</jats:italic>. To verify the target role of 14‐3‐3 protein, its gene expression was down‐regulated with RNA interference (RNAi) technology to explore its function in ToCV acquisition and transmission, and to find a new strategy for controlling ToCV transmission by whiteflies.RESULTSThe amount of ToCV was positively correlated with the expression of <jats:italic>Bt14‐3‐3 epsilon</jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Bt14‐3‐3 zeta</jats:italic> in <jats:italic>B. tabaci</jats:italic>, and ToCV promotes glycogen synthesis <jats:italic>via</jats:italic> the phosphoinositide‐3‐kinase/protein kinase B pathway (PI3K/AKT pathway). After silencing <jats:italic>Bt14‐3‐3 epsilon</jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Bt14‐3‐3 zeta</jats:italic>, ToCV acquisition, transmission, oviposition and sugar metabolism of <jats:italic>B. tabaci</jats:italic> were suppressed.CONCLUSIONSThese results illustrated that ToCV induced <jats:italic>Bt14‐3‐3 epsilon</jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Bt14‐3‐3 zeta</jats:italic>, and promoted glycogen synthesis <jats:italic>via</jats:italic> PI3K/AKT pathway in <jats:italic>B. tabaci</jats:italic>. Silencing 14–3‐3 genes prevented ToCV acquisition, ToCV transmission, oviposition and sugar metabolism of <jats:italic>B. tabaci</jats:italic>. It could provide a basis for establishing a new strategy to regulate ToCV transmission of <jats:italic>B. tabaci</jats:italic> by using 14–3‐3 protein. © 2025 Society of Chemical Industry.","PeriodicalId":218,"journal":{"name":"Pest Management Science","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144547034","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bacillus amyloliquefaciensHN11 enhances cowpea growth and systemic resistance to Spodoptera litura viaJA/SA pathways and growth‐mediated tolerance","authors":"Wenjuan Yan, Qun Zheng, Chaomei Luo, Zhixiang Zhang, Hanhong Xu","doi":"10.1002/ps.70022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ps.70022","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUNDPlant growth and development benefit from the contribution of plant growth‐promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR), which have a positive effect on plants by breaking down organic matter and synthesizing growth hormones. In addition, PGPR can stimulate plants to produce secondary metabolites, thereby enhancing its defense against pathogens and pests. To study the effects of <jats:italic>Bacillus amyloliquefaciens</jats:italic> 8421 (HN11) on the promotion and induction of defense against pests in cowpea, the effects and mechanisms were determined on the basis of phenotypic traits and changes in the levels of defense enzymes and phytohormones in cowpea after application of HN11.RESULTSThe results showed that HN11 effectively colonized the cowpea root system, and at 15 days, 10<jats:sup>7</jats:sup> CFU mL<jats:sup>−1</jats:sup> HN11 significantly improved cowpea agronomic traits and root morphology, especially promoting an increase in nodule weight (47.6%). Furthermore, when challenged by <jats:italic>Spodoptera litura</jats:italic> larvae, plants inoculated with HN11 exhibited significantly less damage and displayed a greater ability to recover their growth. It was found that HN11 treatment increased both defense enzyme activities and phytohormone levels in cowpea. Notably, HN11 indirectly affected the induced defense against <jats:italic>S. litura</jats:italic> by promoting plant growth and enhancing tolerance.CONCLUSIONSThis study opens up new avenues for biological control using PGPR, which is of far‐reaching significance for enhancing crop yields, reducing chemical pesticide dependence, and preserving the ecological environment. © 2025 Society of Chemical Industry.","PeriodicalId":218,"journal":{"name":"Pest Management Science","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144547046","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Symbiotic bacteria participate in pectinolytic metabolism to enhance larval growth in Zeugodacus cucurbitae","authors":"Guangmei Chen, Zhenya Tian, Yang Yue, Xuyuan Gao, Hongsong Chen, Jingfang Yang, Weihua Ma, Dehong Zheng, Huihua Tan, Zhongshi Zhou","doi":"10.1002/ps.70035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ps.70035","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUNDSymbiotic microbes play a pivotal role in the feeding processes of phytophagous insects, and symbiosis has been established as a key strategy for certain species to acquire pectinases. However, whether symbiotic bacteria play a role in the pectinolytic metabolism of <jats:italic>Zeugodacus cucurbitae</jats:italic> remains unclear.RESULTSRemoval of symbiotic bacteria <jats:italic>via</jats:italic> egg sterilization significantly reduced larval food consumption, growth, and pectinase activity (<jats:italic>P</jats:italic> &lt; 0.05), highlighting that the microbiota was required for <jats:italic>Z. cucurbitae</jats:italic> larval growth under feeding on host plants. Microbial community analysis identified <jats:italic>Klebsiella spp.</jats:italic> as persistent colonizers of larval feeding wounds, exhibiting recycling between host tissues and plant substrates. Functional assays demonstrated that <jats:italic>Klebsiella</jats:italic> strains (CpL20, CpL49, CpL63, and CpL64) formed distinct hydrolysis zones on pectin medium and degraded pectin <jats:italic>via</jats:italic> high enzymatic activity (495.98–830.54 μ/mL). Reintroduction of <jats:italic>Klebsiella spp.</jats:italic> restored larval growth in sterile treatment groups, confirming their metabolic contribution.CONCLUSIONOur results suggest that <jats:italic>Klebsiella spp.</jats:italic> circulate between the feeding environment and larval tissues, participating in the pectinolytic metabolism to utilize the host plant efficiently, thereby facilitating larval growth and development. This study provides a foundation for understanding the role of symbiotic bacteria in pectinolytic metabolism during the ecological adaptation of phytophagous insects and offers new insights into the environmentally friendly management of <jats:italic>Z. cucurbitae</jats:italic> in agricultural settings. © 2025 The Author(s). <jats:italic>Pest Management Science</jats:italic> published by John Wiley &amp; Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.","PeriodicalId":218,"journal":{"name":"Pest Management Science","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144547041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Expression of allatotropin in Beauveria bassiana suppresses host immune responses and enhances virulence against Lepidopteran pests","authors":"Shengan Zhu, Shengze Xie, Dan Jin, Dongmei Lin, Shouhao Jiao, Yanhua Fan","doi":"10.1002/ps.70020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ps.70020","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUNDAllatotropin (AT) is a neuropeptide that plays important roles in insect physiology and immune responses. However, the immune‐regulatory role of AT in Lepidopteran insects and its potential use for the virulence enhancement of insect pathogenic fungi remain unclear. This study investigates the role of AT in negatively regulating immune reactions in Lepidopteran insects and its application in the genetic engineering of the entomopathogenic fungus <jats:italic>Beauveria bassiana</jats:italic>.RESULTSPhylogenetic analysis showed that AT proteins are conserved across insect orders but exhibit distinct evolutionary patterns and potential functional diversities among groups. Amino acid sequence comparison revealed that the reported 13‐aa mature AT sequence is conserved in Lepidopteran insects. Synthetic 13‐aa AT peptide injection in <jats:italic>Galleria mellonella</jats:italic> larvae significantly suppressed immune gene expression, hemocyte count, and phenoloxidase activity in a concentration‐ and time‐dependent manner. Compared to the <jats:italic>B. bassiana</jats:italic> wild type (<jats:italic>Bb‐WT</jats:italic>), the AT‐expressing strain (<jats:italic>Bb::AT</jats:italic>) exhibited enhanced virulence against <jats:italic>G. mellonella</jats:italic> larvae, with the median lethal time (LT<jats:sub>50</jats:sub>) reduced by up to 23.79% and the median lethal dose (LD<jats:sub>50</jats:sub>) reduced by 85.57%. Specifically, larvae infected with the <jats:italic>Bb::AT</jats:italic> strain exhibited weakened immune responses, and the fungus displayed a higher proliferation rate than in <jats:italic>Bb‐WT</jats:italic>‐infected larvae. <jats:italic>Bb::AT</jats:italic> strain also exhibited increased virulence against other Lepidopteran pests, including <jats:italic>Spodoptera litura</jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Helicoverpa armigera</jats:italic>.CONCLUSIONSThese findings demonstrate that the neuropeptide AT can suppress immune responses in Lepidopteran insects, thereby enhancing fungal virulence. This provides valuable insights into developing more effective biological control strategies using <jats:italic>B. bassiana</jats:italic> to manage Lepidopteran pests. © 2025 Society of Chemical Industry.","PeriodicalId":218,"journal":{"name":"Pest Management Science","volume":"45 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144503558","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Detection of resistance in Phytophthora infestans to the carboxylic acid amide (CAA) fungicides using digital droplet PCR","authors":"Amanpreet Kaur, Ewen Mullins, Steven Kildea","doi":"10.1002/ps.70015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ps.70015","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUNDPotato late blight caused by <jats:italic>Phytophthora infestans</jats:italic> remains the greatest biotic threat to potato production globally. In northern Europe to prevent the disease and associated yield losses fungicides are heavily relied upon, with multiple applications required during the potato growing season. Unfortunately, such intensive fungicide usage has the potential to compromise control efficacy as it puts in place immense selective pressure for the emergence and spread of fungicide resistant strains of <jats:italic>P. infestans</jats:italic>. In recent years this scenario has been realized, with the emergence of strains resistant to the carboxylic acid amide (CAA) fungicides. As resistance to the CAA fungicides in <jats:italic>P. infestans</jats:italic> has been confirmed to result from changes in the pathogen's cellulose synthase A3 gene (<jats:italic>CesA3</jats:italic>), specifically at amino acid position 1105, it opens the possibility to develop molecular tools to rapidly monitor populations of the pathogen for the resistance allele.RESULTSUsing the Stilla naica® 3‐colour system a droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) was successfully developed to simultaneously detect the <jats:italic>P. infestans CesA3</jats:italic> gene irrespective of its CAA sensitivity status, and either the CAA wild‐type sequence for position 1105 or that conferring the resistant allele G1105S. Using a ‘drop‐off’ in ratio of positive droplets for either the wild‐type or G1105S alleles relative to those positive for the general <jats:italic>P. infestans</jats:italic> CesA3 it was also possible to demonstrate that using the assay other potential alterations known to confer resistance that may occur at this position (<jats:italic>e.g.</jats:italic> G1105V) can be detected. The assay was validated using DNA extracted from <jats:italic>P. infestans</jats:italic> cultures or infected leaves preserved on FTA cards.CONCLUSIONSThe assay developed will allow for the accurate and sensitive detection of CAA resistance conferred by alterations at amino acid position 1105 in the CesA3 gene in <jats:italic>P. infestans</jats:italic>. The capacity to use the assay with multiple DNA sources and potential to adapt the ‘drop‐off’ approach to different ddPCR platforms will ensure its applicability to the wider <jats:italic>P. infestans</jats:italic> community in monitoring the continued use of CAA‐based fungicides for <jats:italic>P. infestans</jats:italic> management. © 2025 The Author(s). <jats:italic>Pest Management Science</jats:italic> published by John Wiley &amp; Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.","PeriodicalId":218,"journal":{"name":"Pest Management Science","volume":"922 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144503556","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The serine palmitoyl transferase of plant pathogenic fungi: a promising new target for the development of novel crop protection solutions†","authors":"Lionel Nicolas, Emilia Hilz, Stephanie Gamet, Vincent Thomas, Stephane Peyrard, Luigi Di Vietro, Benedicte Cirer, Julie Geist, Bernd Essigmann, Anne Ferry, Angeline Chanel, Frédéric Berniaud, Dominik Schwarz, Virginie Lempereur","doi":"10.1002/ps.70014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ps.70014","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUNDPlant pathogens pose a significant threat to global agriculture and, thus to world food supplies, requiring the development of fungicides with new modes of action. Pyridazine carboxamides (PCs) represent a novel class of fungicides that inhibit serine palmitoyl transferase (SPT), an enzyme crucial for sphingolipid biosynthesis in fungi. The efficacy and the mechanism of action of PCs is explored in this study, highlighting their potential as a new fungicidal compound class effective on a wide range of Ascomycota pathogen.RESULTSPCs demonstrate a strong biological efficacy against a broad range of Ascomycetes in <jats:italic>in vitro</jats:italic> and <jats:italic>in planta</jats:italic> assays, although they are less effective against the wheat pathogen <jats:italic>Zymoseptoria tritici</jats:italic>. PC resistant ultraviolet (UV)‐mutants of <jats:italic>Botrytis cinerea</jats:italic> exhibit mutations in the LCB2 subunit of SPT, indicating that SPT is the target enzyme for this class of compounds. Treatment of fungal cells with PCs reduced sphingolipid level, and enzymatic assays revealed that SPT from both <jats:italic>B. cinerea</jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Z. tritici</jats:italic> were highly sensitive to PCs. Finally, supplementation with phytosphingosine reversed the fungicidal activity of PCs, confirming that SPT inhibition is the mechanism of action.CONCLUSIONThe discovery and validation of PCs as effective SPT inhibitors provide a novel mode of action group to control plant pathogens and offer a potential future tool to manage resistance risks in the fields. Further exploration of this chemical class and target can help in creating innovative solutions to safeguard agricultural productivity and food security worldwide. © 2025 The Author(s). <jats:italic>Pest Management Science</jats:italic> published by John Wiley &amp; Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.","PeriodicalId":218,"journal":{"name":"Pest Management Science","volume":"148 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144503555","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Risk prediction of pine wilt disease based on graphical convolutional network in China","authors":"Xiumei Mo, Xiaoting Zhao, Junhao Zhao, Jixia Huang, Guofei Fang","doi":"10.1002/ps.70008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ps.70008","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUNDPine wilt disease is one of the most destructive conifer diseases affecting pine species worldwide. Since its introduction to China in 1982, it has infected more than one billion pine trees, leading to significant ecological and economic losses. To enable precise prevention and control of pine wilt disease, this study first conducted exploratory visual analysis of the spatiotemporal data of pine wilt disease outbreaks and environmental factors to identify high‐risk areas. A risk prediction model for pine wilt disease was then developed using a graph convolutional network (GCN). After validating the model's accuracy, national‐scale county‐level risk prediction results were generated.RESULTSThe results showed that a total of 755 counties across 24 provinces in China were predicted as risk areas, with 219 of these being classified as high‐risk zones. The disease exhibits a ‘northward expansion and westward progression’ trend, with the southeastern region, Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei, and the three northeastern provinces being the main concentrations of risk areas. In addition, 28 cities with no reported outbreaks were also predicted as potential high‐risk areas.CONCLUSIONThese findings suggest that GCN technology demonstrates high accuracy and potential in the spatiotemporal risk prediction of pine wilt disease, providing important technical support for relevant departments in early warning and the formulation of prevention and control strategies. © 2025 Society of Chemical Industry.","PeriodicalId":218,"journal":{"name":"Pest Management Science","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144503458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}