Obesity Reviews最新文献

{"title":"Perfectionism in Overweight and Obesity: A Scoping Review","authors":"Chantal P. Delaquis,&nbsp;Yasmin Brown,&nbsp;Dean Spirou,&nbsp;Ruby Matthews,&nbsp;Jayanthi Raman,&nbsp;Sylvie Berthoz","doi":"10.1111/obr.70162","DOIUrl":"10.1111/obr.70162","url":null,"abstract":"<p>People with a high body mass index (BMI) experience high rates of disordered eating behaviors (DEB) and eating disorders (ED). Perfectionism has been identified as a transdiagnostic mechanism across EDs; however, it is unclear whether it can be considered a transdiagnostic, trans-BMI mechanism that should be evaluated and targeted in interventions for overweight/obesity. Further, as perfectionism is generally considered to be a multidimensional construct, it is unknown whether certain dimensions may be associated with higher BMI. The present review synthesizes 80 studies that investigated perfectionism in people with overweight/obesity following PRISMA guidelines. Fifty of the included studies investigated clinical samples, and 30 investigated nonclinical samples. The overall mean BMI was 30.38 (SD = 6.13). Although the majority of studies found no direct relationship between perfectionism and BMI, perfectionism appears to be associated with DEB, indicating its potential transdiagnostic relevance. Further, dimensions of perfectionism such as concern over mistakes were linked to eating pathology across weight categories. Our review highlights the need for a consensus on the definition and assessment of multidimensional perfectionism, the lack of qualitative research, and the need to consider the impact of perfectionism on the lived experiences of people with a high BMI.</p>","PeriodicalId":216,"journal":{"name":"Obesity Reviews","volume":"27 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2026-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/obr.70162","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147979700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction to “Abstracts of the International Congress on Obesity 2026”","authors":"","doi":"10.1111/obr.70241","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/obr.70241","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;Abstracts of the International Congress on Obesity 2026. &lt;i&gt;Obesity Reviews&lt;/i&gt;. 2026; 27:S1, https://doi.org/10.1111/obr.70191; https://doi.org/10.1111/obr.70192.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The following abstracts should have appeared in the abstracts issue listed above but were inadvertently omitted. These are now included below.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Oral Presentation&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Relationship Between Body Composition Relationship Between Body Composition&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Luz Urquieta, Oralando, Ibarra-Ocampo, Juan Alejandro Calderas-Pérez, Andrea, Sánchez-Medel, Lorena del Rocío Ibarra-Reynoso, Claudia Luévano-Contreras&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;i&gt;University of Guanajuato Mexico&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;𝗕𝗮𝗰𝗸𝗴𝗿𝗼𝘂𝗻𝗱:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Postprandial hypertriglyceridemia, body adiposity, and sedentary behavior are factors associated with metabolic alterations that may be present from a young age, even in the absence of clinical obesity. Therefore, their combined assessment is important from a preventive standpoint.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;𝗠𝗲𝘁𝗵𝗼𝗱𝘀:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;An observational cross-sectional study was conducted with a sample of 40 young adults. Participants underwent an oral fat tolerance test (OFTT), during which triglyceride levels were measured in a fasting state and at 2, 4, and 6 hours postprandially. Postprandial hypertriglyceridemia was defined as triglyceride concentrations exceeding 220 mg/dL at any measured time point. Body composition was assessed using bioelectrical impedance analysis, which provided measurements of total fat mass and visceral fat area. Physical activity levels and sedentary behavior were evaluated using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). Group comparisons based on hypertriglyceridemia, physical activity level, and sedentary behavior were performed using the Student’s t-test or Mann–Whitney U test, as appropriate.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;𝗥𝗲𝘀𝘂𝗹𝘁𝘀:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Individuals exhibiting postprandial hypertriglyceridemia demonstrated increased total and visceral adiposity (95.91± 28.60 cm2) versus indivuduals without this condition (74.38 ± 28.29 cm2) (p&lt;0.05). In terms of lifestyle factors, participants engaging in low-to-moderate physical activity exhibited a significantly greater visceral fat area (93.81 ± 30.03 cm2) compared to those with high physical activity levels (68.77 ± 24.23 cm2); (p&lt;0.01). Similarly, individuals with elevated sedentary behavior showed increased visceral adiposity and a reduced lean mass percentage (91.54 ± 28.57 cm2, 67.53 ± 6.88%) relative to those with lower sedentary time (68.8 ± 27.26 cm2, 72.81 ± 7.52%) (p&lt;0.05). Across all comparisons, the visceral fat area consistently distinguished metabolically unfavorable profiles.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;𝗖𝗼𝗻𝗰𝗹𝘂𝘀𝗶𝗼𝗻:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;This study identifies that individuals with postprandial hypertriglyceridemia, reduced physical activity, and elevated sedentary behavior exhibit significantly higher levels of total and visceral adiposity compared to those without these conditions. The visceral fat area has been recognized as a comprehensive marker ","PeriodicalId":216,"journal":{"name":"Obesity Reviews","volume":"27 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2026-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/obr.70241","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149369395","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Association of Sarcopenic Obesity With Respiratory Function Outcomes in Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","authors":"Tasneem Baabbad,&nbsp;Magaly Aceves-Martins,&nbsp;Graham Horgan,&nbsp;Phyo Kyaw Myint,&nbsp;Baukje de Roos","doi":"10.1111/obr.70157","DOIUrl":"10.1111/obr.70157","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Sarcopenic obesity has been associated with various health conditions and mortality. Our objective was to systematically review and estimate the association between sarcopenic obesity and respiratory function outcomes. We searched EMBASE, MEDLINE, and Google Scholar for observational studies involving adults (≥ 18 years), defined sarcopenic obesity, and assessed respiratory outcomes in those with and without sarcopenic obesity. A random-effects meta-analysis was conducted for the outcomes of forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1), and the ratio of forced expiratory volume in 1 s to forced vital capacity (FEV₁/FVC). Seven papers representing 173,677 participants were included. The risk of bias assessment using the JBI Critical Appraisal Checklist revealed that all studies had a low risk of bias. The meta-analysis included data from five studies, revealing a significant association between sarcopenic obesity and lower FVC (in L) (−0.77; 95% CI, −1.27, −0.26) and FEV1 (in L) (−0.84; 95% CI, −1.26, −0.42), both with high heterogeneity (<i>I</i>² = 94%). Sarcopenic obesity was significantly associated with respiratory function outcome (FEV1) when obesity was assessed using fat mass % (−1.14; 95% CI, −1.21, −1.06), but not when using the body mass index (BMI). In conclusion, sarcopenic obesity was significantly associated with poorer respiratory function outcomes. Assessment of respiratory function may be desirable in those with sarcopenic obesity, especially in high-risk populations such as older adults.</p>","PeriodicalId":216,"journal":{"name":"Obesity Reviews","volume":"27 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2026-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/obr.70157","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147830990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Is Hepatic Cannabinoid 1 Receptor a Key Driver of Obesity? Implications of the Weight-Reducing Efficacy of the Hepatotropic Inverse Agonist TM38837","authors":"Martin E. Cooper","doi":"10.1111/obr.70166","DOIUrl":"10.1111/obr.70166","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Although an attractive approach for treating obesity-related pathologies, the development of peripherally restricted cannabinoid 1 receptor inhibitors has thus far failed to deliver drugs with clinically validated efficacy and safety margins over central nervous system (CNS)–related side effects. Challenges and frequently occurring misleading assumptions with this strategy are discussed. However, the recently reported peripherally restricted hepatotropic cannabinoid 1 receptor inverse agonist TM38837 is noteworthy due to the substantial weight loss efficacy in DIO rodents coupled with minimal CNS exposure, which suggests that such a chemotype may have clinical utility. Furthermore, hepatic cannabinoid 1 receptor upregulation is implicated as a major driver of the obese phenotype in rodents, which opposes current theories based upon experiments with genetically modified mice. Accordingly, a novel hypothesis is proposed, which implicates cannabinoid 1 receptor upregulation as a mediator of cell cycle progression, which drives lipid synthesis during the mitosis phase. The upregulation is initiated by increasing redox state and amplified by a feed-forward effect whereby cannabinoid 1 receptor activation induces cannabinoid 1 receptor upregulation by increasing expression of pro-oxidant enzymes. This mechanism is activated prematurely in the cell cycle by lifestyle factors, which are known to cause oxidative stress in hepatocytes and are associated with the development of obesity. The consequence of such aberrant cannabinoid 1 receptor upregulation is sustained lipogenesis, leading to reduced cellular ATP levels, which drive increased food intake and contribute to other pathologies.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":216,"journal":{"name":"Obesity Reviews","volume":"27 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2026-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147939432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Associations Between Weight Status and Mental Well-Being in Childhood and Adolescence: A Systematic Review of Longitudinal Studies","authors":"Stine Schramm,&nbsp;Iben Rask Heuck,&nbsp;Nina Rica Wium Geiker,&nbsp;Cathrine Lawaetz Wimmelmann","doi":"10.1111/obr.70169","DOIUrl":"10.1111/obr.70169","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Obesity and poor mental well-being in childhood and adolescence are growing public health concerns with potential implications for a broad range of life outcomes. Understanding the longitudinal and potentially bidirectional relationship between weight status and mental well-being is crucial for developing effective interventions to support children and adolescents.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This systematic review synthesizes evidence on the bidirectional relationship between weight status and indicators of mental well-being over time. Peer-reviewed studies published up to January 10, 2025 were identified through searches in PubMed, PsycINFO, Scopus, and Web of Science. Eligible studies included longitudinal designs assessing weight status and mental well-being in populations up to age 18 years. The Joanna Briggs Instrument assessed the risk of bias, and the findings were narratively summarized.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The review included 33 longitudinal studies conducted between 1994 and 2022. We found that higher childhood weight was associated with subsequent low mental well-being, and an indication that poor mental well-being was associated with subsequent higher weight. However, there was a scarcity of longitudinal studies exploring the influence of mental well-being on subsequent weight status. Large heterogeneity in design and methods was found across the included studies.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Findings indicated a bidirectional association between weight status and mental well-being, with stronger evidence supporting the impact of weight status on mental well-being than vice versa. Future research should prioritize longitudinal designs to better understand the influence of mental well-being on later weight development and explore underlying mechanisms.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":216,"journal":{"name":"Obesity Reviews","volume":"27 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2026-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/obr.70169","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148209542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Epidemiology of Obesity During Pregnancy in Europe: A Systematic Review","authors":"Peter Naughton,&nbsp;Margaret M. Brennan,&nbsp;Ellen Cosgrave,&nbsp;Michael J. Turner,&nbsp;Amy C. O'Higgins,&nbsp;Patricia M. Kearney,&nbsp;Claire M. Buckley","doi":"10.1111/obr.70168","DOIUrl":"10.1111/obr.70168","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Maternal obesity represents an urgent public health challenge with serious maternal, neonatal, and health system implications. Characterizing levels of obesity during pregnancy is necessary to guide future research, policy, and practice. This review summarizes existing data on maternal obesity prevalence across Europe.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Studies published between 2009 and 2023 that reported the prevalence of obesity during pregnancy were included. The primary outcome was to measure the prevalence of obesity during pregnancy. Secondary outcomes were assessing the method and timing of BMI ascertainment.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In total, 99 studies were included. Over three quarters of studies (<i>N</i> = 76, 76.7%) collected data from Swedish, United Kingdom, or Irish populations. Height was objectively assessed in 37 studies (37.4%) and weight in 53 studies (53.5%). The median obesity prevalence was 12.5% (IQR 4.4–20.6). In a subset of studies reporting prevalence by year, obesity ranged from 2.2% (1986) to 28.3% (2007) with a significant positive association of maternal obesity over time (τ = 0.64, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This review highlights consistent increases in obesity during pregnancy among European populations with significant implications for patients and health systems.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":216,"journal":{"name":"Obesity Reviews","volume":"27 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2026-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147939363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"National and International Clinical Guidelines for the Management of Obesity in Adults: A Systematic Review","authors":"Paul Doody,&nbsp;Ruth Martin,&nbsp;Barrie Tyner,&nbsp;Marie Carrigan,&nbsp;Celine Larkin,&nbsp;Michelle O'Neill,&nbsp;Susan M. Smith,&nbsp;Máirín Ryan","doi":"10.1111/obr.70163","DOIUrl":"10.1111/obr.70163","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Obesity is a leading risk factor for premature morbidity and mortality, and an increasing public health challenge. This review aimed to systematically identify and appraise national and international clinical guidelines for the management of obesity in adults. We systematically searched MEDLINE, CINAHL, Embase, and PsycINFO from 01/01/2019 to 06/01/2025. We conducted supplementary searches on websites of clinical guideline-producing organizations and other relevant institutional and evidence-based clinical resources. We included national and international guidelines on the management of obesity in adults aged ≥ 18 years that included recommendations on prespecified primary topics of interest, clearly stated the systematic approach and evidence base underpinning recommendations, and included a rating of the quality of evidence. The Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation (AGREE) II tool and appraisal using the mEaningful VOice in the design and deLiVery of care (EVOLVE) framework were employed by two reviewers independently. Data were extracted by one reviewer, checked by another, and narratively synthesized. We identified 10 eligible clinical guidelines. The mean overall AGREE II score was 4.9/7 (SD: 1.22). Patients were involved in highlighting preferences, panel membership, reviewing drafts, and consensus meetings in most guidelines, and formulating/prioritizing questions, priority setting, and dissemination in a minority. The 2025 National Institute of Health and Care Excellence guideline on “Overweight and Obesity Management” displayed the most extensive scope and highest overall AGREE II score (7/7). This review will inform adaptation, as part of an ADAPTE process, for a prioritized National Clinical Guideline on the management of obesity in adults in Ireland.</p>","PeriodicalId":216,"journal":{"name":"Obesity Reviews","volume":"27 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2026-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/obr.70163","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147985778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improved Glucagon Sensitivity Following Weight Loss: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","authors":"Hye-Rin Charlotte Kim,&nbsp;Lima Hamidi,&nbsp;Anne Majumdar,&nbsp;Matyas Fehervari,&nbsp;Emma Rose McGlone","doi":"10.1111/obr.70167","DOIUrl":"10.1111/obr.70167","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This systematic review and meta-analysis investigated the effect of weight loss in people with obesity on two biomarkers of glucagon resistance: fasting plasma glucagon and alanine.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A comprehensive search was conducted in Medline and Embase. Random-effects meta-analyses and correlation analyses were performed. Risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane RoB 2 and MINORS tools.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Forty-seven studies comprising 69 interventions and 2061 participants were included. Pooled mean weight loss was −18.23 kg (95% CI [−20.20, −16.27]). Both fasting glucagon and alanine decreased following weight loss: −4.05 pmol/L (95% CI [−4.50, −3.60]; <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001) and −17.9% (95% CI [−22.7, −13.1]; <i>p</i> &lt; 0.0001), respectively. Glucagon reduction occurred with all weight-loss intervention types: surgical −3.85 pmol/L (95% CI [−5.48, −2.22]; <i>p</i> &lt; 0.0001), dietary −2.87 pmol/L (95% CI [−4.20, −1.54]; <i>p</i> &lt; 0.0001), and pharmacological −5.32 pmol/L (95% CI [−9.85, −0.78]; <i>p</i> &lt; 0.0001). Greater weight loss correlated with larger reductions in fasting glucagon (Pearson <i>r</i> = 0.3255, <i>p</i> = 0.0064). Heterogeneity was high, and overall risk of bias was moderate.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Weight loss is associated with significant reductions in fasting glucagon and alanine concentrations, suggesting improved hepatic glucagon sensitivity and partial restoration of the liver–α-cell axis.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":216,"journal":{"name":"Obesity Reviews","volume":"27 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2026-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/obr.70167","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147968963","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Co-Benefits of Nutrition Interventions: A Systematic Review","authors":"Phuong Nguyen,&nbsp;Siti Khadijah binti Mohamad Asfia,&nbsp;Vicki Brown,&nbsp;Nicole Ward,&nbsp;Moosa AlSubhi,&nbsp;Marufa Sultana,&nbsp;Lennert Veerman,&nbsp;Andrew Milat,&nbsp;Belen Zapata-Diomedi,&nbsp;Jaithri Ananthapavan","doi":"10.1111/obr.70159","DOIUrl":"10.1111/obr.70159","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Nutrition interventions aim to improve dietary quality and enhance health. They can also result in broader co-benefits, including social, educational, and environmental outcomes. However, these co-benefits remain under-quantified. This review examined quantified non-health outcomes of nutrition-related policies, programs, and interventions.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Following PRISMA guidelines, five databases (Medline Complete, Global Health, Environment Complete, SocINDEX, and Embase) were searched for studies published between January 2012 and September 2025. Search terms targeted co-benefits and nutrition or food systems initiatives with a nutrition component. Non-health outcomes were categorized into social, educational, and environmental domains. Risk of bias was assessed using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Twenty studies evaluating 15 interventions were included. Educational co-benefits were most commonly reported (<i>n</i> = 10), followed by social (<i>n</i> = 8) and environmental (<i>n</i> = 4). Three studies reported co-benefits across multiple domains. Multicomponent interventions consistently showed positive educational and social impacts, though diverse measurement tools limited comparability. Environmental outcomes, notably reductions in greenhouse gas emissions, were consistently significant.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Quantifying co-benefits highlights the broader societal value of nutrition initiatives. Standardized outcome measures are essential to advance understanding of these impacts and inform comprehensive policy development.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":216,"journal":{"name":"Obesity Reviews","volume":"27 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2026-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/obr.70159","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147872549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Causal Role of Adiposity in Mental Illness: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Mendelian Randomization Studies","authors":"Min Gao,&nbsp;Paul J. Doody,&nbsp;Dimitrios A. Koutoukidis,&nbsp;Yebo Yu,&nbsp;Paul Aveyard,&nbsp;Richard Stevens,&nbsp;Padraig C. Dixon","doi":"10.1111/obr.70156","DOIUrl":"10.1111/obr.70156","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study aimed to examine the causal effect of adiposity on mental illnesses by summarizing and assessing evidence from Mendelian randomization (MR) studies.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Method</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Searches were conducted on Embase, Medline, and Web of Science from database inception to September 22nd, 2025. Studies using MR study designs that estimated adiposity measures including body mass index, abdominal adiposity, peripheral adiposity, or body composition in relation to mental illnesses were included. Outcomes were the presence or severity of depression, anxiety, eating disorders, bipolar disorder, obsessive compulsive disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder, schizophrenia, and related psychotic disorders. Study quality was assessed with a scoring system reflecting MR study guidelines. Data were pooled in meta-analyses using random-effects models. Subgroup analyses were conducted by sex.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Fifty-seven studies with 215 MR estimates were included in the systematic review, and 23 studies with 44 MR estimates were included in meta-analyses. Pooled estimates suggested that general adiposity was causally associated with depression (OR: 1.09, 95% CI, 1.02–1.15, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001; <i>I</i>² = 94%), but the effect size was modest and there was high heterogeneity. Subgroup differences by sex in the causal relationship were not observed (<i>p</i> = 0.318). There was suggestive evidence for causal associations of adiposity with schizophrenia and OCD; however, these analyses were characterized by high imprecision and heterogeneity. The evidence for other mental illnesses remains unclear.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion and Relevance</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>General adiposity appears to be causally associated with depression, suggesting psychological benefits of weight management. Evidence for causal associations between adiposity and other mental illnesses remains suggestive or uncertain.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":216,"journal":{"name":"Obesity Reviews","volume":"27 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2026-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/obr.70156","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147969067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}