Sociological Methods & Research最新文献

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Analyzing factorial survey data with structural equation models 用结构方程模型分析析因调查数据
IF 6.3 2区 社会学
Sociological Methods & Research Pub Date : 2021-11-29 DOI: 10.1177/00491241211043139
Bert Weijters, E. Davidov, H. Baumgartner
{"title":"Analyzing factorial survey data with structural equation models","authors":"Bert Weijters, E. Davidov, H. Baumgartner","doi":"10.1177/00491241211043139","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00491241211043139","url":null,"abstract":"In factorial survey designs, respondents evaluate multiple short descriptions of social objects (vignettes) that experimentally vary different levels of attributes of interest. Analytical methods (including individual-level regression analysis and multilevel models) estimate the weights (or utilities) assigned to the levels of the different attributes by participants to arrive at an overall response to the vignettes. In the current paper, we explain how data from factorial surveys can be analyzed in a structural equation modeling framework using an approach called structural equation modeling for within-subject experiments. We review the use of factorial surveys in social science research, discuss typically used methods to analyze factorial survey data, introduce the structural equation modeling for within-subject experiments approach, and present an empirical illustration of the proposed method. We conclude by describing several extensions, providing some practical recommendations, and discussing potential limitations.","PeriodicalId":21849,"journal":{"name":"Sociological Methods & Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2021-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47376067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Using Inverse Probability Weighting to Address Post-Outcome Collider Bias 使用逆概率加权来解决结果后对撞机偏差
IF 6.3 2区 社会学
Sociological Methods & Research Pub Date : 2021-11-17 DOI: 10.1177/00491241211043131
R. Breen, J. Ermisch
{"title":"Using Inverse Probability Weighting to Address Post-Outcome Collider Bias","authors":"R. Breen, J. Ermisch","doi":"10.1177/00491241211043131","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00491241211043131","url":null,"abstract":"We consider the problem of bias arising from conditioning on a post-outcome collider. We illustrate this with reference to Elwert and Winship (2014) but we go beyond their study to investigate the extent to which inverse probability weighting might offer solutions. We use linear models to derive expressions for the bias arising in different kinds of post-outcome confounding, and we show the specific situations in which inverse probability weighting will allow us to obtain estimates that are consistent or, if not consistent, less biased than those obtained via ordinary least squares regression.","PeriodicalId":21849,"journal":{"name":"Sociological Methods & Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2021-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48294582","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Method Bias Mechanisms and Procedural Remedies 方法偏倚机制和程序补救
IF 6.3 2区 社会学
Sociological Methods & Research Pub Date : 2021-11-10 DOI: 10.1177/00491241211043141
Minghui Yao, Y. Xu
{"title":"Method Bias Mechanisms and Procedural Remedies","authors":"Minghui Yao, Y. Xu","doi":"10.1177/00491241211043141","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00491241211043141","url":null,"abstract":"As a crucial method in organizational and social behavior research, self-report surveys must manage method bias. Method biases are distorted scores in survey response, distorted variance in variables, and distorted relational estimates between variables caused by method designs. Studies on method bias have focused on post hoc statistical control, but integrated analyses of the sociopsychological mechanism of method bias are lacking. This review proposes a framework for method bias and offers a relatively complete and detailed review of the sociopsychological and statistical mechanisms of four main types of method bias and their procedural remedies. This review proposes “reduce, remove, and rectify” as a guideline for researchers in survey design to address method bias. Finally, this review presents two directions for future methodology research.","PeriodicalId":21849,"journal":{"name":"Sociological Methods & Research","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2021-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41328622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
Agent-Based Models for Assessing Complex Statistical Models: An Example Evaluating Selection and Social Influence Estimates from SIENA. 评估复杂统计模型的基于主体的模型:一个评估SIENA选择和社会影响估计的例子。
IF 6.5 2区 社会学
Sociological Methods & Research Pub Date : 2021-11-01 Epub Date: 2019-04-01 DOI: 10.1177/0049124119826147
Sebastian Daza, L Kurt Kreuger
{"title":"Agent-Based Models for Assessing Complex Statistical Models: An Example Evaluating Selection and Social Influence Estimates from SIENA.","authors":"Sebastian Daza, L Kurt Kreuger","doi":"10.1177/0049124119826147","DOIUrl":"10.1177/0049124119826147","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Although agent-based models (ABMs) have been increasingly accepted in social sciences as a valid tool to formalize theory, propose mechanisms able to recreate regularities, and guide empirical research, we are not aware of any research using ABMs to assess the robustness of our statistical methods. We argue that ABMs can be extremely helpful to assess models when the phenomena under study are complex. As an example, we create an ABM to evaluate the estimation of selection and influence effects by SIENA, a stochastic actor-oriented model proposed by Tom A. B. Snijders and colleagues. It is a prominent network analysis method that has gained popularity during the last 10 years and been applied to estimate selection and influence for a broad range of behaviors and traits such as substance use, delinquency, violence, health, and educational attainment. However, we know little about the conditions for which this method is reliable or the particular biases it might have. The results from our analysis show that selection and influence are estimated by SIENA asymmetrically and that, with very simple assumptions, we can generate data where selection estimates are highly sensitive to misspecification, suggesting caution when interpreting SIENA analyses.</p>","PeriodicalId":21849,"journal":{"name":"Sociological Methods & Research","volume":"50 4","pages":"1725-1762"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2021-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8491991/pdf/nihms-1021951.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39495517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Measuring the Nature of Individual Sequences 测量单个序列的性质
IF 6.3 2区 社会学
Sociological Methods & Research Pub Date : 2021-09-27 DOI: 10.1177/00491241211036156
G. Ritschard
{"title":"Measuring the Nature of Individual Sequences","authors":"G. Ritschard","doi":"10.1177/00491241211036156","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00491241211036156","url":null,"abstract":"This study reviews and compares indicators that can serve to characterize numerically the nature of state sequences. It also introduces several new indicators. Alongside basic measures such as the length, the number of visited distinct states, and the number of state changes, we shall consider composite measures such as turbulence and the complexity index, and measures that take account of the nature (e.g., positive vs. negative or ranking) of the states. The discussion points out the strange behavior of some of the measures—Elzinga’s turbulence and the precarity index of Ritschard, Bussi, and O’Reilly in particular—and propositions are made to avoid these flaws. The usage of the indicators is illustrated with two applications using data from the Swiss Household Panel. The first application tests the U-shape hypothesis about the evolution of life satisfaction along the life course, and the second one examines the scarring effect of earlier employment sequences.","PeriodicalId":21849,"journal":{"name":"Sociological Methods & Research","volume":"52 1","pages":"2016 - 2049"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2021-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"65286260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 13
Coping With Plenitude: A Computational Approach to Selecting the Right Algorithm 应对丰富:选择正确算法的计算方法
IF 6.3 2区 社会学
Sociological Methods & Research Pub Date : 2021-09-13 DOI: 10.1177/00491241211031273
Ramina Sotoudeh, Paul DiMaggio
{"title":"Coping With Plenitude: A Computational Approach to Selecting the Right Algorithm","authors":"Ramina Sotoudeh, Paul DiMaggio","doi":"10.1177/00491241211031273","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00491241211031273","url":null,"abstract":"Sociologists increasingly face choices among competing algorithms that represent reasonable approaches to the same task, with little guidance in choosing among them. We develop a strategy that uses simulated data to identify the conditions under which different methods perform well and applies what is learned from the simulations to predict which method will perform best on never-before-seen empirical data sets. We apply this strategy to a class of methods that group respondents to attitude surveys according to whether they share construals of a given domain. This allows us to identify the relative strengths and weaknesses of the methods we consider, including relational class analysis, correlational class analysis, and eight other such variants. Results support the “no free lunch” view that researchers should abandon the quest for one best algorithm in favor of matching algorithms to kinds of data for which each is most appropriate and provide direction on how to do so.","PeriodicalId":21849,"journal":{"name":"Sociological Methods & Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2021-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48762683","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
Promise Into Practice: Application of Computer Vision in Empirical Research on Social Distancing 承诺付诸实践:计算机视觉在社交距离实证研究中的应用
IF 6.3 2区 社会学
Sociological Methods & Research Pub Date : 2021-09-13 DOI: 10.1177/00491241221099554
W. Bernasco, Eveline Hoeben, D. Koelma, L. S. Liebst, Josephine Thomas, Joska Appelman, Cees G. M. Snoek, M. R. Lindegaard
{"title":"Promise Into Practice: Application of Computer Vision in Empirical Research on Social Distancing","authors":"W. Bernasco, Eveline Hoeben, D. Koelma, L. S. Liebst, Josephine Thomas, Joska Appelman, Cees G. M. Snoek, M. R. Lindegaard","doi":"10.1177/00491241221099554","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00491241221099554","url":null,"abstract":"Social scientists increasingly use video data, but large-scale analysis of its content is often constrained by scarce manual coding resources. Upscaling may be possible with the application of automated coding procedures, which are being developed in the field of computer vision. Here, we introduce computer vision to social scientists, review the state-of-the-art in relevant subfields, and provide a working example of how computer vision can be applied in empirical sociological work. Our application involves defining a ground truth by human coders, developing an algorithm for automated coding, testing the performance of the algorithm against the ground truth, and running the algorithm on a large-scale dataset of CCTV images. The working example concerns monitoring social distancing behavior in public space over more than a year of the COVID-19 pandemic. Finally, we discuss prospects for the use of computer vision in empirical social science research and address technical and ethical challenges.","PeriodicalId":21849,"journal":{"name":"Sociological Methods & Research","volume":"52 1","pages":"1239 - 1287"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2021-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46253647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 6
A Robustness Test Protocol for Applied QCA: Theory and R Software Application 应用QCA的鲁棒性测试协议:理论与R软件应用
IF 6.3 2区 社会学
Sociological Methods & Research Pub Date : 2021-08-26 DOI: 10.1177/00491241211036158
Ioana-Elena Oană, Carsten Q. Schneider
{"title":"A Robustness Test Protocol for Applied QCA: Theory and R Software Application","authors":"Ioana-Elena Oană, Carsten Q. Schneider","doi":"10.1177/00491241211036158","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00491241211036158","url":null,"abstract":"The robustness of qualitative comparative analysis (QCA) results features high on the agenda of methodologists and practitioners. This article aims at advancing this debate on several fronts. First, in line with the extant literature, we take a comprehensive view on robustness arguing that decisions on calibration, consistency, and frequency thresholds should all be tested. Second, we introduce the notion of “sensitivity range” as the range of values for any of these parameters within which the solution formula remains unchanged. Third, we argue that interpreting robustness is more intricate than simply checking if solutions remain unchanged. Beyond sensitivity ranges, researchers should assess robustness by evaluating changes in parameters of fit and the classification of cases as robust, shaky, or possible. Fourth, we enable researchers to perform more than one robustness test at a time by proposing the notions of a “test set”: the overlap between conceptually plausible alternative solutions that can be generated; and of a “robust core”: that part of a QCA solution that withstands the robustness checks. Fifth, we present functionalities implemented in the R package SetMethods that enable researchers to put in practice our proposals. These advancements are integrated into a comprehensive QCA Robustness Test Protocol consisting of three main tests: sensitivity ranges, fit-oriented robustness, and case-oriented robustness. We illustrate the protocol’s implementation with an example on high life expectancy across the globe.","PeriodicalId":21849,"journal":{"name":"Sociological Methods & Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2021-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44888650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 14
A Tale of Twin Dependence: A New Multivariate Regression Model and an FGLS Estimator for Analyzing Outcomes With Network Dependence 双胞胎依赖的故事:一个新的多元回归模型和一个用于分析网络依赖结果的FGLS估计
IF 6.3 2区 社会学
Sociological Methods & Research Pub Date : 2021-08-12 DOI: 10.1177/00491241211031263
Weihua An
{"title":"A Tale of Twin Dependence: A New Multivariate Regression Model and an FGLS Estimator for Analyzing Outcomes With Network Dependence","authors":"Weihua An","doi":"10.1177/00491241211031263","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00491241211031263","url":null,"abstract":"In this article, I present a new multivariate regression model for analyzing outcomes with network dependence. The model is capable to account for two types of outcome dependence including the mean dependence that allows the outcome to depend on selected features of a known dependence network and the error dependence that allows the outcome to be additionally correlated based on patterned connections in the dependence network (e.g., according to whether the ties are asymmetric, mutual, or triadic). For example, when predicting a group of students’ smoking status, the outcome can depend on the students’ positions in their friendship network and also be correlated among friends. I show that analyses ignoring the mean dependence can lead to severe bias in the estimated coefficients while analyses ignoring the error dependence can lead to inefficient inferences and failures in recognizing unmeasured social processes. I compare the new model with related models such as multilevel models, spatial regression models, and exponential random graph models and show their connections and differences. I propose a two-step, feasible generalized least squares estimator to estimate the model that is computationally fast and robust. Simulations show the validity of the new model (and the estimator) while four empirical examples demonstrate its versatility. Associated R package “fglsnet” is available for public use.","PeriodicalId":21849,"journal":{"name":"Sociological Methods & Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2021-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47741542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Social Autopsy 社会解剖
IF 6.3 2区 社会学
Sociological Methods & Research Pub Date : 2021-08-09 DOI: 10.1177/00491241211036163
S. Timmermans, Pamela J. Prickett
{"title":"The Social Autopsy","authors":"S. Timmermans, Pamela J. Prickett","doi":"10.1177/00491241211036163","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00491241211036163","url":null,"abstract":"The social autopsy takes the death of a set of individuals as its starting point and then critically and systematically examines social and political conditions to explain these deaths and generate awareness and policy change. After distinguishing the social autopsy from other means to explain excess and premature deaths, we delineate three core methodological principles of the social autopsy: social relevance as a guiding criterion to sample the deaths to be autopsied, embedding the patterning of deaths in social worlds, and a focus on contextual causality and social mechanisms. We provide three contemporary examples of excess deaths calling out for social autopsies: school shootings, Black deaths at the hands of police, and migrant border deaths.","PeriodicalId":21849,"journal":{"name":"Sociological Methods & Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2021-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45283480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
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