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From Strange to Normal: Computational Approaches to Examining Immigrant Incorporation Through Shifts in the Mainstream 从奇怪到正常:通过主流转变来检验移民融合的计算方法
IF 6.3 2区 社会学
Sociological Methods & Research Pub Date : 2022-10-15 DOI: 10.1177/00491241221122596
Andrea Voyer, Zachary D. Kline, Madison Danton, Tatiana Volkova
{"title":"From Strange to Normal: Computational Approaches to Examining Immigrant Incorporation Through Shifts in the Mainstream","authors":"Andrea Voyer, Zachary D. Kline, Madison Danton, Tatiana Volkova","doi":"10.1177/00491241221122596","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00491241221122596","url":null,"abstract":"This article presents a computational approach to examining immigrant incorporation through shifts in the social “mainstream.” Analyzing a historical corpus of American etiquette books, texts from 1922–2017 describing social norms, we identify mainstream shifts related to long-standing groups which once were and may currently still be seen as immigrant outsiders in the United States: Catholic, Chinese, Irish, Italian, Jewish, Mexican, and Muslim groups. The analysis takes a computational grounded theory approach, combining qualitative readings and computational text analyses. Using word embeddings, we operationalize the chosen groups as focal group concepts. We extract sections of text that are salient to the focal group concepts to create group-specific text corpora. Two computational approaches make it possible to examine mainstream shifts in these corpora. First, we use sentiment analysis to observe the positive sentiment in each corpus and its change over time. Second, we observe changes in each corpus's position on a semantic dimension represented by the poles of “strange” and “normal.” The results indicate mainstream shifts through increases in positive sentiment and movement from strange to normal over time for most of the group-specific corpora. These research techniques can be adapted to other studies of social sentiment and symbolic inclusion.","PeriodicalId":21849,"journal":{"name":"Sociological Methods & Research","volume":"51 1","pages":"1540 - 1579"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2022-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43565259","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Comparing Egocentric and Sociocentric Centrality Measures in Directed Networks 定向网络中自我中心与社会中心的中心性度量比较
IF 6.3 2区 社会学
Sociological Methods & Research Pub Date : 2022-09-21 DOI: 10.1177/00491241221122606
Weihua An
{"title":"Comparing Egocentric and Sociocentric Centrality Measures in Directed Networks","authors":"Weihua An","doi":"10.1177/00491241221122606","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00491241221122606","url":null,"abstract":"Egocentric networks represent a popular research design for network research. However, to what extent and under what conditions egocentric network centrality can serve as reasonable substitutes for...","PeriodicalId":21849,"journal":{"name":"Sociological Methods & Research","volume":"50 15","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2022-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50167915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A Sample Size Formula for Network Scale-up Studies 网络放大研究的样本量公式
IF 6.3 2区 社会学
Sociological Methods & Research Pub Date : 2022-09-13 DOI: 10.1177/00491241221122576
Nathaniel Josephs, Dennis M. Feehan, Forrest W. Crawford
{"title":"A Sample Size Formula for Network Scale-up Studies","authors":"Nathaniel Josephs, Dennis M. Feehan, Forrest W. Crawford","doi":"10.1177/00491241221122576","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00491241221122576","url":null,"abstract":"The network scale-up method (NSUM) is a survey-based method for estimating the number of individuals in a hidden or hard-to-reach subgroup of a general population. In NSUM surveys, sampled individu...","PeriodicalId":21849,"journal":{"name":"Sociological Methods & Research","volume":"50 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2022-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50167918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Extended Computational Case Method: A Framework for Research Design 扩展计算案例法：研究设计的框架
IF 6.3 2区 社会学
Sociological Methods & Research Pub Date : 2022-09-09 DOI: 10.1177/00491241221122616
Juan Pablo Pardo-Guerra, Prithviraj Pahwa
{"title":"The Extended Computational Case Method: A Framework for Research Design","authors":"Juan Pablo Pardo-Guerra, Prithviraj Pahwa","doi":"10.1177/00491241221122616","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00491241221122616","url":null,"abstract":"This paper considers the adoption of computational techniques within research designs modeled after the extended case method. Echoing calls to augment the power of contemporary researchers through the adoption of computational text analysis methods, we offer a framework for thinking about how such techniques can be integrated into quasi-ethnographic workflows to address broad, structural sociological claims. We focus, in particular, on how this adoption of novel forms of evidence impacts corpus design and interpretation (which we tie to matters of casing), theoretical elaboration (which we associate to moving empirical claims across scales and empirical domains), and verification (which we see as a process of reflexive scaffolding of theoretical claims). We provide an example of the use of this framework through a study of the marketization of social scientific knowledge in the United Kingdom.","PeriodicalId":21849,"journal":{"name":"Sociological Methods & Research","volume":"51 1","pages":"1826 - 1867"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2022-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47503936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
From Text Signals to Simulations: A Review and Complement to Text as Data by Grimmer, Roberts & Stewart (PUP 2022) 从文本信号到模拟:对作为数据的文本的回顾和补充，作者:Grimmer, Roberts & Stewart (PUP 2022)
IF 6.3 2区 社会学
Sociological Methods & Research Pub Date : 2022-08-30 DOI: 10.1177/00491241221123086
James A. Evans
{"title":"From Text Signals to Simulations: A Review and Complement to Text as Data by Grimmer, Roberts & Stewart (PUP 2022)","authors":"James A. Evans","doi":"10.1177/00491241221123086","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00491241221123086","url":null,"abstract":"Text as Data represents a major advance for teaching text analysis in the social sciences, digital humanities and data science by providing an integrated framework for how to conceptualize and deploy natural language processing techniques to enrich descriptive and causal analyses of social life in and from text. Here I review achievements of the book and highlight complementary paths not taken, including discussion of recent computational techniques like transformers, which have come to dominate automated language understanding and are just beginning to find their way into the careful research designs showcased in the book. These new methods not only highlight text as a signal from society, but textual models as simulations of society, which could fuel future advances in causal inference and experimentation. Text as Data's focus on textual discovery, measurement and inference points us toward this new frontier, cautioning us not to ignore, but build upon social scientific interpretation and theory.","PeriodicalId":21849,"journal":{"name":"Sociological Methods & Research","volume":"51 1","pages":"1868 - 1885"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2022-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45545862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A Bayesian Semi-Parametric Approach for Modeling Memory Decay in Dynamic Social Networks 动态社会网络中记忆衰减建模的贝叶斯半参数方法
IF 6.3 2区 社会学
Sociological Methods & Research Pub Date : 2022-08-15 DOI: 10.1177/00491241221113875
Giuseppe Arena, Joris Mulder, Roger Th. A.J. Leenders
{"title":"A Bayesian Semi-Parametric Approach for Modeling Memory Decay in Dynamic Social Networks","authors":"Giuseppe Arena, Joris Mulder, Roger Th. A.J. Leenders","doi":"10.1177/00491241221113875","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00491241221113875","url":null,"abstract":"In relational event networks, the tendency for actors to interact with each other depends greatly on the past interactions between the actors in a social network. Both the volume of past interactio...","PeriodicalId":21849,"journal":{"name":"Sociological Methods & Research","volume":"49 15","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2022-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50167932","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 5
The Design and Optimality of Survey Counts: A Unified Framework Via the Fisher Information Maximizer 调查计数的设计与优化:基于Fisher信息最大化器的统一框架
IF 6.3 2区 社会学
Sociological Methods & Research Pub Date : 2022-08-08 DOI: 10.1177/00491241221113877
Xin Guo, Qiang Fu
{"title":"The Design and Optimality of Survey Counts: A Unified Framework Via the Fisher Information Maximizer","authors":"Xin Guo, Qiang Fu","doi":"10.1177/00491241221113877","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00491241221113877","url":null,"abstract":"Grouped and right-censored (GRC) counts have been used in a wide range of attitudinal and behavioural surveys yet they cannot be readily analyzed or assessed by conventional statistical models. Thi...","PeriodicalId":21849,"journal":{"name":"Sociological Methods & Research","volume":"49 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2022-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50167935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A Comparison of Three Popular Methods for Handling Missing Data: Complete-Case Analysis, Inverse Probability Weighting, and Multiple Imputation 三种常用的缺失数据处理方法的比较:全案例分析、逆概率加权和多重插值
IF 6.3 2区 社会学
Sociological Methods & Research Pub Date : 2022-08-05 DOI: 10.1177/00491241221113873
Roderick J. Little, James R. Carpenter, Katherine J. Lee
{"title":"A Comparison of Three Popular Methods for Handling Missing Data: Complete-Case Analysis, Inverse Probability Weighting, and Multiple Imputation","authors":"Roderick J. Little, James R. Carpenter, Katherine J. Lee","doi":"10.1177/00491241221113873","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00491241221113873","url":null,"abstract":"Missing data are a pervasive problem in data analysis. Three common methods for addressing the problem are (a) complete-case analysis, where only units that are complete on the variables in an anal...","PeriodicalId":21849,"journal":{"name":"Sociological Methods & Research","volume":"80 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2022-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50168084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 10
The Age-Period-Cohort-Interaction Model for Describing and Investigating Inter-cohort Deviations and Intra-cohort Life-course Dynamics. 用于描述和研究队列间偏差和队列内生命历程动态的年龄-时期-队列-互动模型。
IF 6.5 2区 社会学
Sociological Methods & Research Pub Date : 2022-08-01 Epub Date: 2020-01-23 DOI: 10.1177/0049124119882451
Liying Luo, James S Hodges
{"title":"The Age-Period-Cohort-Interaction Model for Describing and Investigating Inter-cohort Deviations and Intra-cohort Life-course Dynamics.","authors":"Liying Luo, James S Hodges","doi":"10.1177/0049124119882451","DOIUrl":"10.1177/0049124119882451","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Social scientists have frequently sought to understand the distinct effects of age, period, and cohort, but disaggregation of the three dimensions is difficult because cohort = period - age. We argue that this technical difficulty reflects a disconnection between how cohort effect is conceptualized and how it is modeled in the traditional age-period-cohort framework. We propose a new method, called the age-period-cohort-interaction (APC-I) model, that is qualitatively different from previous methods in that it represents Ryder's (1965) theoretical account about the conditions under which cohort differentiation may arise. This APC-I model does not require problematic statistical assumptions and the interpretation is straightforward. It quantifies inter-cohort deviations from the age and period main effects and also permits hypothesis testing about intra-cohort life-course dynamics. We demonstrate how this new model can be used to examine age, period, and cohort patterns in women's labor force participation.</p>","PeriodicalId":21849,"journal":{"name":"Sociological Methods & Research","volume":"51 3","pages":"1164-1210"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2022-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10081508/pdf/nihms-1849301.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9637385","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Future Strikes Back: Using Future Treatments to Detect and Reduce Hidden Bias. 未来的反击利用未来疗法检测和减少隐藏的偏见。
IF 6.5 2区 社会学
Sociological Methods & Research Pub Date : 2022-08-01 Epub Date: 2019-10-03 DOI: 10.1177/0049124119875958
Felix Elwert, Fabian T Pfeffer
{"title":"The Future Strikes Back: Using Future Treatments to Detect and Reduce Hidden Bias.","authors":"Felix Elwert, Fabian T Pfeffer","doi":"10.1177/0049124119875958","DOIUrl":"10.1177/0049124119875958","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Conventional advice discourages controlling for postoutcome variables in regression analysis. By contrast, we show that controlling for commonly available postoutcome (i.e., future) values of the treatment variable can help detect, reduce, and even remove omitted variable bias (unobserved confounding). The premise is that the same unobserved confounder that affects treatment also affects the future value of the treatment. Future treatments thus proxy for the unmeasured confounder, and researchers can exploit these proxy measures productively. We establish several new results: Regarding a commonly assumed data-generating process involving future treatments, we (1) introduce a simple new approach and show that it strictly reduces bias, (2) elaborate on existing approaches and show that they can increase bias, (3) assess the relative merits of alternative approaches, and (4) analyze true state dependence and selection as key challenges. (5) Importantly, we also introduce a new nonparametric test that uses future treatments to detect hidden bias even when future-treatment estimation fails to reduce bias. We illustrate these results empirically with an analysis of the effect of parental income on children's educational attainment.</p>","PeriodicalId":21849,"journal":{"name":"Sociological Methods & Research","volume":"51 3","pages":"1014-1051"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2022-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9398191/pdf/nihms-1718190.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10272594","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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