Obesity Reviews最新文献

{"title":"Episodic future thinking improves intertemporal choice and food choice in individuals with higher weight: A systematic review and meta-analysis","authors":"Emily Colton,&nbsp;Mia Connors,&nbsp;Justin Mahlberg,&nbsp;Antonio Verdejo-Garcia","doi":"10.1111/obr.13801","DOIUrl":"10.1111/obr.13801","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Episodic future thinking (EFT) strengthens self-regulation abilities by increasing the perceived value of long-term reinforcements and reducing impulsive choice in delay discounting tasks. As such, EFT interventions have the potential to improve dietary and eating-related decision-making in individuals with obesity or binge eating symptoms, conditions associated with elevated delay discounting. Here, we meta-analyzed evidence from 12 studies that assessed whether EFT interventions improve delay discounting and real-world food choice compared to control interventions. Included studies involved 951 adults with overweight or obesity (body mass index [BMI] ≥25). There were no studies involving participants with binge eating disorder. EFT intervention pooled effects were significant, improving delay discounting with a medium effect, <i>g</i> = 0.55, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.0001, and subsequent food choice outcomes with a small effect, <i>g</i> = 0.31, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.01. Notably, our review is the first to analyze mechanisms of effect in this population, demonstrating that improvements were greater when temporal horizons of EFT episodes were aligned with delay discounting tasks and more distant horizons predicted far-transfer to subsequent dietary and eating-related choices. Our findings thus show that EFT is an effective intervention for individuals with higher weight at risk of adverse health consequences.</p>","PeriodicalId":216,"journal":{"name":"Obesity Reviews","volume":"25 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/obr.13801","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141877945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cardiometabolic implications of adipose tissue aging","authors":"Bulbul Ahmed,&nbsp;Melissa G. Farb,&nbsp;Noyan Gokce","doi":"10.1111/obr.13806","DOIUrl":"10.1111/obr.13806","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Adipose tissue is a large endocrine organ that serves numerous physiological functions. As we age, adipose tissue remodels and can develop functional changes that alters its phenotype, potentially contributing to metabolic and cardiovascular disorders. Aging adipose tissue is characterized by regional redistribution of fat, accumulation of senescent cells, fibrosis, and decline in adipocyte differentiation capacities, which collectively impact adipose tissue function and whole body health. A notable transformation involves increased accumulation of intra-abdominal visceral adipose tissue and ectopic fat around internal organs such as the heart, blood vessels, liver, and kidneys that alter their functions. Other changes associated with aging include alterations in adipokine secretion and changes in adipocyte size and numbers. Aging adipocytes play a role in mediating chronic inflammation, metabolic dysfunction, and insulin resistance. Visceral adipose tissue, which increases in volume with aging, is in particular associated with inflammation, angiogenic dysfunction, and microvascular abnormalities, and mediators released by visceral fat may have adverse consequences systemically in multiple target organs, including the cardiovascular system. Understanding mechanisms underlying adipose tissue aging and its impact on cardiovascular health are important for developing interventions and treatments to promote healthy aging and reduce cardiometabolic disease risk.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":216,"journal":{"name":"Obesity Reviews","volume":"25 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141791442","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The utility of obesity polygenic risk scores from research to clinical practice: A review","authors":"Philip R. Jansen,&nbsp;Niels Vos,&nbsp;Jorrit van Uhm,&nbsp;Ilona A. Dekkers,&nbsp;Rieneke van der Meer,&nbsp;Marcel M. A. M. Mannens,&nbsp;Mieke M. van Haelst","doi":"10.1111/obr.13810","DOIUrl":"10.1111/obr.13810","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Obesity represents a major public health emergency worldwide, and its etiology is shaped by a complex interplay of environmental and genetic factors. Over the last decade, polygenic risk scores (PRS) have emerged as a promising tool to quantify an individual's genetic risk of obesity. The field of PRS in obesity genetics is rapidly evolving, shedding new lights on obesity mechanisms and holding promise for contributing to personalized prevention and treatment. Challenges persist in terms of its clinical integration, including the need for further validation in large-scale prospective cohorts, ethical considerations, and implications for health disparities. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of PRS for studying the genetics of obesity, spanning from methodological nuances to clinical applications and challenges. We summarize the latest developments in the generation and refinement of PRS for obesity, including advances in methodologies for aggregating genome-wide association study data and improving PRS predictive accuracy, and discuss limitations that need to be overcome to fully realize its potential benefits of PRS in both medicine and public health.</p>","PeriodicalId":216,"journal":{"name":"Obesity Reviews","volume":"25 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/obr.13810","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141791443","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of adverse childhood experiences and overweight or obesity in adolescents: A systematic review and network analysis","authors":"Renato Mikio Moriya,&nbsp;Carlos Eduardo Coral de Oliveira,&nbsp;Edna Maria Vissoci Reiche,&nbsp;João Luís Lima Passini,&nbsp;Sandra Odebrecht Vargas Nunes","doi":"10.1111/obr.13809","DOIUrl":"10.1111/obr.13809","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This systematic review with meta-analysis assessed the effects of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) linked to overweight or obesity in adolescents. Twenty-eight studies (cross-sectional, case–control, or cohort) were included, which described individuals with a history of ACE or adverse family experiences, such as physical, emotional, or psychological abuses; neglect; exposure to domestic violence or peer violence; and sexual abuse. Body mass index (BMI) or BMI <i>z</i> score was used by the study to define adolescents with overweight or obesity. Adolescents who reported childhood experiences, mainly physical, sexual, and emotional abuses, were more associated with overweight/obesity, especially those who experienced four or more ACEs. Network meta-analysis indicated that physical, sexual, and neglect were the most common ACEs associated with obesity in adolescents. Due to significant differences and imprecision among the studies, network meta-analysis was inconclusive in determining the impact of other types of ACE on outcomes. However, evidence suggests that exposure to sexual and physical abuse, as well as neglect, is associated with adolescents who are obese or overweight, as well as with the number of ACE experienced. The study presented evidence suggesting that dealing with many ACEs may be a risk factor for overweight and obesity in adolescents.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":216,"journal":{"name":"Obesity Reviews","volume":"25 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141791441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The promising role of Transcendental Meditation in the prevention and treatment of cardiometabolic diseases: A systematic review","authors":"Mahesh Kumar Khanal,&nbsp;Leila Karimi,&nbsp;Peter Saunders,&nbsp;Robert H. Schneider,&nbsp;John Salerno,&nbsp;Karen Livesay,&nbsp;Karen T. Hallam,&nbsp;Barbora de Courten","doi":"10.1111/obr.13800","DOIUrl":"10.1111/obr.13800","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Psychological distress has a demonstrable impact on cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and risk factors. Transcendental Meditation (TM) has been shown to reduce stress and improve health and well-being. The current review aimed to synthesize the evidence on the effects of TM on cardiometabolic outcomes and identify gaps for future research. We searched PubMed/MEDLINE, EMBASE, SCOPUS, and Web of Science databases for relevant literature. Forty-five papers that reported studies of TM on cardiometabolic risk factors and diseases were included. Evidence shows that TM is effective in reducing blood pressure (BP). We found some evidence that TM can improve insulin resistance and may play a role in improving dyslipidemia, exercise tolerance, and myocardial blood flow, and in reducing carotid intima-media thickness and left ventricular mass. Studies show that long-term TM practice can reduce the risk of myocardial infarction, stroke, and CVD mortality. This review identified that certain studies have high participant drop-out rates, and fewer studies targeted comprehensive cardiometabolic outcomes beyond BP with longer follow-up periods. We found that most studies were conducted in specific populations, which may limit generalizability. In conclusion, TM has the potential to improve cardiometabolic health; however, research gaps highlight the need for larger phase III multicenter clinical trials with long-term follow-ups.</p>","PeriodicalId":216,"journal":{"name":"Obesity Reviews","volume":"25 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/obr.13800","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141786659","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Overcoming underestimation of the association of excess weight with pancreatic cancer due to prediagnostic weight loss: Umbrella review of systematic reviews, meta-analyses, and pooled-analyses","authors":"Marko Mandic,&nbsp;Dianne Pulte,&nbsp;Fatemeh Safizadeh,&nbsp;Tobias Niedermaier,&nbsp;Michael Hoffmeister,&nbsp;Hermann Brenner","doi":"10.1111/obr.13799","DOIUrl":"10.1111/obr.13799","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Elevated body mass index (BMI) is linked to increased pancreatic cancer (PC) risk. Cancer-associated weight loss can occur years before the malignancy is diagnosed. This might have led to underestimation of the BMI-PC association. However, it is unknown if and to what extent this issue has been considered in previous epidemiological studies. We searched two databases through February 19, 2024 for systematic reviews, meta-analyses, and pooled analyses examining the BMI-PC association. We extracted information on study design with a special focus on the article's examination of prediagnostic weight loss as a potential source of bias, as well as how included cohort studies addressed this concern. Thirteen review articles, meta-analyses, and pooled analyses were identified. Only five (four pooled analyses, one systematic review) considered prediagnostic weight loss in their analyses. Twenty-four of 32 identified cohort studies reported having excluded initial years of follow-up. However, only 13 studies reported results after such exclusions, and effect estimates generally increased with longer periods of exclusion. We conclude that the association of overweight and obesity with PC risk is likely larger than suggested by published epidemiological evidence. Future studies should pay careful attention to avoid or minimize potential bias resulting from prediagnostic weight loss.</p>","PeriodicalId":216,"journal":{"name":"Obesity Reviews","volume":"25 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/obr.13799","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141756002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between preconception body mass index and fertility in adult female: A systematic review and meta-analysis","authors":"Jixing Zhou,&nbsp;Yi Zhang,&nbsp;Yuzhu Teng,&nbsp;Lianjie Dou,&nbsp;Huiru Chen,&nbsp;Fangbiao Tao,&nbsp;Kun Huang","doi":"10.1111/obr.13804","DOIUrl":"10.1111/obr.13804","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Obesity potentially reduces fertility, but systematic reviews are lacking to summarize the existing literature. Therefore, we systematically summarized the association between preconception body mass index (BMI) and fertility in adult female based on existing reports. Up to September 2023, we conducted literature retrievals in different databases, including Web of Science, PubMed, Wiley, and ScienceDirect. Finally, 18 studies were included. Female with overweight/obesity (FOR = 0.85; 95% CI: 0.80, 0.90), obesity (FOR = 0.76; 95% CI: 0.69, 0.83), and overweight (FOR = 0.93; 95% CI: 0.88, 0.99) was associated with the significant time-to-pregnancy (TTP) prolongation (reduced fecundability). Interestingly, underweight was moderately associated with prolonged TTP in females (FOR = 0.95; 95% CI: 0.91, 0.99). Female overweight/obesity was associated with an increased risk of subfecundity (OR = 1.44; 95% CI: 1.20, 1.72) and infertility (OR = 1.60, 95% CI: 1.31–1.94). The findings emphasize the importance of considering appropriate preconception BMI at the population level for female fertility outcomes. In particular, prepregnancy obesity in females is strongly associated with prolonged TTP and increased risk of subfecundity. Scientific management of preconception BMI may improve fertility.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":216,"journal":{"name":"Obesity Reviews","volume":"25 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141756001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Leptin is a potential biomarker of childhood obesity and an indicator of the effectiveness of weight-loss interventions","authors":"Mohammad Al Zein,&nbsp;Aishat Funmilayo Akomolafe,&nbsp;Fathima R. Mahmood,&nbsp;Ali Khrayzat,&nbsp;Amirhossein Sahebkar,&nbsp;Gianfranco Pintus,&nbsp;Firas Kobeissy,&nbsp;Ali H. Eid","doi":"10.1111/obr.13807","DOIUrl":"10.1111/obr.13807","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Childhood obesity represents a significant public health concern, imposing a substantial burden on the healthcare system. Furthermore, weight-loss programs often exhibit reduced effectiveness in adults who have a history of childhood obesity. Therefore, early intervention against childhood obesity is imperative. Presently, the primary method for diagnosing childhood obesity relies on body mass index (BMI), yet this approach has inherent limitations. Leptin, a satiety hormone produced by adipocytes, holds promise as a superior tool for predicting both childhood and subsequent adulthood obesity. In this review, we elucidate the tools employed for assessing obesity in children, delve into the biological functions of leptin, and examine the factors governing its expression. Additionally, we discuss maternal and infantile leptin levels as predictors of childhood obesity. By exploring the relationship between leptin levels and weight loss, we present leptin as a potential indicator of the effectiveness of obesity interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":216,"journal":{"name":"Obesity Reviews","volume":"25 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/obr.13807","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141750686","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in adolescent and adult candidates for metabolic and bariatric surgery: A systematic review and meta-analysis","authors":"Hervé Caci,&nbsp;Andrea Chierici,&nbsp;Antonio Iannelli","doi":"10.1111/obr.13802","DOIUrl":"10.1111/obr.13802","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Attention-deficit with hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is associated with obesity and impacts the outcome of metabolic and bariatric surgery (MBS). This study aimed at calculating the prevalence in candidates for MBS, which is yet unclear.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis, searching three databases from their respective inception to December 2022 for studies reporting the prevalence of ADHD in adolescents and adults assessed before undergoing MBS. The protocol was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42022384914). We adhered to Meta-analysis of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (MOOSE) and Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) 2020 guidelines; the quality of studies was assessed with the JBI Critical Appraisal checklist. Random-effect meta-analyses were performed; confidence intervals were computed with a binomial exact method, and the pooled estimate was calculated after double arcsine transformation.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Findings</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Fourteen studies (24,455 adults) and three studies (299 adolescents) were selected. The quality of studies was moderate to poor; meta-analyses were performed on subgroups according to the case definition used. The prevalence is 8.94% and 9.90% in adults, and 28.73% in adolescents.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>ADHD is three times more frequent in adults and six times more frequent in adolescents than in the general population. Recommendations are provided to improve the quality of future studies and obtain more reliable estimates of prevalence.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":216,"journal":{"name":"Obesity Reviews","volume":"25 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/obr.13802","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141746976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The most optimal school recruitment strategies for school-based obesity prevention and health promotion research in the United States: A systematic review with Delphi study","authors":"Aliye B. Cepni,&nbsp;Reshma Vilson,&nbsp;Rachel R. Helbing,&nbsp;David W. Walsh,&nbsp;Craig A. Johnston,&nbsp;Cynthia Y. Yoon,&nbsp;Sheryl O. Hughes,&nbsp;Tracey A. Ledoux","doi":"10.1111/obr.13808","DOIUrl":"10.1111/obr.13808","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This systematic review with the Delphi study aimed to identify effective and resource-efficient (optimal) strategies for recruiting schools into health promotion interventions in the United States. A literature search was conducted in PubMed, Cochrane Library, and CINAHL (EBSCO). A total of 116 interventions reported in 160 articles were included. Most school-based interventions did not report data regarding school recruitment duration (81%), target school size (63%), and school recruitment strategies (78%). Further, no details were provided regarding the reasons for declining to participate despite being eligible. For the Delphi, responses from 23 researchers in school-based clinical trials were collected. A qualitative descriptive approach was used for coding responses and collapsed into higher-order categories based on school recruitment strategies. Delphi participants reported that (1) creating new or leveraging pre-existing partnerships, (2) intervention champion, (3) minimal school disruptions, (4) working with open mind/flexibility, and (5) transparent communication are the most optimal school recruitment strategies. Staff time and travel were the most frequently reported costs for implementing those strategies. The overall trend in school-based obesity prevention intervention studies illustrates the importance of a better understanding school recruitment. Improved reporting can allow researchers to budget their time and resources better and provide greater confidence in reaching their target school size.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":216,"journal":{"name":"Obesity Reviews","volume":"25 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141730862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}