Functional characterization of two genes related to the stresses of low temperature and modified atmosphere in Zeugodacus tau.

Abstract

BACKGROUND Zeugodacus tau (Walker), a globally significant quarantine pest, jeopardizes fruit and vegetable production through direct crop damage and trade restrictions. The implementation of effective quarantine management measures constitutes a critical component in mitigating biosecurity risks associated with pest proliferation. Integrated low temperature and modified atmosphere treatment has emerged as an environmentally sustainable approach, demonstrating significant efficacy against Zeugodacus tau infestations while providing sustainable phytosanitary solutions for postharvest management. RESULT This study examined the effects of low-temperature treatments (2 °C/5 °C/8 °C) and combined low temperature and modified atmosphere (2 °C, 5 °C, 8 °C, and 3% oxygen (O2)) on third-instar larvae, the most resilient developmental stage of Zeugodacus tau. The 8 °C + 3% O2 treatment induced significantly higher mortality (10-day exposure) than temperature-only conditions, highlighting its potential for postharvest pest management. Transcriptomic analysis revealed two key tolerance-associated genes, aminopeptidases EY (EY) and UTP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT), with RNA interference of key genes amplifying mortality by 60-80%, confirming their critical role in survival under dual stress. CONCLUSION This study data systematically demonstrated that third-instar larvae were the most tolerant life stage under all treatments and then identified two key tolerance genes associated to stress adaptation. These dual findings significantly advance integrated pest management (IPM) strategies by integrating physicochemical approaches with molecular insights, offering actionable strategies to mitigate Zeugodacus tau infestations in agricultural supply chains, and supporting the safe global trade of fresh produce and national biosecurity frameworks. © 2025 Society of Chemical Industry.