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Sampling in Video-Based Social Sciences 基于视频的社会科学采样
IF 6.3 2区 社会学
Sociological Methods & Research Pub Date : 2026-03-02 DOI: 10.1177/00491241261426862
Nicolas M. Legewie, Anne Nassauer, Simon Kühne
{"title":"Sampling in Video-Based Social Sciences","authors":"Nicolas M. Legewie, Anne Nassauer, Simon Kühne","doi":"10.1177/00491241261426862","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00491241261426862","url":null,"abstract":"Large-N, inference-based approaches are gaining increasing prominence in video-based social science research across sociology, social psychology, political science, and other fields. However, existing methodological publications on video methods do not discuss sampling methodology and empirical video-based research often includes only cursory discussions of the issue. To address this gap, this article applies insights from sampling methodology to video-based social science research. We review how sampling has been addressed in video-based social science research, reflect on its specific challenges, and propose a decision-tree flowchart to help researchers identify appropriate sampling strategies and common pitfalls. We then illustrate how the flowchart can be used in three common video-based sampling scenarios. The article thereby contributes to establishing clear guidelines for sampling in video-based social research as a reference point and as a resource for current and future practitioners, as well as reviewers and readers of such studies.","PeriodicalId":21849,"journal":{"name":"Sociological Methods & Research","volume":"55 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147358800","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Beyond Proximity: Investigating Crime With Organic Neighborhoods and a Two-Stage Unsupervised Learning Approach 超越邻近：用有机社区和两阶段无监督学习方法调查犯罪
IF 6.3 2区 社会学
Sociological Methods & Research Pub Date : 2026-02-23 DOI: 10.1177/00491241261420810
Kerstin Ostermann
{"title":"Beyond Proximity: Investigating Crime With Organic Neighborhoods and a Two-Stage Unsupervised Learning Approach","authors":"Kerstin Ostermann","doi":"10.1177/00491241261420810","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00491241261420810","url":null,"abstract":"Studying the relationship between neighborhoods and individual-level outcomes such as crime, labor market success, or intergenerational mobility has a long history in the social sciences. As local processes like gentrification constantly change neighborhoods’ composition and spatial expansion, time-constant one-size-fits-all neighborhood measures fail to capture important local dynamics. This article presents a flexible and data-driven approach for efficiently estimating overlapping and arbitrarily shaped neighborhoods with time-dynamic boundaries. Constructed in a two-stage clustering design, the first stage identifies homogeneous groups within a city, while the second stage clusters homogeneous groups by spatial proximity. In an analysis of 86 million person-year observations from 76 German cities, the paper shows that a larger spatial expansion of affluent neighborhoods negatively correlates with city crime cases, while higher neighborhood fragmentation and heterogeneity correlate positively with crime rates. The findings stress the importance of flexible neighborhood estimation techniques and the necessity to view neighborhoods as nonconstant entities.","PeriodicalId":21849,"journal":{"name":"Sociological Methods & Research","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2026-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147274311","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Mapping Social Change: A Unified Framework for Temporal Clustering 映射社会变化：时间聚类的统一框架
IF 6.3 2区 社会学
Sociological Methods & Research Pub Date : 2026-02-12 DOI: 10.1177/00491241251396789
Jiazhou Liang, Jolomi Tosanwumi, Ethan Fosse, Daniel Silver, Scott Sanner
{"title":"Mapping Social Change: A Unified Framework for Temporal Clustering","authors":"Jiazhou Liang, Jolomi Tosanwumi, Ethan Fosse, Daniel Silver, Scott Sanner","doi":"10.1177/00491241251396789","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00491241251396789","url":null,"abstract":"Analyzing social change requires detecting patterns of continuity and difference over time. While time-series clustering offers a valuable approach, existing techniques are often limited by assuming fixed cluster definitions and static assignments of entities to clusters. To address these limitations, we introduce a unified framework of temporal clustering methods that allows for both dynamic cluster definitions and the transition of entities between clusters, generalizing and extending previous work. We also provide new algorithms for this dynamic clustering that optimize global objectives, with optional constraints on the transitions of entities across clusters. This framework expands the methodological toolkit for analyzing social change, and we provide guidelines for its application. We illustrate our approach with three case studies: polarization of social and political attitudes across U.S. states; cross-national cultural change; and the evolution of neighborhood business patterns. We conclude with directions for further research.","PeriodicalId":21849,"journal":{"name":"Sociological Methods & Research","volume":"92 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2026-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146169753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Machines Do See Color: Using LLMs to Classify Overt and Covert Racism in Text 机器确实能看到颜色：使用llm对文本中公开和隐蔽的种族主义进行分类
IF 6.3 2区 社会学
Sociological Methods & Research Pub Date : 2026-02-08 DOI: 10.1177/00491241251412360
Diana Dávila Gordillo, Joan C. Timoneda, Sebastián Vallejo Vera
{"title":"Machines Do See Color: Using LLMs to Classify Overt and Covert Racism in Text","authors":"Diana Dávila Gordillo, Joan C. Timoneda, Sebastián Vallejo Vera","doi":"10.1177/00491241251412360","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00491241251412360","url":null,"abstract":"Extant work has identified two discursive forms of racism: overt and covert. While both forms have received attention in scholarly work, research on covert racism has been limited. Its subtle and context-specific nature has made it difficult to systematically identify covert racism in text, especially in large corpora. In this article, we first propose a theoretically driven and generalizable process to identify and classify covert and overt racism in text. This process allows researchers to construct coding schemes and build labeled datasets. We use the resulting dataset to train XLM-RoBERTa, a cross-lingual large language model (LLM) for supervised classification with a cutting-edge contextual understanding of text. We show that XLM-R and XLM-R-Racismo, our pretrained model, outperform other state-of-the-art approaches in classifying racism in large corpora. We illustrate our approach using a corpus of tweets relating to the Ecuadorian <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">indígena</jats:italic> community between 2018 and 2021.","PeriodicalId":21849,"journal":{"name":"Sociological Methods & Research","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2026-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146138609","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Suspicion During Fieldwork: Lessons From Ethnographers Suspected of Espionage 田野调查中的怀疑：从被怀疑从事间谍活动的民族志学家那里得到的教训
IF 6.3 2区 社会学
Sociological Methods & Research Pub Date : 2026-01-22 DOI: 10.1177/00491241251414876
Eric W. Schoon
{"title":"Suspicion During Fieldwork: Lessons From Ethnographers Suspected of Espionage","authors":"Eric W. Schoon","doi":"10.1177/00491241251414876","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00491241251414876","url":null,"abstract":"Researchers routinely face suspicion during fieldwork. This article presents findings from interviews with 34 ethnographers who were suspected of being spies while conducting fieldwork in Turkey. I find that the way the ethnographers experienced and responded to this suspicion depended on whether they reported being <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">questioned</jats:italic> about whether they were spies versus <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">accused</jats:italic> of spying. Questioning was interpreted as sense-making, and researchers reported several common strategies for addressing the suspicions they faced. Accusations, in contrast, were associated with threats and motivated the researchers to mitigate risks to themselves and their interlocutors. Engaging with scholarship on social cognition, high-risk fieldwork, and reflexivity, I discuss how my findings offer practical insights for navigating suspicion and risk during fieldwork—even in seemingly low-risk environments—and I make the case that interrogating how researchers react to suspicion can help them clarify their positionality and aid reflexivity.","PeriodicalId":21849,"journal":{"name":"Sociological Methods & Research","volume":"275 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2026-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146021869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Benefits of a Pragmatic Approach: Rethinking Measurement Invariance and Composite Scores in Cross-Cultural Research 实用主义方法的好处：重新思考跨文化研究中的测量不变性和综合分数
IF 6.3 2区 社会学
Sociological Methods & Research Pub Date : 2025-12-17 DOI: 10.1177/00491241251405869
Christopher Bratt
{"title":"Benefits of a Pragmatic Approach: Rethinking Measurement Invariance and Composite Scores in Cross-Cultural Research","authors":"Christopher Bratt","doi":"10.1177/00491241251405869","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00491241251405869","url":null,"abstract":"Can aggregated composite scores be used to compare countries or other groups despite measurement non-invariance? We propose a pragmatic approach, emphasizing that measurement invariance is valuable but not strictly necessary for all such comparisons. For descriptive analyses of group differences, composite scores may outperform factor-analytic approaches, because they are more intuitive and can capture multiple dimensions. Using data from the European Social Survey (39 countries, 11 measurement occasions, 546,954 respondents), we examined social and political trust. Composite scores aggregated to the country level were practically indistinguishable from countries’ factor scores based on approximate measurement invariance testing. We conclude that composite scores can suffice for simple group comparisons, though their suitability depends on the data. They can, however, underestimate uncertainty, producing overly narrow confidence intervals. We further show that measurement invariance does not guarantee measurement equivalence. Finally, we highlight how researchers can leverage data even if measurement invariance fails.","PeriodicalId":21849,"journal":{"name":"Sociological Methods & Research","volume":"163 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145770615","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
An Ordinal Item Response Model for Understanding Attitudes 理解态度的有序项目反应模型
IF 6.3 2区 社会学
Sociological Methods & Research Pub Date : 2025-12-10 DOI: 10.1177/00491241251403078
Ingrid Mauerer, Gerhard Tutz
{"title":"An Ordinal Item Response Model for Understanding Attitudes","authors":"Ingrid Mauerer, Gerhard Tutz","doi":"10.1177/00491241251403078","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00491241251403078","url":null,"abstract":"We present an item response model for ordinal public opinion data to understand individual-level variation in attitudes as a function of covariates. The approach allows investigating how individuals (or population subgroups) differ in substantive stances and attitude strength. It is a two-dimensional partial credit model that incorporates covariates linked to attitude direction and strength into the basic model. We exemplify the types of substantive insights into heterogeneity that can be obtained from the approach but not from existing models with two applications: attitudes toward gender equality (European Values Study) and the evaluation of presidential candidates (American National Election Study).","PeriodicalId":21849,"journal":{"name":"Sociological Methods & Research","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145717535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Using Focus Groups for Process Tracing: Leveraging Group Discussions for Causal Inference 使用焦点小组进行过程跟踪：利用小组讨论进行因果推理
IF 6.3 2区 社会学
Sociological Methods & Research Pub Date : 2025-12-03 DOI: 10.1177/00491241251398031
Laura López-Pérez, Mayra Ortiz Ocaña
{"title":"Using Focus Groups for Process Tracing: Leveraging Group Discussions for Causal Inference","authors":"Laura López-Pérez, Mayra Ortiz Ocaña","doi":"10.1177/00491241251398031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00491241251398031","url":null,"abstract":"In the social sciences, most process tracing evidence is gathered through individual or atomized sources. However, there are some cases in which individualized data collection methods are not enough to capture collective social processes. We propose using focus groups for process tracing (FGFPT) to gather and analyze qualitative evidence about causal processes and mechanisms by leveraging interaction and discussions. We present three key benefits of using FGFPT: instant fact-checking, obtaining mechanistic evidence through the interactive process, and enhancing participants’ collective agency. Additionally, we propose general guidelines for designing and implementing focus groups with the aim of process tracing: specifying observable implications, forming the focus group, question design, and training the moderator. Focus groups can be the most adequate data collection method to support and enhance process tracing exercises for collective phenomena.","PeriodicalId":21849,"journal":{"name":"Sociological Methods & Research","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145664448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Two-sample Age-period-cohort Models 双样本年龄-时期-队列模型
IF 6.3 2区 社会学
Sociological Methods & Research Pub Date : 2025-10-17 DOI: 10.1177/00491241251376509
Bent Nielsen
{"title":"Two-sample Age-period-cohort Models","authors":"Bent Nielsen","doi":"10.1177/00491241251376509","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00491241251376509","url":null,"abstract":"Age-period-cohort analysis is often done in the context of two samples. This could be samples for women and men or for two countries. It is of interest to ask if some time effects could be common across samples. We clarify how the well-known age-period-cohort problem for one sample carries over to the two sample situation. This is done through a reparametrization in terms of parameters that are invariant to the identification issues. The new parametrization shows which hypotheses can be tested and their degrees of freedom. Testable hypotheses can be formulated for non-linear effects, but not for the linear parts of the individual time effects. This conclusion remains when imposing cross-sample restrictions. The analysis is extended to the mixed frequency situation where age and period are measured at different scales. As an empirical illustration a study of Swiss suicide rates is revisited.","PeriodicalId":21849,"journal":{"name":"Sociological Methods & Research","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145311023","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Challenges in Multilevel Modelling: Cross-Group Measurement Noninvariance and Measurement Errors. A Monte Carlo Simulation Study 多层次建模的挑战：跨组测量不变性和测量误差。蒙特卡罗模拟研究
IF 6.3 2区 社会学
Sociological Methods & Research Pub Date : 2025-10-16 DOI: 10.1177/00491241251379459
Artur Pokropek, Tomasz Żółtak, Eldad Davidov, Bart Meuleman, Peter Schmidt
{"title":"Challenges in Multilevel Modelling: Cross-Group Measurement Noninvariance and Measurement Errors. A Monte Carlo Simulation Study","authors":"Artur Pokropek, Tomasz Żółtak, Eldad Davidov, Bart Meuleman, Peter Schmidt","doi":"10.1177/00491241251379459","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00491241251379459","url":null,"abstract":"Multilevel modelling (MM) is widely utilized in the social sciences, with over 20% of articles in leading sociological journals employing this technique. Despite its prevalence, few studies address whether the variables used in MM are invariant across groups or allow to construct reliable indicators. This study investigates the effects of both measurement noninvariance and random measurement error on MM using Monte Carlo simulations. Our findings reveal significant biases in MM results when random measurement errors are overlooked. Attaining high reliability in the indicators – above 0.94 – can mitigate these biases. While measurement noninvariance introduces bias in MM, its impact is smaller compared to that of the bias caused by unaddressed measurement error. Multilevel structural equation modelling (SEM), which controls for random measurement errors, performs effectively in complete measurement invariance (MI) scenarios. However, the absence of MI can create significant challenges. While multilevel SEM is a powerful analytical tool, it is not immune to the effects of MI assumption violations.","PeriodicalId":21849,"journal":{"name":"Sociological Methods & Research","volume":"100 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145311024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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