Obesity Reviews最新文献

{"title":"Interpersonal determinants of diet quality and eating behaviors in people aged 13–30 years: A systematic scoping review","authors":"Tanya Braune,&nbsp;Laura Kudlek,&nbsp;Christina Xiao,&nbsp;Hao Tang,&nbsp;Élisabeth Demers-Potvin,&nbsp;Holly A. Harris,&nbsp;Erin Fitzsimons-West,&nbsp;Jean Adams,&nbsp;Eleanor M. Winpenny","doi":"10.1111/obr.13835","DOIUrl":"10.1111/obr.13835","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Adolescence is an important period of increasing independence, when adolescents experience changing influences of family and friends on their diets as they transition into adulthood. We conducted a scoping review to map the literature on interpersonal determinants of diet quality and eating behaviors among individuals aged 13–30 years. We searched seven literature databases, and following screening, 329 papers were included. Determinants were grouped according to sub-categories of the Determinants of Nutrition and Eating framework: family structure (<i>n</i> = 122), social influences (<i>n</i> = 121), parental behaviors (<i>n</i> = 90), family food culture (<i>n</i> = 83), social support (<i>n</i> = 69), parental feeding styles (<i>n</i> = 24), parental attitudes/beliefs (<i>n</i> = 8), and parental resources/risk factors (<i>n</i> = 6), and we added two new sub-categories: parenting style (<i>n</i> = 74) and partner behaviors (<i>n</i> = 6). Fruit/vegetable (<i>n</i> = 143) and sugar-sweetened beverage (<i>n</i> = 102) intake were the most commonly measured diet outcomes, and breakfast consumption (<i>n</i> = 41) and fast food/takeaway intake (<i>n</i> = 39) the most commonly examined eating behaviors. This review highlights the gaps in the literature, both across the determinant sub-categories and also the relative paucity of longitudinal evidence and lack of evidence in emerging adults, particularly outside of university settings. Future research should focus on these areas to provide stronger evidence to support better design of interventions for this age group.</p>","PeriodicalId":216,"journal":{"name":"Obesity Reviews","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/obr.13835","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142249410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interventions for the prevention of weight gain during festive and holiday periods in children and adults: A systematic review","authors":"Diego E. Guerrero-Magaña,&nbsp;Lucía G. Urquijo-Ruiz,&nbsp;Alma L. Ruelas-Yanes,&nbsp;Teresita de J. Martínez-Contreras,&nbsp;Rolando G. Díaz-Zavala,&nbsp;Maria del Carmen Candia-Plata,&nbsp;Julián Esparza-Romero,&nbsp;Michelle M. Haby","doi":"10.1111/obr.13836","DOIUrl":"10.1111/obr.13836","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Some periods during the year, such as festive and summer holiday periods, have been associated with weight gain. We aimed to assess the effect of interventions for the prevention of body weight gain during festive and holiday periods in children and adults. A systematic search was conducted in six databases and supplementary sources until January 4, 2023. We included randomized controlled trials (RCTs), cluster-RCTs, and non-RCTs. Our primary outcome measure was the change in body weight in adults or the change in BMI z-score or BMI percentile in children and adolescents. From 4216 records, 12 primary studies (from 22 reports) met the inclusion criteria—10 from the United States, one from the United Kingdom, and one from Chile. Two studies had a low risk of bias, two moderate, seven high, and one critical risk of bias. The meta-analysis in children included four of seven studies during the summer holidays (six interventions) and showed a mean difference in BMI z-score favoring the intervention group (−0.06 [95% CI −0.10, −0.01], <i>p</i> = 0.01, <i>I</i>² = 0%, very low certainty evidence). The meta-analysis in adults included five studies during festive periods with a mean difference in weight favoring the intervention group (−0.99 kg [95% CI −2.15, 0.18], <i>p</i> = 0.10, <i>I</i>² = 89%, very low certainty evidence). This review has highlighted potential interventions to prevent the increase in body weight during holiday periods. More work is needed to improve the quality of the evidence and to extend it to countries outside of the United States and United Kingdom and to the adolescent population.</p>","PeriodicalId":216,"journal":{"name":"Obesity Reviews","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/obr.13836","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142249381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating the efficacy of intermittent fasting and exercise combinations for weight loss: A network meta-analysis","authors":"Xiaoyan Cheng,&nbsp;Shunli Sun,&nbsp;Maolin Chen,&nbsp;Xinyou Zhou,&nbsp;Mingxin Rao,&nbsp;Dongjuan Guo,&nbsp;Jinfeng Xie,&nbsp;Qiang Huang,&nbsp;Liqiang Su","doi":"10.1111/obr.13834","DOIUrl":"10.1111/obr.13834","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The purpose of this study is to utilize network meta-analysis (NMA) to synthesize relevant randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and evaluate the most effective intermittent fasting (IF) combined with exercise interventions for weight loss.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study searched five databases up until April 2024, obtaining RCTs that investigated the effects of intermittent fasting (IF) combined with exercise. The quality of the literature was assessed using the Cochrane tool, followed by a random-effects statistical analysis of each intervention. Eventually, a NMA was conducted to compare the effectiveness of each intervention on weight loss, thereby determining their combined effectiveness on reducing weight.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A total of nine trials, comparing 12 interventions involving 570 participants, were included. All interventions significantly reduced body weight (BW) and fat mass (FM) compared to the control (CON) group. In terms of BW reduction, the alternate-day fasting + moderate-intensity continuous training (ADF + MICT) intervention had the highest surface under the cumulative ranking curve average (SUCRA) score 88.1(MD: −4.44,95% CI −5.95, −2.92). Furthermore, for improving FM, the ADF + MICT intervention also had the highest SUCRA score 92.7(MD: −3.65,95% CI −5.05, −2.25), making it the optimal intervention for improving FM.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The NMA results indicate that all interventions are effective in reducing weight. Among them, ADF + MICT is the most effective strategy for reducing BW, and it is also the best approach for improving FM.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":216,"journal":{"name":"Obesity Reviews","volume":"25 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142249411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The vices and virtues of medical models of obesity","authors":"Jonathan Sholl,&nbsp;Andreas De Block","doi":"10.1111/obr.13828","DOIUrl":"10.1111/obr.13828","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Despite numerous public health organizations supporting the pathologization of obesity and considering recent obesity rates a health crisis, many researchers in the humanities, social sciences, and even in the health sciences remain unconvinced. In this paper, we address a set of arguments coming from these academic fields that criticize medical models of obesity for their supposedly flawed diagnostic categories that shift focus onto individuals and support moralizing judgements. Clarifying some key claims in these models and explicating the view of obesity in terms of energy dysregulation, we aim to tease apart misunderstandings and argue that not only do these models not say what they are often accused of saying, but their apparent vices may actually be virtues in helping to combat stigma. Building on the social psychology of stigma and disease labeling, we then suggest that current medical models are largely supportive of many moral and political aims promoted by critics of these models.</p>","PeriodicalId":216,"journal":{"name":"Obesity Reviews","volume":"25 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/obr.13828","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142219336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effects of acute exercise on food intake and appetite in adolescents with and without obesity: A systematic review and meta-analysis","authors":"Halim Moore,&nbsp;Julie Siroux,&nbsp;Raquel Sevilla-Lorente,&nbsp;Wagner Luiz Prado,&nbsp;Ana Raimunda Damaso,&nbsp;Bruno Pereira,&nbsp;David Thivel","doi":"10.1111/obr.13832","DOIUrl":"10.1111/obr.13832","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This systematic review and meta-analysis synthesized evidence pertaining to consummatory and appetitive responses to acute exercise in children and adolescents with and without obesity (5–18 years). Articles reporting on supervised, controlled trials of any modality, duration, or intensity with laboratory-measured food intake were found using MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane up to July 2023. Differences between conditions in laboratory energy and macronutrient intake, appetite sensations, and food reward were quantitatively synthesized using random-effects meta-analyses. Thirty-five studies were eligible for the systematic review of energy intake, consisting of 60 distinct intervention arms with lean (<i>n</i> = 374) and overweight/obesity participants (<i>n</i> = 325; <i>k</i> = 51 eligible for meta-analysis). Study quality as indicated by the Effective Public Healthy Practice Project tool was rated as low and moderate risk of bias for 80% and 20% of studies, respectively. Acute exercise had no significant effect on energy intake during an ad libitum test meal (mean difference [MD] = −4.52 [−30.58, 21.54] kcal, <i>p</i> = .729). Whilst absolute carbohydrate intake was lower after exercise (23 arms; MD = −6.08 [−11.26, −0.91] g, <i>p</i> = .023), the proportion of carbohydrate was not (30 arms; MD = −0.62 [−3.36, 2.12] %, <i>p</i> = .647). A small elevation in hunger (27 arms; MD = 4.56 [0.75, 8.37] mm, <i>p</i> = .021) and prospective food consumption (27 arms; PFC; MD = 5.71 [1.62, 9.80] mm, <i>p</i> = .008) was observed post-exercise, but not immediately prior to the test meal (Interval: <i>Mdn</i> = 30 min, Range = 0–180). Conversely, a modest decrease in explicit wanting for high-fat foods was evident after exercise (10 arms; MD = −2.22 [−3.96, −0.47] mm, <i>p</i> = .019). Exercise intensity (<i>p</i> = .033) and duration (<i>p</i> = .013) moderated food intake only in youth with overweight/obesity, indicating lower intake at high intensity and short duration. Overall, acute exercise does not lead to compensation of energy intake or a meaningful elevation of appetite or food reward and might have a modest benefit in youth with overweight/obesity if sufficiently intense. However, conclusions are limited by substantial methodological heterogeneity and the small number of trials employing high-intensity exercise, especially in youth with overweight/obesity.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":216,"journal":{"name":"Obesity Reviews","volume":"25 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142249412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Show me the evidence to guide nutrition practice: Scoping review of macronutrient dietary treatments after metabolic and bariatric surgery","authors":"Julie M. Parrott,&nbsp;Sue Benson-Davies,&nbsp;Mary O'Kane,&nbsp;Shiri Sherf-Dagan,&nbsp;Tair Ben-Porat,&nbsp;Violeta Moizé Arcone,&nbsp;Silvia Leite Faria,&nbsp;J. Scott Parrott","doi":"10.1111/obr.13831","DOIUrl":"10.1111/obr.13831","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Clinical practice recommendations for macronutrient intake in Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery (MBS) are insufficiently grounded in the research, possibly due to a paucity of research in key areas necessary to support macronutrient recommendations. An initial scoping review, prior to any systematic review, was determined to be vital.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To identify topical areas in macronutrients and MBS with a sufficient evidence base to guide nutrition recommendations.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>PubMed, Cochrane, Ovid Medline, and Embase were initially searched in January 2019 (updated November 1, 2023) with terms encompassing current bariatric surgeries and macronutrients. Out of 757 records identified, 98 were included. A template was created. Five types of outcomes were identified for extraction: dietary intake, anthropometrics, adverse symptoms, health, and metabolic outcomes. All stages of screening and extraction were conducted independently by at least two authors and disagreements were resolved via team discussion. Macronutrient-related dietary treatments were classified as either innovative or standard of care. Descriptions of dietary arms were extracted in detail for a qualitatively generated typology of dietary or nutritional treatments. Heatmaps (treatments by outcomes) were produced to identify promising topics for further systematic analyses.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We identified protein supplementation and “food-focused” (e.g., portion-controlled meals, particular foods in the diet, etc.) topical areas in MBS nutrition care with potentially sufficient evidence to create specific MBS Macronutrients guidelines and identified topical areas with little research.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Clinical practice regarding macronutrient intake remains guided by consensus and indirect evidence. We detail ways that leadership at the profession level may remedy this.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":216,"journal":{"name":"Obesity Reviews","volume":"25 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/obr.13831","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142219337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The change in food service costs associated with increasing the healthiness of ready-to-eat food provision: A systematic scoping review","authors":"Shaan S. Naughton,&nbsp;Moosa al Subhi,&nbsp;Tara Boelsen-Robinson,&nbsp;Miranda R. Blake,&nbsp;Jaithri Ananthapavan,&nbsp;Anna Peeters","doi":"10.1111/obr.13830","DOIUrl":"10.1111/obr.13830","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Increasing the healthiness of food retail environments is an identified mechanism to help halt rising rates of diet-related non-communicable diseases. Previous studies on healthy food environment adoption report that retailers' perceptions of loss of profitability and higher food costs are often barriers to change. Despite this, actual changes to profitability and food costs have not been fully explored. This study aimed to systematically scope the evidence relating to changes to food costs or profitability when changes are made to increase the healthiness of food and drinks sold by food service retailers. Nine databases were searched, with studies included from settings that sold ready-to-consume items, with interventions to increase the healthiness of menus, and reporting food environment/nutrition outcomes, and cost/profit outcomes. Of the 12 studies included, the majority were conducted in the United States and in school settings. Most studies indicated that increasing the healthiness of food service retail environments resulted in neutral or favorable financial outcomes. Food costs and/or profit changes were most often monitored via simple accounting measures. While further research is needed to strengthen the evidence on financial outcomes of healthier food provision, this review indicates that some perceived barriers to change may not be warranted.</p>","PeriodicalId":216,"journal":{"name":"Obesity Reviews","volume":"25 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/obr.13830","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142219339","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Addressing disparities: A systematic review of digital health equity for adolescent obesity prevention and management interventions","authors":"Stephanie R. Partridge,&nbsp;Amber Knight,&nbsp;Allyson Todd,&nbsp;Bronwyn McGill,&nbsp;Sara Wardak,&nbsp;Laura Alston,&nbsp;Katherine M. Livingstone,&nbsp;Anna Singleton,&nbsp;Louise Thornton,&nbsp;Sisi Jia,&nbsp;Julie Redfern,&nbsp;Rebecca Raeside","doi":"10.1111/obr.13821","DOIUrl":"10.1111/obr.13821","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Adolescence is a high-risk life stage for obesity. Digital strategies are needed to prevent and manage obesity among adolescents. We assessed if digital health interventions are contributing to disparities in obesity outcomes and assessed the adequacy of reporting of digital health equity criteria across four levels of influence within the digital environment. The systematic search was conducted on 10 major electronic databases and limited to randomized controlled trials (RCTs) or cluster-RCTs for prevention or management of obesity among 10–19 year olds. Primary outcome was mean body mass index (BMI), or BMI <i>z</i>-score change. The Adapted Digital Health Equity Assessment Framework was applied to all studies. Thirty-three articles (27 unique studies with 8483 participants) were identified, with only eight studies targeting adolescents from disadvantaged populations. Post-intervention, only three studies reported significantly lower BMI outcomes in the intervention compared to control. Of the 432 digital health equity criteria assessed across 27 studies, 82% of criteria were “not addressed.” Studies are not addressing digital health equity criteria or inadequately reporting information to assess if digital health interventions are contributing to disparities in obesity outcomes. Enhanced reporting is needed to inform decision-makers and support the development of equitable interventions to prevent and manage obesity among adolescents.</p>","PeriodicalId":216,"journal":{"name":"Obesity Reviews","volume":"25 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/obr.13821","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142219338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integration of observational and causal evidence for the association between adiposity and 17 gastrointestinal outcomes: An umbrella review and meta-analysis","authors":"Min Seo Kim,&nbsp;Inhyeok Lee,&nbsp;Pradeep Natarajan,&nbsp;Ron Do,&nbsp;Yeongkeun Kwon,&nbsp;Jae Il Shin,&nbsp;Marco Solmi,&nbsp;Jong Yeob Kim,&nbsp;Hong-Hee Won,&nbsp;Sungsoo Park","doi":"10.1111/obr.13823","DOIUrl":"10.1111/obr.13823","url":null,"abstract":"<p>We systematically reviewed observational and Mendelian randomization (MR) articles that evaluated the association between obesity and 17 gastrointestinal (GI) diseases to integrate causal and observational evidence. A total of 594 observational studies from 26 systematic reviews and meta-analyses and nine MR articles were included. For every 5 kg/m² increase in body mass index (BMI), there was an increased risk of GI diseases ranging from 2% for rectal cancer (relative risk [RR]: 1.02, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.01 to 1.03) to 63% for gallbladder disease (RR: 1.63, 95% CI: 1.50 to 1.77). MR articles indicated that risks of developing GI diseases elevated with each 1 standard deviation increase in genetically predicted BMI, ranging from 11% for Crohn's disease to 189% for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Moreover, upper GI conditions were less susceptible, whereas hepatobiliary organs were more vulnerable to increased adiposity. Among the associations between obesity and the 17 GI conditions, causal relationships were inferred from only approximately half (10/17, 59%). This study reveals a substantial gap between observational and causal evidence, indicating that a combined approach is necessary to effectively inform public health policies and guide epidemiological research on obesity and GI diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":216,"journal":{"name":"Obesity Reviews","volume":"25 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/obr.13823","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142131387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the complex link between obesity and intelligence: Evidence from systematic review, updated meta-analysis, and Mendelian randomization","authors":"Seo Young Yun,&nbsp;Joo Young Yun,&nbsp;Chaeseong Lim,&nbsp;Hyeoncheol Oh,&nbsp;Eunjeong Son,&nbsp;Kihyuk Shin,&nbsp;Kihun Kim,&nbsp;Dai Sik Ko,&nbsp;Yun Hak Kim","doi":"10.1111/obr.13827","DOIUrl":"10.1111/obr.13827","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Obesity is a major public health concern associated with a higher risk of various comorbidities. Some studies have explored the impact of obesity on cognitive function and, conversely, how lower intelligence might increase the risk of later obesity. The aim of this study is to analyze a complex relationship between body mass index (BMI) and intelligence quotient (IQ), employing a comprehensive approach, including a systematic review, meta-analysis, and Mendelian randomization (MR). We extracted the data from Medline and Embase to identify relevant studies published since June 22, 2009. MR analysis relied on genetic databases such as the Genome-Wide Association Study (GWAS) and the Genetic Investigation of Anthropometric Traits (GIANT) to explore potential causal relationships. The systematic review and meta-analysis encompassed 34 and 17 studies, respectively. They revealed a substantial correlation between obesity and reduced IQ, particularly notable among school-age children (mean difference −5.26; 95% CI: −7.44 to −3.09). Notably, within the IQ subgroup, verbal IQ also exhibited a significant association with a mean difference of −7.73 (95% CI: −14.70 to −0.77) in school-age children. In contrast, the MR did not unveil a significant causal relationship between BMI and IQ, both in childhood and adulthood. This comprehensive analysis underscores a significant correlation between BMI and IQ, particularly in school-age children. However, the MR analysis implies a potentially weaker causal relationship. Future large-scale cohort studies should address potential confounding factors to provide further insights into the BMI-IQ relationship.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":216,"journal":{"name":"Obesity Reviews","volume":"25 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142124380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}