目标研究:衡量差异的概念模型和框架

IF 6.5 2区 社会学 Q1 SOCIAL SCIENCES, MATHEMATICAL METHODS
John W. Jackson, Yea-Jen Hsu, Raquel C. Greer, Romsai T. Boonyasai, Chanelle J. Howe
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引用次数: 0

摘要

我们提出了一个衡量差异的概念模型——目标研究——在允许的协变量上,社会群体可能处于相似的位置(即,平衡)。我们的模型,基于抽样设计,不干预分配社会群体成员或改变允许的协变量。为了解决非随机样本选择问题,我们扩展了我们的模型,以推广或转移差异,或在对排除碰撞分层形式的资格相关变量进行干预后评估差异。为了避免不同入组时间的偏差,我们通过平衡不同社会群体入组的日历时间来汇总特定时间的研究结果。为了提供一个模拟我们模型的框架,我们讨论了研究设计、数据结构、g计算和加权估计器。我们将我们的基于抽样的模型与医疗保健和算法公平中使用的基于分解的模型进行比较。我们为所有的估计器提供了R代码,并应用我们的方法来测量卫生系统在使用电子病历控制高血压方面的差异。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
The Target Study: A Conceptual Model and Framework for Measuring Disparity
We present a conceptual model to measure disparity—the target study—where social groups may be similarly situated (i.e., balanced) on allowable covariates. Our model, based on a sampling design, does not intervene to assign social group membership or alter allowable covariates. To address nonrandom sample selection, we extend our model to generalize or transport disparity or to assess disparity after an intervention on eligibility-related variables that eliminates forms of collider-stratification. To avoid bias from differential timing of enrollment, we aggregate time-specific study results by balancing calendar time of enrollment across social groups. To provide a framework for emulating our model, we discuss study designs, data structures, and G-computation and weighting estimators. We compare our sampling-based model to prominent decomposition-based models used in healthcare and algorithmic fairness. We provide R code for all estimators and apply our methods to measure health system disparities in hypertension control using electronic medical records.
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来源期刊
CiteScore
16.30
自引率
3.20%
发文量
40
期刊介绍: Sociological Methods & Research is a quarterly journal devoted to sociology as a cumulative empirical science. The objectives of SMR are multiple, but emphasis is placed on articles that advance the understanding of the field through systematic presentations that clarify methodological problems and assist in ordering the known facts in an area. Review articles will be published, particularly those that emphasize a critical analysis of the status of the arts, but original presentations that are broadly based and provide new research will also be published. Intrinsically, SMR is viewed as substantive journal but one that is highly focused on the assessment of the scientific status of sociology. The scope is broad and flexible, and authors are invited to correspond with the editors about the appropriateness of their articles.
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