Sociological Methods & Research最新文献

Immobility as Memory: Some New Approaches to Characterizing Intergenerational Persistence via Markov Chains 作为记忆的不动性：通过马尔可夫链表征代际持久性的一些新方法

IF 6.3 2区社会学

Sociological Methods & Research Pub Date : 2025-07-09 DOI: 10.1177/00491241251349148

Lawrence E. Blume, Neil A. Cholli, Steven N. Durlauf, Aleksandra Lukina

引用次数: 0

How Do Survey Respondents Decide Whether to Consent to Data Linkage? 调查对象如何决定是否同意数据链接？

IF 6.3 2区社会学

Sociological Methods & Research Pub Date : 2025-07-09 DOI: 10.1177/00491241251344289

Jonathan Burton, Mick P. Couper, Thomas F. Crossley, Annette Jäckle, Sandra Walzenbach

引用次数: 0

Methodological Frontiers in Intergenerational Mobility Research 代际流动研究的方法论前沿

IF 6.3 2区社会学

Sociological Methods & Research Pub Date : 2025-07-02 DOI: 10.1177/00491241251355640

Yoosoon Chang, Steven N. Durlauf, Fabian T. Pfeffer, Xi Song

引用次数: 0

From Codebooks to Promptbooks: Extracting Information from Text with Generative Large Language Models 从代码本到提示本：用生成式大型语言模型从文本中提取信息

IF 6.3 2区社会学

Sociological Methods & Research Pub Date : 2025-06-25 DOI: 10.1177/00491241251336794

Oscar Stuhler, Cat Dang Ton, Etienne Ollion

{"title":"From Codebooks to Promptbooks: Extracting Information from Text with Generative Large Language Models","authors":"Oscar Stuhler, Cat Dang Ton, Etienne Ollion","doi":"10.1177/00491241251336794","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00491241251336794","url":null,"abstract":"Generative AI (GenAI) is quickly becoming a valuable tool for sociological research. Already, sociologists employ GenAI for tasks like classifying text and simulating human agents. We point to another major use case: the extraction of structured information from unstructured text. Information Extraction (IE) is an established branch of Natural Language Processing, but leveraging the affordances of this paradigm has thus far required familiarity with specialized models. GenAI changes this by allowing researchers to define their own IE tasks and execute them via targeted prompts. This article explores the potential of open-source large language models for IE by extracting and encoding biographical information (e.g., age, occupation, origin) from a corpus of newspaper obituaries. As we proceed, we discuss how sociologists can develop and evaluate prompt architectures for such tasks, turning codebooks into “promptbooks.” We also evaluate models of different sizes and prompting techniques. Our analysis showcases the potential of GenAI as a flexible and accessible tool for IE while also underscoring risks like non-random error patterns that can bias downstream analyses.","PeriodicalId":21849,"journal":{"name":"Sociological Methods & Research","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144479192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Geographic Variation in Multigenerational Mobility 多代流动的地理差异

IF 6.3 2区社会学

Sociological Methods & Research Pub Date : 2025-06-20 DOI: 10.1177/00491241251341196

Martin Nybom, Jan Stuhler

引用次数: 0

Absolute and Relative Mobility: Two Frameworks for Connecting Intergenerational Mobility in Absolute and Relative Terms 绝对流动与相对流动：两种连接绝对与相对代际流动的框架

IF 6.3 2区社会学

Sociological Methods & Research Pub Date : 2025-06-20 DOI: 10.1177/00491241251347982

Deirdre Bloome

{"title":"Absolute and Relative Mobility: Two Frameworks for Connecting Intergenerational Mobility in Absolute and Relative Terms","authors":"Deirdre Bloome","doi":"10.1177/00491241251347982","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00491241251347982","url":null,"abstract":"Researchers concerned about intergenerational inequalities study absolute and relative mobility (e.g., whether people’s adult incomes exceed their parents’ incomes in dollars or ranks ). Absolute and relative mobility are connected, by definition. Yet, they are not equivalent. Indeed, they often diverge. To illuminate why, when, and for whom such divergence occurs—and why, when, and for whom convergence is possible—this article provides two frameworks for connecting absolute and relative mobility. One framework is formal and one is typological. Both frameworks center micro-level socioeconomic experiences across generations. Illustrative analyses employ these frameworks using National Longitudinal Survey of Youth data. Results suggest that divergent experiences, like upward absolute mobility despite downward relative mobility, may be more common among more advantaged social groups. Future researchers could use the two frameworks introduced here to further advance our understanding of how intergenerational inequalities evolve differently in absolute and relative terms.","PeriodicalId":21849,"journal":{"name":"Sociological Methods & Research","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144328660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Is There a Mobility Effect? On Methodological Issues in the Mobility Contrast Model 是否存在流动性效应？流动性对比模型的方法论问题

IF 6.3 2区社会学

Sociological Methods & Research Pub Date : 2025-06-19 DOI: 10.1177/00491241251347983

Xi Song, Xiang Zhou

{"title":"Is There a Mobility Effect? On Methodological Issues in the Mobility Contrast Model","authors":"Xi Song, Xiang Zhou","doi":"10.1177/00491241251347983","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00491241251347983","url":null,"abstract":"Social mobility scholars have long been interested in estimating the effect of intergenerational mobility, typically measured by differences in the socioeconomic status between parents and offspring, on later-life outcomes of offspring. In a 2022 article “Heterogeneous Effects of Intergenerational Social Mobility: An Improved Method and New Evidence,” Luo proposes a new approach called the mobility contrast model (MCM) to define and estimate mobility effects. We argue that the MCM is inherently flawed due to its reliance on the coding scheme used for the categorical variables of social origin and destination. Specifically, when different coding schemes are applied, the estimands defined in the MCM bear distinct meanings, involve different but equally arbitrary constraints, and sometimes yield contradictory results. Moreover, regardless of the coding scheme, these estimands do not adequately capture the sociological concept of a mobility effect. To illustrate this, we reanalyze the Occupational Changes in a Generation Study data used in Luo’s study, highlighting the inconsistency of results when dummy coding versus effect coding schemes are used.","PeriodicalId":21849,"journal":{"name":"Sociological Methods & Research","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144328666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Social Rigidity Across and Within Generations: A Predictive Approach 跨代和代内的社会刚性：一种预测方法

IF 6.3 2区社会学

Sociological Methods & Research Pub Date : 2025-06-19 DOI: 10.1177/00491241251347984

Haowen Zheng, Siwei Cheng

{"title":"Social Rigidity Across and Within Generations: A Predictive Approach","authors":"Haowen Zheng, Siwei Cheng","doi":"10.1177/00491241251347984","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00491241251347984","url":null,"abstract":"How well can individuals’ parental background and previous life experiences predict their mid-life socioeconomic status (SES) attainment? This question is central to stratification research, as a strong power of earlier experiences in predicting later-life outcomes signals substantial intra- or intergenerational status persistence, or put simply, social rigidity. Running machine learning models on panel data to predict outcomes that include hourly wage, total income, family income, and occupational status, we find that a large number (around 4,000) of predictors commonly used in the stratification literature improves the prediction of one’s life chances in middle to late adulthood by about 10 percent to 50 percent, compared with a null model that uses a simple mean of the outcome variable. The level of predictability depends on the specific outcome being analyzed, with labor market indicators like wages and occupational prestige being more predictable than broader socioeconomic measures such as overall personal and family income. Grouping a comprehensive list of predictors into four unique sets that cover family background, childhood and adolescence development, early labor market experiences, and early adulthood family formation, we find that including income, employment status, and occupational characteristics at early career significantly improves models’ prediction accuracy for mid-life SES attainment. We also illustrate the application of the predictive models to examine heterogeneity in predictability by race and gender and identify important variables through this data-driven exercise.","PeriodicalId":21849,"journal":{"name":"Sociological Methods & Research","volume":"51 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144319669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Simulating Subjects: The Promise and Peril of Artificial Intelligence Stand-Ins for Social Agents and Interactions 模拟对象：人工智能代替社会代理和互动的希望与危险

IF 6.3 2区社会学

Sociological Methods & Research Pub Date : 2025-06-02 DOI: 10.1177/00491241251337316

Austin C. Kozlowski, James Evans

{"title":"Simulating Subjects: The Promise and Peril of Artificial Intelligence Stand-Ins for Social Agents and Interactions","authors":"Austin C. Kozlowski, James Evans","doi":"10.1177/00491241251337316","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00491241251337316","url":null,"abstract":"Large language models (LLMs), through their exposure to massive collections of online text, learn to reproduce the perspectives and linguistic styles of diverse social and cultural groups. This capability suggests a powerful social scientific application—the simulation of empirically realistic, culturally situated human subjects. Synthesizing recent research in artificial intelligence and computational social science, we outline a methodological foundation for simulating human subjects and their social interactions. We then identify six characteristics of current models that are likely to impair the realistic simulation of human subjects: bias, uniformity, atemporality, disembodiment, linguistic cultures, and alien intelligence. For each of these areas, we discuss promising approaches for overcoming their associated shortcomings. Given the rate of change of these models, we advocate for an ongoing methodological program for the simulation of human subjects that keeps pace with rapid technical progress, and caution that validation against human subjects data remains essential to ensure simulation accuracy.","PeriodicalId":21849,"journal":{"name":"Sociological Methods & Research","volume":"113 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144210944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Causal Effect of Parent Occupation on Child Occupation: A Multivalued Treatment with Positivity Constraints 父母职业对子女职业的因果影响：一个具有正性约束的多值处理

IF 6.3 2区社会学

Sociological Methods & Research Pub Date : 2025-06-02 DOI: 10.1177/00491241251338412

Ian Lundberg, Daniel Molitor, Jennie E. Brand

引用次数: 0