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The Augmented Social Scientist: Using Sequential Transfer Learning to Annotate Millions of Texts with Human-Level Accuracy 增强社会科学家:使用顺序迁移学习以人类水平的准确性注释数百万文本
IF 6.3 2区 社会学
Sociological Methods & Research Pub Date : 2022-12-04 DOI: 10.1177/00491241221134526
Salomé Do, Étienne Ollion, Rubing Shen
{"title":"The Augmented Social Scientist: Using Sequential Transfer Learning to Annotate Millions of Texts with Human-Level Accuracy","authors":"Salomé Do, Étienne Ollion, Rubing Shen","doi":"10.1177/00491241221134526","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00491241221134526","url":null,"abstract":"The last decade witnessed a spectacular rise in the volume of available textual data. With this new abundance came the question of how to analyze it. In the social sciences, scholars mostly resorte...","PeriodicalId":21849,"journal":{"name":"Sociological Methods & Research","volume":"54 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2022-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50167746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
What Good is Qualitative Literacy Without Data Transparency? 没有数据透明度的定性素养有什么用?
IF 6.3 2区 社会学
Sociological Methods & Research Pub Date : 2022-12-04 DOI: 10.1177/00491241221140429
Colin Jerolmack
{"title":"What Good is Qualitative Literacy Without Data Transparency?","authors":"Colin Jerolmack","doi":"10.1177/00491241221140429","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00491241221140429","url":null,"abstract":"Ethnographic and interview research have made significant contributions to cumulative social science and influenced the public conversation around important social issues. However, debates rage over whether the standards of positivistic social science can or should be used to judge the rigor of interpretive methods. I begin this essay by briefly delineating the problem of developing evaluative criteria for qualitative research. I then explore the extent to which Small and Calarco's Qualitative Literacy helps advance a set of standards attuned to the distinct epistemology of interview and ethnographic methods. I argue that “qualitative literacy” is necessary but not sufficient to help readers decide whether a particular study is high quality. The reader also needs access to enough information about the researcher's data, field site, or subjects that she can independently reanalyze the researcher's interpretations and consider alternative explanations. I also touch on some important differences between ethnography and interviewing that matter for how we evaluate them.","PeriodicalId":21849,"journal":{"name":"Sociological Methods & Research","volume":"52 1","pages":"1059 - 1072"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2022-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48199240","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Sample Selection Matters: Moving Toward Empirically Sound Qualitative Research 样本选择很重要：迈向实证稳健的定性研究
IF 6.3 2区 社会学
Sociological Methods & Research Pub Date : 2022-12-04 DOI: 10.1177/00491241221140425
Stefanie DeLuca
{"title":"Sample Selection Matters: Moving Toward Empirically Sound Qualitative Research","authors":"Stefanie DeLuca","doi":"10.1177/00491241221140425","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00491241221140425","url":null,"abstract":"Increasingly, the broader public, media and policymakers are looking to qualitative research to provide answers to our most pressing social questions. While an exciting and perhaps overdue moment for qualitative researchers, it is also a time when the method is coming under increasing scrutiny for a lack of reliability and transparency. The question of how to assess the quality of qualitative research is therefore paramount, but the field still lacks clear standards to evaluate qualitative work. In their new book, Qualitative Literacy, Mario Luis Small and Jessica McCrory Calarco aim to fill this gap. I argue that Qualitative Literacy offers a compelling set of standards for consumers to assess whether an in-depth interview or participant observation was of sufficient quality and, to an extent, whether sufficient time was spent in the field. However, by ignoring the vital importance of employing systematic, well-justified, and transparent sampling strategies, the implication is that such essential criteria can be ignored, undermining the potential contribution of qualitative research to a more cumulative creation of scientific knowledge.","PeriodicalId":21849,"journal":{"name":"Sociological Methods & Research","volume":"52 1","pages":"1073 - 1085"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2022-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42275990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Impact of Survey Mode Design and Questionnaire Length on Measurement Quality 调查模式设计和问卷长度对测量质量的影响
IF 6.3 2区 社会学
Sociological Methods & Research Pub Date : 2022-12-04 DOI: 10.1177/00491241221140139
Alexandru Cernat, Joseph Sakshaug, Pablo Christmann, Tobias Gummer
{"title":"The Impact of Survey Mode Design and Questionnaire Length on Measurement Quality","authors":"Alexandru Cernat, Joseph Sakshaug, Pablo Christmann, Tobias Gummer","doi":"10.1177/00491241221140139","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00491241221140139","url":null,"abstract":"Mixed-mode surveys are popular as they can save costs and maintain (or improve) response rates relative to single-mode surveys. Nevertheless, it is not yet clear how design decisions like survey mo...","PeriodicalId":21849,"journal":{"name":"Sociological Methods & Research","volume":"54 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2022-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50167745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Sociological Power of Methodological Rhetoric 方法论修辞的社会学力量
IF 6.3 2区 社会学
Sociological Methods & Research Pub Date : 2022-11-29 DOI: 10.1177/00491241221140427
J. Katz
{"title":"The Sociological Power of Methodological Rhetoric","authors":"J. Katz","doi":"10.1177/00491241221140427","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00491241221140427","url":null,"abstract":"Taking a sociological view, we can investigate the empirical consequences of variations in the rhetoric of sociological methodology. The standards advocated in Qualitative Literacy divide communities of qualitative researchers, as they are not explicitly connected to an understanding of social ontology, unlike previous qualitative methodologies; they continue the long-growing segregation of the rhetorical worlds of qualitative and quantitative research methodology; and they draw attention to the personal competencies of the researcher. I compare a rhetoric of qualitative methodology that: derives evaluation criteria from perspectives on social ontology that have been developing progressively since the early twentieth century; applies the discipline-wide evaluation criteria of reactivity, reliability, representativeness, and replicability; and asks evaluators to focus on the adequacy of the textual depiction of research subjects.","PeriodicalId":21849,"journal":{"name":"Sociological Methods & Research","volume":"52 1","pages":"1086 - 1102"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2022-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45644620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Cognitive Plausibility and Qualitative Research 认知合理性与定性研究
IF 6.3 2区 社会学
Sociological Methods & Research Pub Date : 2022-11-28 DOI: 10.1177/00491241221140426
John Levi Martin
{"title":"Cognitive Plausibility and Qualitative Research","authors":"John Levi Martin","doi":"10.1177/00491241221140426","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00491241221140426","url":null,"abstract":"Small and Calarco have done the field a great service; we must go further and arm readers with better understandings of when authors have in fact fulfilled Small and Calarco’s strictures.","PeriodicalId":21849,"journal":{"name":"Sociological Methods & Research","volume":"52 1","pages":"1048 - 1058"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2022-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47087547","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Concrete Counterfactual Tests for Process Tracing: Defending an Interventionist Potential Outcomes Framework 过程追踪的具体反事实测试:捍卫干预主义潜在结果框架
IF 6.3 2区 社会学
Sociological Methods & Research Pub Date : 2022-11-24 DOI: 10.1177/00491241221134523
Rosa W. Runhardt
{"title":"Concrete Counterfactual Tests for Process Tracing: Defending an Interventionist Potential Outcomes Framework","authors":"Rosa W. Runhardt","doi":"10.1177/00491241221134523","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00491241221134523","url":null,"abstract":"This article uses the interventionist theory of causation, a counterfactual theory taken from philosophy of science, to strengthen causal analysis in process tracing research. Causal claims from pr...","PeriodicalId":21849,"journal":{"name":"Sociological Methods & Research","volume":"53 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2022-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50167748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Measuring Class Hierarchies in Postindustrial Societies: A Criterion and Construct Validation of EGP and ESEC Across 31 Countries 衡量后工业社会的阶级等级:31个国家的EGP和ESEC标准及其结构验证
IF 6.3 2区 社会学
Sociological Methods & Research Pub Date : 2022-11-11 DOI: 10.1177/00491241221134522
O. Smallenbroek, F. Hertel, C. Barone
{"title":"Measuring Class Hierarchies in Postindustrial Societies: A Criterion and Construct Validation of EGP and ESEC Across 31 Countries","authors":"O. Smallenbroek, F. Hertel, C. Barone","doi":"10.1177/00491241221134522","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00491241221134522","url":null,"abstract":"In social stratification research, the most frequently used social class schema are based on employment relations (EGP and ESEC). These schemes have been propelled to paradigms for research on soci...","PeriodicalId":21849,"journal":{"name":"Sociological Methods & Research","volume":"52 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2022-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50167753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Machine Learning as a Model for Cultural Learning: Teaching an Algorithm What it Means to be Fat. 机器学习作为文化学习的模式：教算法胖意味着什么
IF 6.3 2区 社会学
Sociological Methods & Research Pub Date : 2022-11-01 Epub Date: 2022-12-02 DOI: 10.1177/00491241221122603
Alina Arseniev-Koehler, Jacob G Foster
{"title":"Machine Learning as a Model for Cultural Learning: Teaching an Algorithm What it Means to be Fat.","authors":"Alina Arseniev-Koehler, Jacob G Foster","doi":"10.1177/00491241221122603","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00491241221122603","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Public culture is a powerful source of cognitive socialization; for example, media language is full of meanings about body weight. Yet it remains unclear how individuals process meanings in public culture. We suggest that schema learning is a core mechanism by which public culture becomes personal culture. We propose that a burgeoning approach in computational text analysis - neural word embeddings - can be interpreted as a formal model for cultural learning. Embeddings allow us to empirically model schema learning and activation from natural language data. We illustrate our approach by extracting four lower-order schemas from news articles: the gender, moral, health, and class meanings of body weight. Using these lower-order schemas we quantify how words about body weight \"fill in the blanks\" about gender, morality, health, and class. Our findings reinforce ongoing concerns that machine-learning models (e.g., of natural language) can encode and reproduce harmful human biases.</p>","PeriodicalId":21849,"journal":{"name":"Sociological Methods & Research","volume":"51 1","pages":"1484-1539"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10653277/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45938371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 27
From Ends to Means: The Promise of Computational Text Analysis for Theoretically Driven Sociological Research 从目的到手段:计算文本分析在理论驱动的社会学研究中的前景
IF 6.3 2区 社会学
Sociological Methods & Research Pub Date : 2022-11-01 DOI: 10.1177/00491241221123088
Bart Bonikowski, Laura K. Nelson
{"title":"From Ends to Means: The Promise of Computational Text Analysis for Theoretically Driven Sociological Research","authors":"Bart Bonikowski, Laura K. Nelson","doi":"10.1177/00491241221123088","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00491241221123088","url":null,"abstract":"As the field of computational text analysis within the social sciences is maturing, computational methods are no longer seen as ends in themselves, but rather as means toward answering theoretically motivated research questions. The objective of this special issue is to showcase such research: the use of novel computational methods in the service of advancing substantive scientific knowledge. In presenting the contributions to the issue, we discuss several insights that emerge from this work, which hold relevance not only for current and aspiring practitioners of computational text analysis, but also for its skeptics. These concern the central role of theory in designing and executing computational research, the selection of appropriate techniques from a rapidly growing methodological toolkit, the benefits—and risks—of methodological bricolage, and the necessity of validating all aspects of the research process. The result is a set of broad considerations concerning the effective application of computational methods to substantive questions, illustrated by eight exemplary empirical studies.","PeriodicalId":21849,"journal":{"name":"Sociological Methods & Research","volume":"51 1","pages":"1469 - 1483"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47988770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
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