Obesity Reviews最新文献

{"title":"The effects of acute exercise on food intake and appetite in adolescents with and without obesity: A systematic review and meta-analysis","authors":"Halim Moore,&nbsp;Julie Siroux,&nbsp;Raquel Sevilla-Lorente,&nbsp;Wagner Luiz Prado,&nbsp;Ana Raimunda Damaso,&nbsp;Bruno Pereira,&nbsp;David Thivel","doi":"10.1111/obr.13832","DOIUrl":"10.1111/obr.13832","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This systematic review and meta-analysis synthesized evidence pertaining to consummatory and appetitive responses to acute exercise in children and adolescents with and without obesity (5–18 years). Articles reporting on supervised, controlled trials of any modality, duration, or intensity with laboratory-measured food intake were found using MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane up to July 2023. Differences between conditions in laboratory energy and macronutrient intake, appetite sensations, and food reward were quantitatively synthesized using random-effects meta-analyses. Thirty-five studies were eligible for the systematic review of energy intake, consisting of 60 distinct intervention arms with lean (<i>n</i> = 374) and overweight/obesity participants (<i>n</i> = 325; <i>k</i> = 51 eligible for meta-analysis). Study quality as indicated by the Effective Public Healthy Practice Project tool was rated as low and moderate risk of bias for 80% and 20% of studies, respectively. Acute exercise had no significant effect on energy intake during an ad libitum test meal (mean difference [MD] = −4.52 [−30.58, 21.54] kcal, <i>p</i> = .729). Whilst absolute carbohydrate intake was lower after exercise (23 arms; MD = −6.08 [−11.26, −0.91] g, <i>p</i> = .023), the proportion of carbohydrate was not (30 arms; MD = −0.62 [−3.36, 2.12] %, <i>p</i> = .647). A small elevation in hunger (27 arms; MD = 4.56 [0.75, 8.37] mm, <i>p</i> = .021) and prospective food consumption (27 arms; PFC; MD = 5.71 [1.62, 9.80] mm, <i>p</i> = .008) was observed post-exercise, but not immediately prior to the test meal (Interval: <i>Mdn</i> = 30 min, Range = 0–180). Conversely, a modest decrease in explicit wanting for high-fat foods was evident after exercise (10 arms; MD = −2.22 [−3.96, −0.47] mm, <i>p</i> = .019). Exercise intensity (<i>p</i> = .033) and duration (<i>p</i> = .013) moderated food intake only in youth with overweight/obesity, indicating lower intake at high intensity and short duration. Overall, acute exercise does not lead to compensation of energy intake or a meaningful elevation of appetite or food reward and might have a modest benefit in youth with overweight/obesity if sufficiently intense. However, conclusions are limited by substantial methodological heterogeneity and the small number of trials employing high-intensity exercise, especially in youth with overweight/obesity.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":216,"journal":{"name":"Obesity Reviews","volume":"25 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142249412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Show me the evidence to guide nutrition practice: Scoping review of macronutrient dietary treatments after metabolic and bariatric surgery","authors":"Julie M. Parrott,&nbsp;Sue Benson-Davies,&nbsp;Mary O'Kane,&nbsp;Shiri Sherf-Dagan,&nbsp;Tair Ben-Porat,&nbsp;Violeta Moizé Arcone,&nbsp;Silvia Leite Faria,&nbsp;J. Scott Parrott","doi":"10.1111/obr.13831","DOIUrl":"10.1111/obr.13831","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Clinical practice recommendations for macronutrient intake in Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery (MBS) are insufficiently grounded in the research, possibly due to a paucity of research in key areas necessary to support macronutrient recommendations. An initial scoping review, prior to any systematic review, was determined to be vital.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To identify topical areas in macronutrients and MBS with a sufficient evidence base to guide nutrition recommendations.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>PubMed, Cochrane, Ovid Medline, and Embase were initially searched in January 2019 (updated November 1, 2023) with terms encompassing current bariatric surgeries and macronutrients. Out of 757 records identified, 98 were included. A template was created. Five types of outcomes were identified for extraction: dietary intake, anthropometrics, adverse symptoms, health, and metabolic outcomes. All stages of screening and extraction were conducted independently by at least two authors and disagreements were resolved via team discussion. Macronutrient-related dietary treatments were classified as either innovative or standard of care. Descriptions of dietary arms were extracted in detail for a qualitatively generated typology of dietary or nutritional treatments. Heatmaps (treatments by outcomes) were produced to identify promising topics for further systematic analyses.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We identified protein supplementation and “food-focused” (e.g., portion-controlled meals, particular foods in the diet, etc.) topical areas in MBS nutrition care with potentially sufficient evidence to create specific MBS Macronutrients guidelines and identified topical areas with little research.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Clinical practice regarding macronutrient intake remains guided by consensus and indirect evidence. We detail ways that leadership at the profession level may remedy this.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":216,"journal":{"name":"Obesity Reviews","volume":"25 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/obr.13831","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142219337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The change in food service costs associated with increasing the healthiness of ready-to-eat food provision: A systematic scoping review","authors":"Shaan S. Naughton,&nbsp;Moosa al Subhi,&nbsp;Tara Boelsen-Robinson,&nbsp;Miranda R. Blake,&nbsp;Jaithri Ananthapavan,&nbsp;Anna Peeters","doi":"10.1111/obr.13830","DOIUrl":"10.1111/obr.13830","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Increasing the healthiness of food retail environments is an identified mechanism to help halt rising rates of diet-related non-communicable diseases. Previous studies on healthy food environment adoption report that retailers' perceptions of loss of profitability and higher food costs are often barriers to change. Despite this, actual changes to profitability and food costs have not been fully explored. This study aimed to systematically scope the evidence relating to changes to food costs or profitability when changes are made to increase the healthiness of food and drinks sold by food service retailers. Nine databases were searched, with studies included from settings that sold ready-to-consume items, with interventions to increase the healthiness of menus, and reporting food environment/nutrition outcomes, and cost/profit outcomes. Of the 12 studies included, the majority were conducted in the United States and in school settings. Most studies indicated that increasing the healthiness of food service retail environments resulted in neutral or favorable financial outcomes. Food costs and/or profit changes were most often monitored via simple accounting measures. While further research is needed to strengthen the evidence on financial outcomes of healthier food provision, this review indicates that some perceived barriers to change may not be warranted.</p>","PeriodicalId":216,"journal":{"name":"Obesity Reviews","volume":"25 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/obr.13830","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142219339","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Addressing disparities: A systematic review of digital health equity for adolescent obesity prevention and management interventions","authors":"Stephanie R. Partridge,&nbsp;Amber Knight,&nbsp;Allyson Todd,&nbsp;Bronwyn McGill,&nbsp;Sara Wardak,&nbsp;Laura Alston,&nbsp;Katherine M. Livingstone,&nbsp;Anna Singleton,&nbsp;Louise Thornton,&nbsp;Sisi Jia,&nbsp;Julie Redfern,&nbsp;Rebecca Raeside","doi":"10.1111/obr.13821","DOIUrl":"10.1111/obr.13821","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Adolescence is a high-risk life stage for obesity. Digital strategies are needed to prevent and manage obesity among adolescents. We assessed if digital health interventions are contributing to disparities in obesity outcomes and assessed the adequacy of reporting of digital health equity criteria across four levels of influence within the digital environment. The systematic search was conducted on 10 major electronic databases and limited to randomized controlled trials (RCTs) or cluster-RCTs for prevention or management of obesity among 10–19 year olds. Primary outcome was mean body mass index (BMI), or BMI <i>z</i>-score change. The Adapted Digital Health Equity Assessment Framework was applied to all studies. Thirty-three articles (27 unique studies with 8483 participants) were identified, with only eight studies targeting adolescents from disadvantaged populations. Post-intervention, only three studies reported significantly lower BMI outcomes in the intervention compared to control. Of the 432 digital health equity criteria assessed across 27 studies, 82% of criteria were “not addressed.” Studies are not addressing digital health equity criteria or inadequately reporting information to assess if digital health interventions are contributing to disparities in obesity outcomes. Enhanced reporting is needed to inform decision-makers and support the development of equitable interventions to prevent and manage obesity among adolescents.</p>","PeriodicalId":216,"journal":{"name":"Obesity Reviews","volume":"25 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/obr.13821","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142219338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integration of observational and causal evidence for the association between adiposity and 17 gastrointestinal outcomes: An umbrella review and meta-analysis","authors":"Min Seo Kim,&nbsp;Inhyeok Lee,&nbsp;Pradeep Natarajan,&nbsp;Ron Do,&nbsp;Yeongkeun Kwon,&nbsp;Jae Il Shin,&nbsp;Marco Solmi,&nbsp;Jong Yeob Kim,&nbsp;Hong-Hee Won,&nbsp;Sungsoo Park","doi":"10.1111/obr.13823","DOIUrl":"10.1111/obr.13823","url":null,"abstract":"<p>We systematically reviewed observational and Mendelian randomization (MR) articles that evaluated the association between obesity and 17 gastrointestinal (GI) diseases to integrate causal and observational evidence. A total of 594 observational studies from 26 systematic reviews and meta-analyses and nine MR articles were included. For every 5 kg/m² increase in body mass index (BMI), there was an increased risk of GI diseases ranging from 2% for rectal cancer (relative risk [RR]: 1.02, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.01 to 1.03) to 63% for gallbladder disease (RR: 1.63, 95% CI: 1.50 to 1.77). MR articles indicated that risks of developing GI diseases elevated with each 1 standard deviation increase in genetically predicted BMI, ranging from 11% for Crohn's disease to 189% for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Moreover, upper GI conditions were less susceptible, whereas hepatobiliary organs were more vulnerable to increased adiposity. Among the associations between obesity and the 17 GI conditions, causal relationships were inferred from only approximately half (10/17, 59%). This study reveals a substantial gap between observational and causal evidence, indicating that a combined approach is necessary to effectively inform public health policies and guide epidemiological research on obesity and GI diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":216,"journal":{"name":"Obesity Reviews","volume":"25 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/obr.13823","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142131387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the complex link between obesity and intelligence: Evidence from systematic review, updated meta-analysis, and Mendelian randomization","authors":"Seo Young Yun,&nbsp;Joo Young Yun,&nbsp;Chaeseong Lim,&nbsp;Hyeoncheol Oh,&nbsp;Eunjeong Son,&nbsp;Kihyuk Shin,&nbsp;Kihun Kim,&nbsp;Dai Sik Ko,&nbsp;Yun Hak Kim","doi":"10.1111/obr.13827","DOIUrl":"10.1111/obr.13827","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Obesity is a major public health concern associated with a higher risk of various comorbidities. Some studies have explored the impact of obesity on cognitive function and, conversely, how lower intelligence might increase the risk of later obesity. The aim of this study is to analyze a complex relationship between body mass index (BMI) and intelligence quotient (IQ), employing a comprehensive approach, including a systematic review, meta-analysis, and Mendelian randomization (MR). We extracted the data from Medline and Embase to identify relevant studies published since June 22, 2009. MR analysis relied on genetic databases such as the Genome-Wide Association Study (GWAS) and the Genetic Investigation of Anthropometric Traits (GIANT) to explore potential causal relationships. The systematic review and meta-analysis encompassed 34 and 17 studies, respectively. They revealed a substantial correlation between obesity and reduced IQ, particularly notable among school-age children (mean difference −5.26; 95% CI: −7.44 to −3.09). Notably, within the IQ subgroup, verbal IQ also exhibited a significant association with a mean difference of −7.73 (95% CI: −14.70 to −0.77) in school-age children. In contrast, the MR did not unveil a significant causal relationship between BMI and IQ, both in childhood and adulthood. This comprehensive analysis underscores a significant correlation between BMI and IQ, particularly in school-age children. However, the MR analysis implies a potentially weaker causal relationship. Future large-scale cohort studies should address potential confounding factors to provide further insights into the BMI-IQ relationship.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":216,"journal":{"name":"Obesity Reviews","volume":"25 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142124380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gender differences in adherence and retention in Mediterranean diet interventions with a weight-loss outcome: A systematic review and meta-analysis","authors":"Laekin Rose,&nbsp;Amelia Wood,&nbsp;Timothy Gill","doi":"10.1111/obr.13824","DOIUrl":"10.1111/obr.13824","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The Mediterranean diet has been shown to be effective in improving health outcomes and for weight loss. Adherence and retention in dietary interventions are critical to ensure the benefits of the exposure. No studies to date have assessed the role of gender in understanding participants who remain engaged and adhere to Mediterranean diet interventions.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study aimed to explore gender differences in recruitment, adherence, and retention for Mediterranean diet interventions and whether these were associated with differences in weight-loss outcomes.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A systematic search was completed in EMBASE, Medline, Cochrane, and clinicaltrials.gov from inception to March 2023. A meta-analysis of studies reporting retention by gender was completed using odds ratios comparing female to male dropout numbers. A second meta-analysis was completed for adherence comparing standardized mean difference of Mediterranean diet scores stratified by gender. Newcastle Ottawa score was used to assess risk of bias.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A total of 70 articles were included in the systematic review with six articles included in the adherence meta-analysis and nine in the dropout meta-analysis. No statistically significant difference was shown for adherence or retention by gender. Weight-loss outcomes were inconsistent.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The results of the study suggest a higher adherence and lower dropout for women although these results were not statistically significant. Future studies of Mediterranean diet interventions should include adherence, retention, and weight-loss data stratified by gender to allow further investigation of this relationship.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":216,"journal":{"name":"Obesity Reviews","volume":"25 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/obr.13824","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142124381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Why do preconception and pregnancy lifestyle interventions demonstrate limited success in preventing overweight and obesity in children? A scoping review investigating intervention complexity, process evaluation components, and author interpretations","authors":"Kaat Philippe,&nbsp;Shevaun M. Teo,&nbsp;Carla Perrotta,&nbsp;Fionnuala M. McAuliffe,&nbsp;Catherine M. Phillips","doi":"10.1111/obr.13822","DOIUrl":"10.1111/obr.13822","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Preventing childhood obesity from early life is considered essential. However, evidence from recent systematic reviews has highlighted inconsistent results and limited effectiveness of preconception and pregnancy lifestyle interventions regarding offspring weight outcomes and adiposity. Therefore, to improve our understanding regarding the mixed success of these early life interventions, we conducted a scoping review examining intervention complexity, process evaluation components, and authors' statements. Eligible articles (preconception or pregnancy lifestyle trials with offspring data beyond 1 month of age) were identified by searching databases (PubMed, Embase, and CENTRAL), previous reviews, and performing CLUSTER searches. The Intervention Complexity Assessment Tool for Systematic Reviews (iCAT_SR) was used to evaluate intervention complexity. A thematic analysis provided insight into process evaluation components and authors' interpretations. Finally, an expert consultation on the results was conducted. We identified 40 eligible publications corresponding to 27 trials. Only two trials started before conception. Potential reasons for interventions' limited success included the late intervention initiation, short intervention duration, and insufficient sample size. Few studies reported process evaluations and included stakeholder involvement, which are essential according to the expert group. We discuss current limitations and outline suggestions for future interventions in this field of research.</p><p></p>","PeriodicalId":216,"journal":{"name":"Obesity Reviews","volume":"25 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/obr.13822","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142091253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Epicardial fat in heart failure—Friend, foe, or bystander","authors":"Aleksandra Paterek,&nbsp;Marta Załęska-Kocięcka,&nbsp;Zuzanna Wojdyńska,&nbsp;Małgorzata Kalisz,&nbsp;Anna Litwiniuk,&nbsp;Przemysław Leszek,&nbsp;Michał Mączewski","doi":"10.1111/obr.13820","DOIUrl":"10.1111/obr.13820","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) is a fat depot covering the heart. No physical barrier separates EAT from the myocardium, so EAT can easily affect the underlying cardiac muscle. EAT can participate in the development and progression of heart failure with preserved (HFpEF) and reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). In healthy humans, excess EAT is associated with impaired cardiac function and worse outcomes. In HFpEF, this trend continues: EAT amount is usually increased, and excess EAT correlates with worse function/outcomes. However, in HFrEF, the opposite is true: reduced EAT amount correlates with worse cardiac function/outcomes. Surprisingly, although EAT has beneficial effects on cardiac function, it aggravates ventricular arrhythmias. Here, we dissect these phenomena, trying to explain these paradoxical findings to find a target for novel heart failure therapies aimed at EAT rather than the myocardium itself. However, the success of this approach depends on a thorough understanding of interactions between EAT and the myocardium.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":216,"journal":{"name":"Obesity Reviews","volume":"25 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142071612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of bariatric surgery and dietary interventions for obesity on brain neurotransmitter systems and metabolism: A systematic review of positron emission tomography (PET) and single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) studies","authors":"Alhanouf S. Al-Alsheikh,&nbsp;Shahd Alabdulkader,&nbsp;Alexander D. Miras,&nbsp;Anthony P. Goldstone","doi":"10.1111/obr.13620","DOIUrl":"10.1111/obr.13620","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This systematic review collates studies of dietary or bariatric surgery interventions for obesity using positron emission tomography and single-photon emission computed tomography. Of 604 publications identified, 22 met inclusion criteria. Twelve studies assessed bariatric surgery (seven gastric bypass, five gastric bypass/sleeve gastrectomy), and ten dietary interventions (six low-calorie diet, three very low-calorie diet, one prolonged fasting). Thirteen studies examined neurotransmitter systems (six used tracers for dopamine DRD2/3 receptors: two each for ¹¹C-raclopride, ¹⁸F-fallypride, ¹²³I-IBZM; one for dopamine transporter, ¹²³I-FP-CIT; one used tracer for serotonin 5-HT_2A receptor, ¹⁸F-altanserin; two used tracers for serotonin transporter, ¹¹C-DASB or ¹²³I-FP-CIT; two used tracer for μ-opioid receptor, ¹¹C-carfentanil; one used tracer for noradrenaline transporter, ¹¹C-MRB); seven studies assessed glucose uptake using ¹⁸F-fluorodeoxyglucose; four studies assessed regional cerebral blood flow using ¹⁵O-H₂O (one study also used arterial spin labeling); and two studies measured fatty acid uptake using ¹⁸F-FTHA and one using ¹¹C-palmitate. The review summarizes findings and correlations with clinical outcomes, eating behavior, and mechanistic mediators. The small number of studies using each tracer and intervention, lack of dietary intervention control groups in any surgical studies, heterogeneity in time since intervention and degree of weight loss, and small sample sizes hindered the drawing of robust conclusions across studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":216,"journal":{"name":"Obesity Reviews","volume":"24 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2023-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/obr.13620","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10278125","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}