Sleep medicine最新文献

{"title":"Left hand sleep masturbation in a right-handed male patient with sexsomnia","authors":"Mathilde Brice ,&nbsp;Ana-Zenovia Gales ,&nbsp;Valérie Attali ,&nbsp;Mahaut Chauvin ,&nbsp;Isabelle Arnulf","doi":"10.1016/j.sleep.2026.108823","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sleep.2026.108823","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Sexsomnia is a NREM parasomnia characterized by involuntary sexual behavior during confusional arousal. Video examples are rare. Here we present the case of a man who was accused of sexually assaulting his girlfriend during the night but had no memory of doing so. During a video polysomnography, he masturbated in his sleep with his left hand during the N2 and N3 sleep stages, confirming sexsomnia. However, he always masturbated with his right hand when awake. Treatment with gabapentin did not alleviate sexsomnia and triggered obstructive sleep apnea, which improved when the treatment was replaced with paroxetine. The effect of paroxetine on sexsomnia was unknown. This case supports the concept of automatic behavior in sexsomnia.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21874,"journal":{"name":"Sleep medicine","volume":"141 ","pages":"Article 108823"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146120049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of melatonin enriched with L-Tryptophan and 5-Hydroxytryptophan on sleep parameters in children with neurodevelopmental disorders","authors":"Francy Cruz-Sanabria ,&nbsp;Giovanni Cenerini ,&nbsp;Simone Bruno ,&nbsp;Raffaele Ferri ,&nbsp;Simona Fiori ,&nbsp;Ugo Faraguna","doi":"10.1016/j.sleep.2026.108818","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sleep.2026.108818","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Melatonin plays a key role in sleep regulation. Combining melatonin with its precursors, L-tryptophan (LT) and 5-Hydroxytryptophan (5HTP), may influence sleep-related outcomes, but evidence in children with neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) is limited. This exploratory study compares the effects of melatonin combined with 5HTP (M-5HTP) and melatonin combined with LT (M-LT) on sleep disorders in children with NDDs.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This single-center, randomized pilot comparative trial involved children under five years of age with NDDs free of sleep-inducing drugs. Baseline evaluations and actigraphy monitoring were performed. Children were randomly assigned to either M-5HTP (1 mg Melatonin +10 mg 5HTP) or M-LT (1 mg Melatonin +20 mg LT) treatment at 8 p.m. for at least four weeks. Post-treatment actigraphy monitoring assessed sleep parameters.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Of 51 screened children, 26 were enrolled and 13 completed the study (M-5HTP: 9, M-LT: 4). No statistically significant between-group differences in change scores were observed. Within-group analyses showed a significant reduction in the Sleep Movement Index (SMI) from baseline to follow-up in the M-5HTP group (T0: 6.55; T1: 1.25; p=0.006), whereas no significant changes were observed in the M-LT group.</div></div><div><h3>Discussion</h3><div>In this exploratory pilot study, a within-group reduction in nocturnal motor activity was observed among M-5HTP completers. Given the small sample size, high attrition rate, and limited statistical power, these findings should be interpreted cautiously and considered hypothesis-generating.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21874,"journal":{"name":"Sleep medicine","volume":"141 ","pages":"Article 108818"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146126589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Many types of comorbidities are associated with clinically diagnosed insomnia in United States military service members","authors":"Joseph J. Knapik ,&nbsp;Ryan A. Steelman ,&nbsp;John A. Caldwell ,&nbsp;Daniel W. Trone ,&nbsp;Harris R. Lieberman","doi":"10.1016/j.sleep.2026.108820","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sleep.2026.108820","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>This cross-sectional investigation examined associations between clinically diagnosed insomnia (CDI) and comorbid conditions in United States military service members (SMs).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A stratified random sample of SMs completed an on-line questionnaire assessing their demographic and lifestyle characteristics. Diagnosed medical conditions for a six-month period prior to questionnaire completion were obtained from a comprehensive military electronic medical surveillance system and grouped into 18 general (largely systemic) and 30 specific clinically diagnosed medical categories (CDMCs). CDMC prevalence odds was compared among those with (n = 771) and without (n = 25,909) CDI.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>After adjustments for potentially confounding demographic and lifestyle characteristics, CDI was associated with higher odds of a diagnosis in 17 of the general CDMCs and 26 of the specific CDMCs. The five general CDMCs with the largest differences between those with and without CDI were mental/behavioral diseases (odds ratio [OR] = 7.68, 95% confidence interval [95%CI] = 6.54–9.01), signs/symptoms/abnormal labs (OR = 4.99, 95%CI = 4.19–5.93), diseases of the musculoskeletal system (OR = 4.43, 95%CI = 3.72–5.28), endocrine/nutritional/metabolic diseases (OR = 2.97, 95%CI = 2.47–3.58), and diseases of the digestive system (OR = 2.68, 95%CI = 2.18–3.28). The five specific CDMCs with the highest adjusted odds among those with and without CDI were sleep-related movement disorder (OR = 14.68, 95%CI = 9.26–23.26), fibromyalgia (OR = 14.14, 95%CI = 5.74–34.80), post-traumatic stress disorder (OR = 12.94, 95%CI = 10.09–16.59), anxiety (OR = 9.40, 95%CI = 7.71–11.46), and traumatic brain injury (OR = 8.52, 95%CI = 5.93–12.24). Prevalence of CDI increased as the number of CDMCs increased: SMs with 0–1, 2–3, 4–5 and ≥6 general CDMCs had CDI prevalences of 0.5%, 3.2%, 6.7%, and 10.9%, respectively.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>In a young, physically active population CDI was associated with many CDMCs involving multiple physiological systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21874,"journal":{"name":"Sleep medicine","volume":"141 ","pages":"Article 108820"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146171875","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Circadian gene expression in adolescents: Associations with concurrent circadian disruption and subsequent changes in cardiometabolic risk measures","authors":"Donghan Su ,&nbsp;Jaclyn M. Goodrich ,&nbsp;Jennifer T. Lee ,&nbsp;Dana C. Dolinoy ,&nbsp;Karen E. Peterson ,&nbsp;Ronald D. Chervin ,&nbsp;Helen J. Burgess ,&nbsp;Martha María Téllez-Rojo ,&nbsp;Alejandra Cantoral ,&nbsp;Libni Torres-Olascoaga ,&nbsp;Maricruz Tolentino ,&nbsp;Peter X.K. Song ,&nbsp;Louise M. O'Brien ,&nbsp;Erica C. Jansen","doi":"10.1016/j.sleep.2026.108819","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sleep.2026.108819","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>Circadian disruption has been linked to adverse metabolic health. Adolescents are particularly susceptible to circadian disruptors, such as delayed sleep onset and social jetlag, which may have sex-specific effects. However, evidence linking these disruptors with circadian gene expression and subsequent cardiometabolic risk remains limited.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Our study included 203 adolescents (53% females, median age 13.6 years) from the ELEMENT cohort in Mexico City. Sleep was assessed via 7-day wrist actigraphy. A fasting venipuncture blood sample was collected between 8:00 a.m. and 12:00 p.m. RNA was isolated from blood leukocytes and sequenced to determine the relative expression of genes. We conducted differential gene expression analysis for 12 core clock genes in relation to sleep midpoint and social jetlag, adjusting for sleep duration and other potential confounders. We further evaluated how circadian gene expression associated with changes in adiposity, glucose metabolism, blood pressure, and lipid profiles over two years using linear regression.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Later sleep midpoint (per 1-h increase) was associated with reduced mid-morning expression of four circadian genes: <em>RORA</em> (log2 fold change [LFC]: −0.190; <em>P</em> value: 0.001), <em>RORC</em> (LFC: −0.147; <em>P</em> value: 0.039), <em>CLOCK</em> (LFC: −0.141; <em>P</em> value: 0.019), and <em>NR1D2</em> (LFC: −0.093; <em>P</em> value: 0.029). Additionally, expression levels of several clock genes (<em>CRY1, NR1D2, BMAL1,</em> and <em>PER1-3</em>) were associated with changes in metabolic biomarkers over two years in sex-specific patterns. For instance, <em>NR1D2</em> showed a negative association with fasting glucose among females (β: −0.0012; <em>P</em> value: 0.020), while demonstrating positive associations with LDL cholesterol (β: 0.0023; <em>P</em> value: 0.002) and total cholesterol (β: 0.0016; <em>P</em> value: 0.028) among males.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Expression of core clock genes was linked to circadian disruption and changes in cardiometabolic risk factors in a sex-specific manner among adolescents. Our findings provide novel insights into potential biological mechanisms underlying associations of circadian disruption with cardiometabolic health.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21874,"journal":{"name":"Sleep medicine","volume":"141 ","pages":"Article 108819"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146158627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical phenotypes and predictors of adherence to continuous positive airway pressure therapy in obstructive sleep apnoea: A multicentre cohort study","authors":"Karin Jeppesen ,&nbsp;Poul Jørgen Jennum ,&nbsp;Caroline Moos ,&nbsp;Rikke Ibsen ,&nbsp;Michael Ibsen ,&nbsp;Asbjørn Kørvel-Hanquist ,&nbsp;Preben Homøe ,&nbsp;Eva Kirkegaard Kiaer ,&nbsp;Helene Skjøt-Arkil","doi":"10.1016/j.sleep.2026.108822","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sleep.2026.108822","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>Obstructive Sleep Apnoea (OSA) is a highly prevalent disease often treated with CPAP therapy, but long-term adherence remains a challenge. This study aimed to explore which phenotypes of OSA patients are more or less likely to achieve high adherence to CPAP therapy, based on pre-treatment characteristics.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We analysed demographic, socioeconomic, and clinical characteristics across predefined CPAP adherence groups (high, low, and no adherence) in a multicentre cohort of newly diagnosed OSA patients. Multivariate logistic regression was used to assess predictive accuracy, and observed patterns were synthesised into rule-based clinical phenotypes.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Among 2845 patients, 41% were highly adherent, 20% had low adherence, and 39% were non-adherent after one year. High adherence was associated with cohabitation, higher education, employment, and greater disease severity. Low or no adherence was linked to comorbidity burden and social vulnerability. The predictive model yielded an accuracy of 60%. Based on group-level differences and model outputs, three clinically reasoned phenotypes were identified: (1) Symptomatic severe OSA with social support, (2) Multimorbidity-dominated, and (3) Non-employed working-age adults.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Distinct demographic, socioeconomic, and clinical profiles were associated with CPAP adherence. The identified phenotypes offer a practical framework for understanding adherence variation and may support more individualised approaches to treatment and follow-up.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21874,"journal":{"name":"Sleep medicine","volume":"141 ","pages":"Article 108822"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146143434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrigendum to “The effects of transcranial magnetic stimulation on patients with chronic insomnia: a prospective functional near-infrared spectroscopy study” [Sleep Med. 131 (2025) 106517]","authors":"Xiangrui Liu ,&nbsp;Shijing Wang ,&nbsp;Xiuqing Niu ,&nbsp;Ziming Liu ,&nbsp;Xianguo Meng","doi":"10.1016/j.sleep.2026.108767","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sleep.2026.108767","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":21874,"journal":{"name":"Sleep medicine","volume":"140 ","pages":"Article 108767"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145998928","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cross-sectional associations between actigraphy-measured sleep and 24-h ambulatory blood pressure phenotypes among self-reported short sleepers with elevated blood pressure","authors":"Joshua Landvatter ,&nbsp;Adam Bress ,&nbsp;Jenniffer Duffecy ,&nbsp;Sara E. Simonsen ,&nbsp;Chelsea Allen ,&nbsp;Kelly Baron","doi":"10.1016/j.sleep.2026.108780","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sleep.2026.108780","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Nocturnal blood pressure (BP) phenotypes predict cardiovascular risk, yet most prior work relies on self-reported sleep rather than actigraphy with ambulatory BP monitoring (ABPM).</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To test whether actigraphy-measured total sleep time (TST) and sleep efficiency (SE) are associated with nocturnal BP phenotypes in adults with elevated BP and habitual short sleep.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Baseline data from adults with elevated clinic BP and self-reported sleep &lt;7 h/night included approximately seven nights of wrist actigraphy and 24-h ABPM. Linear models estimated continuous outcomes, and Poisson regression estimated prevalence ratios (PRs) for systolic/diastolic non-dipping and asleep hypertension across unadjusted, demographic-adjusted, and fully adjusted models.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Longer TST was associated with a lower prevalence of diastolic non-dipping in unadjusted (PR per 10 min = 0.989, 95 % CI 0.981–0.997) and demographic-adjusted models (PR = 0.991, 95 % CI 0.984–0.997), with attenuation in fully adjusted models. SE was positively associated with systolic dipping in unadjusted models (β = 0.002, p = 0.036) and was nonsignificant after adjustment. Neither TST nor SE predicted asleep hypertension.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Among short-sleeping adults with elevated BP, longer actigraphy-measured TST relates to more favorable nocturnal BP, specifically lower diastolic non-dipping, although effects attenuate with full adjustment. Findings support integrating actigraphy with ABPM to improve characterization of nocturnal BP phenotypes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21874,"journal":{"name":"Sleep medicine","volume":"140 ","pages":"Article 108780"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145980741","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Resolution of central sleep apnea following upper airway surgery: A case report","authors":"Nathan G. Rasmussen ,&nbsp;Kari A. Martin ,&nbsp;Ryan A. Dunn ,&nbsp;Ashley L. Garrett ,&nbsp;Stephen F. Bansberg ,&nbsp;Chad M. Ruoff","doi":"10.1016/j.sleep.2026.108776","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sleep.2026.108776","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Central sleep apnea (CSA) and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) are characterized by recurrent pauses in breathing secondary to decreased central respiratory drive and upper airway obstruction, respectively. Oropharyngeal surgery is not a treatment option for CSA but may be considered in select patients with OSA.</div></div><div><h3>Case presentation</h3><div>A 37-year-old female presented with an Apnea Hypopnea Index (AHI) of 122/hour that included a Central Apnea Index (CAI) of 74/hour, and chronic tonsillitis with tonsillar hypertrophy and a baseline BMI of 36 kg/m². Complete resolution of CSA and marked improvement in sleep were noted following tonsillectomy combined with expansion pharyngoplasty.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Although there can be significant overlap between OSA and CSA, resolution of CSA following soft tissue oropharyngeal surgery in an adult has not been previously reported. For this patient an unusual underlying pathophysiology, possibly post-arousal in nature, may explain the unanticipated outcome.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21874,"journal":{"name":"Sleep medicine","volume":"140 ","pages":"Article 108776"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145980742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The modified Baveno classification for obstructive sleep apnoea: design of a pan-European prospective study","authors":"Sandhya Matthes ,&nbsp;Marcel Treml ,&nbsp;Sofia E. Schiza ,&nbsp;Izolde Bouloukaki ,&nbsp;Georgia Trakada ,&nbsp;Athanasia Pataka ,&nbsp;Paschalis Steiropoulos ,&nbsp;Dries Testelmans ,&nbsp;Johann Verbraecken ,&nbsp;Francesco Fanfulla ,&nbsp;Carolina Lombardi ,&nbsp;Elisa Perger ,&nbsp;Gianfranco Parati ,&nbsp;Holger Hein ,&nbsp;Stefan Mihaicuta ,&nbsp;Özen K. Basoglu ,&nbsp;Esther Schwarz ,&nbsp;Renaud Tamisier ,&nbsp;Sébastien Baillieul ,&nbsp;Sébastien Bailly ,&nbsp;G. Roisman","doi":"10.1016/j.sleep.2026.108774","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sleep.2026.108774","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Using the apnoea-hypopnoea index (AHI) as the sole determinant for treating obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is being critically discussed. The modified Baveno classification is a multicomponent grading tool combining respiratory disturbance, symptoms and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk assessment to guide treatment of OSA. Retrospective analyses of an existing database showed that treatment according to this classification resulted in significantly improved symptoms and cardiovascular parameters. We report the design of the first prospective study to evaluate the modified Baveno classification.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Patients with OSA (≥40 years) recruited in this multicentre, prospective, observational long-term follow-up study will be treated with OSA-specific therapy according to the modified Baveno classification. Patients with AHI≥30/h or with established CVD, severe renal disease, diabetes with end-organ damage, difficult-to-treat hypertension or chronic/recurrent atrial fibrillation are associated with strong treatment indication. For the remaining patients, SCORE2/SCORE2-OP/SCORE2-diabetes risk assessment of CVD together with symptom scores, determines the strength of treatment indication. The first hierarchical primary outcome is change in office systolic blood pressure (SBP), followed by Epworth Sleepiness Scale. Follow-up will occur at 6-,12-, 24- and 36-months from baseline. Retrospective data analysis revealed a mean change in SBP of −5±14 mmHg in 393/1081 patients. A power of 99.9 % with a two-sided alpha of 0.001 results in a sample size of 894. The target sample size is 1800 patients, assuming a drop-out rate of 50 % at 3 years.</div></div><div><h3>Discussion</h3><div>This study investigates the clinical relevance of the modified Baveno classification for OSA severity assessment and treatment decision making in clinical practice.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21874,"journal":{"name":"Sleep medicine","volume":"140 ","pages":"Article 108774"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146004155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Disentangling trait and developmental chronotype across the lifespan: An augmented regression-based approach to norms for morningness–eveningness scales","authors":"Imke Buekenhout ,&nbsp;Ana Allen Gomes ,&nbsp;José Leitão","doi":"10.1016/j.sleep.2026.108768","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sleep.2026.108768","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background and purpose</h3><div>Chronotype manifests trait-like dispositions and age-related developmental shifts; yet the psychometrics of existing morningness–eveningness (ME) scales do not reflect the distinctness of these influences. Three issues contribute to this construct–measurement mismatch: assumed age-invariance of reliability and validity, uniform cutoffs across age/sex, and unwarranted conflation of trait and developmental ME. We aimed to exemplify solutions for these issues and deliver age-stratified psychometrics and augmented regression-based norms (RBN) that disentangle trait and developmental ME for the European Portuguese CSM.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Multi-cohort data from Portuguese residents/native speakers were pooled. Reliability (<em>N</em> = 2890; 12–94 years) and validity (<em>n</em> = 1880; 12–75 years) were examined overall and across five age groups. Hierarchical step-down regression selected predictors for the augmented RBN. Predictive performance was compared with conventional whole-sample norming on sleep timing and mental-health outcomes.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Age-stratified analyses showed adolescents and older adults diverged from overall reliability and validity patterns; nevertheless, indices were adequate. RBN included linear and quadratic age in adolescence and, in adulthood, an additional Age × Sex interaction. Augmented scores’ disentangled trait and developmental components better predicted validity indicators and mental-health outcomes than conventionally normed scores. A public calculator returns ME <em>z</em>-scores, percentiles, and a 9-category chronotype classification for trait, developmental, and combined chronotype.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Augmented RBN for the CSM deliver trait, developmental, and combined ME scores and classifications that improve prediction and offer clinical utility for exploring vulnerabilities to psychological distress, sleep problems, and cognitive complaints. The approach may generalize to other ME scales.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21874,"journal":{"name":"Sleep medicine","volume":"140 ","pages":"Article 108768"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146120092","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}