Obesity Reviews最新文献

{"title":"Exercise training in metabolic and bariatric surgery: An overview of systematic reviews","authors":"Julia Hussien,&nbsp;Marine Asselin,&nbsp;Dale Bond,&nbsp;Yin Wu,&nbsp;Valentina Ly,&nbsp;David Creel,&nbsp;Pavlos Papasavas,&nbsp;Bret H. Goodpaster,&nbsp;Aurélie Baillot","doi":"10.1111/obr.13920","DOIUrl":"10.1111/obr.13920","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Understanding how to incorporate exercise into metabolic and bariatric surgery programs to optimize treatment outcomes is of great interest, as evidenced by 11 reviews published on this topic in 2022 alone. This overview of reviews was conducted to create a single cohesive resource to aid clinicians and researchers by exploring the effects of pre- and post-operative exercise training on health outcomes. A literature search of 7 electronic databases was performed (updated 09/2023) and 24 reviews met preset PICOS eligibility criteria and were included: 4 exploring preoperative exercise training, 13 postoperative, and 7 both. Comparing reviews, outcome results were organized as concordant, discordant, or inconclusive, and then categorized into “what we currently know”, “what we think we know” and “what we still don't know”. We do not currently know the effects of pre- or post-operative exercise training on any outcomes, but we think we know that preoperative exercise training has a positive effect on BMI and 6-minute walking test distance, and postoperative exercise training has a positive effect on body weight and BMI, waist circumference, bone mineral density, 6-minute walking test distance, muscle strength, and systolic blood pressure. Despite the abundance of research, much still needs to be done in terms of enhancing methodological rigor and reporting to achieve greater confidence in our conclusions; recommendations for the next research steps are made.</p>","PeriodicalId":216,"journal":{"name":"Obesity Reviews","volume":"26 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/obr.13920","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143794335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Discontinuing glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists and body habitus: A systematic review and meta-analysis","authors":"Sara Berg,&nbsp;Hannah Stickle,&nbsp;Suzanne J. Rose,&nbsp;Eric C. Nemec","doi":"10.1111/obr.13929","DOIUrl":"10.1111/obr.13929","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Research on Glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonist (GLP-1RA) has mainly focused on the efficacy of weight loss and not the long-term efficacy of weight loss maintenance. This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to evaluate the sustainability of weight loss of patients taking GLP-1RAs following the discontinuation of the drug. EBSCOhost was used to simultaneously search Academic Search Premier, CINHAL Ultimate, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, MEDLINE with full text, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, and separate PubMed search was systematically investigated using a predetermined search strategy from inception to February 1st, 2024. The authors extracted data regarding body weight change from baseline on treatment and off treatment, change in waist circumference from baseline on and off treatment, and change in BMI from baseline on and off treatment. Meta-analysis was conducted using RevMan (version 5.4) to calculate pooled mean differences using a Der Simonian-Laird Random Effects model. ResultsThe initial search yielded 497 relevant articles and, after screening, retained 8 randomized controlled trials comprised of 2372 participants, all with a BMI ≥ 27 kg/m². After discontinuing GLP-1RA therapy, weight regain was proportional to the original weight loss. Participants who took liraglutide regained 2.20 kg (95% CI 1.69 to 2.70, P &lt; 0.00001), and participants taking semaglutide/tirzepatide regained 9.69 kg (95% CI 5.78 to 13.60, P &lt; 0.00001). This systematic review and meta-analysis show that significant weight is regained after discontinuing GLP-1RA treatment, which should be discussed when stopping therapy.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Practitioner Points</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p><b>Question:</b> Does discontinuation of Glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonist (GLP-1RA) treatment lead to significant weight gain?</p>\u0000 \u0000 <p><b>Findings:</b> In this systematic review and meta-analysis, discontinuing GLP-1RA treatment led to a pooled overall mean weight regain of 2.20 kg in participants taking liraglutide and 9.69 kg in those patients prescribed semaglutide/tirzepatide. The proportion of weight regained was proportional to the amount originally lost.</p>\u0000 \u0000 <p><b>Meaning:</b> Discontinuation of GLP-1RA treatment leads to weight regain, regardless of lifestyle interventions, and should therefore be considered a chronic therapy to prevent weight regain and associated undesirable outcomes related to obesity.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":216,"journal":{"name":"Obesity Reviews","volume":"26 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143787423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hyperphagia in Bardet–Biedl syndrome: Pathophysiology, burden, and management","authors":"Philip L. Beales,&nbsp;Metin Cetiner,&nbsp;Andrea M. Haqq,&nbsp;Jennifer Miller,&nbsp;Ashley H. Shoemaker,&nbsp;Diana Valverde,&nbsp;Miriam Zacchia,&nbsp;Hélène Dollfus","doi":"10.1111/obr.13915","DOIUrl":"10.1111/obr.13915","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Bardet–Biedl syndrome (BBS) is a rare, genetically heterogeneous, and highly pleiotropic autosomal recessive ciliopathy. Patients typically present with early loss of vision, hyperphagia, severe obesity, learning difficulties, and renal dysfunction. In patients with BBS, dysfunction of the immotile primary cilia in the hypothalamic melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4R) pathway responsible for controlling energy balance, hunger, and satiety results in severe hyperphagia manifesting in food-seeking behaviors that drive the development of obesity early in childhood. These behaviors have negative impacts on many areas of the lives of patients with BBS and their families/caregivers, including sleep, mood, school/work, and social/family relationships. Additionally, many patients feel stigmatized due to their hyperphagia-associated food-seeking behaviors and the resulting obesity, which exacerbates the impacts of hyperphagia on quality of life. Early identification and management of hyperphagia in patients with BBS is key: mitigating food-seeking and weight gain can improve quality of life and reduce the risk of metabolic and cardiovascular diseases that is increased in patients with BBS. Until recently, the only treatment strategies available were lifestyle and diet modifications. However, targeted treatment with the novel MC4R agonist setmelanotide now offers an effective management option to reduce hyperphagia and weight in patients with BBS, improving overall health and quality of life.</p>","PeriodicalId":216,"journal":{"name":"Obesity Reviews","volume":"26 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/obr.13915","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143787437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transabdominal photobiomodulation applications: A systematic review and meta-analysis","authors":"Ana M. Jiménez-García,&nbsp;Candela Zorzo,&nbsp;Alba Gutiérrez-Menéndez,&nbsp;Jorge L. Arias,&nbsp;Natalia Arias","doi":"10.1111/obr.13921","DOIUrl":"10.1111/obr.13921","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The escalating prevalence of obesity presents a multifaceted challenge involving genetic, environmental, and behavioral factors, with significant public health implications. Photobiomodulation (PBM) may positively influence metabolic activities in adipose cells and regulate inflammation, potentially impacting obesity.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted to assess the effects of transabdominal PBM treatments in preclinical and clinical obesity studies, covering a range of physical, psychological, and physiological variables. Research articles were sourced from PubMed, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, and Scopus databases. Following the inclusion and exclusion criteria, a total of 24 studies, comprising 1041 patients, and 100 mice were incorporated. R software was employed for conducting meta-analyses, and calculating effect sizes between experimental and control groups.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In human models, significant discrepancies were revealed in waist circumference (Z = -2.16; p = 0.031), hip circumference (Z = 2.11; p = 0.035), insulin levels (Z = 2.11; p = 0.035), and triglycerides (Z = -2.4674, p = 0.0136). In animal models, significant differences were observed in epididymal adipocyte area (Z = -5.6930; p &lt; 0.0001), triglycerides (Z = -2.0254; p = 0.04848), and glucose area under the curve (AUC; Z = -6.4112; p &lt; 0.0001).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study underscores the necessity of considering diverse wavelengths in PBM research, particularly within the realm of obesity, and emphasizes the imperative for further investigations to comprehensively elucidate PBM mechanisms and applications. The exploration of innovative therapeutic approaches unfolds novel avenues in the pursuit of comprehensive strategies to address obesity and its underlying determinants.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":216,"journal":{"name":"Obesity Reviews","volume":"26 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/obr.13921","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143787438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How do glucagon-like Peptide-1 receptor agonists affect measures of muscle mass in individuals with, and without, type 2 diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis","authors":"Oluwaseun Anyiam,&nbsp;Arash Ardavani,&nbsp;Rushdina Sofia Abdul Rashid,&nbsp;Avinash Panesar,&nbsp;Iskandar Idris","doi":"10.1111/obr.13916","DOIUrl":"10.1111/obr.13916","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP1RAs) are used for the management of type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and obesity. GLP1RAs induce significant weight loss but concerns have been raised regarding the associated effects on muscle mass (MM). We therefore conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis assessing the effects of GLP1RAs on various measures of MM in individuals living with overweight or obesity, with and without T2DM. Comprehensive search of Medline, Pubmed, EMBASE, CINAHL, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), and Google Scholar was performed. Studies involving cohorts with a mean age over 40 years and a mean body mass index over 25 kg.m^-2 were included. The primary outcome was any measure used to estimate MM, whilst fat mass (FM) and total body weight were included as secondary outcomes. Thirty-eight publications, involving 1735 participants, were included in the review. Separate meta-analyses were performed for studies involving participants with T2DM and individuals without T2DM (non-DM). In individuals with T2DM, GLP1RAs induced a non-significant mean reduction in MM measures (-0.74 kg, 95% CI: -1.61, 0.14, p = 0.10), despite significantly reducing FM (-3.18 kg, 95% CI: -4.09, -2.28, p &lt; 0.0001). In the non-DM analysis, a significant mean reduction in MM measures was observed (-1.41 kg, 95% CI: -2.12, -0.71, p = 0.0001), however, this was significantly less than the reduction in FM (-6.02 kg, 95% CI: -7.53, -4.50, p &lt; 0.0001). In both populations, the reduction in measures of MM accounted for less than 20% of the total weight reduction. These findings provide some clarity to clinicians that use GLP1RAs to manage individuals with T2DM and/or obesity, however, further more detailed analysis of the impact of these medications on functional skeletal muscle is required.</p>","PeriodicalId":216,"journal":{"name":"Obesity Reviews","volume":"26 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/obr.13916","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143778692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The impact of food and nonalcoholic beverage sponsorship and marketing in the school environment on the food choices of school-going children and adolescents: A scoping review, 2011–2023","authors":"Kelly O. Farmer,&nbsp;Ronel A. Beukes,&nbsp;Marwyn Sowden,&nbsp;Lisanne M. du Plessis","doi":"10.1111/obr.13923","DOIUrl":"10.1111/obr.13923","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Globally, childhood obesity presents as a major public health challenge that is steadily on the increase. This is a result of, among other factors, children consuming excessive amounts of empty calories, specifically from foods high in saturated fats, refined sugar, and sodium, which may be exacerbated by targeted marketing and sponsorships. This scoping review aimed to investigate the prevalence of food and nonalcoholic beverage marketing in schools and to determine the impact marketing and sponsorship in the school environment has on the food choices of school-going children and adolescents. The objectives of the scoping review were to conduct a systematic search of available and relevant literature, identify recurring themes and knowledge gaps, and make recommendations for future research. For this scoping review, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and EBSCO were searched for relevant studies published between 2011 and 2023. Gray literature was searched for on ProQuest and Google Scholar. The results were exported from the database into CADIMA for screening and data analysis; 1608 references were screened. Twelve primary studies (<i>n</i> = 12) were included in the final review. The evidence mapped out through this scoping review found that a link has been established between food and nonalcoholic beverage marketing and enhanced interest in these products from adolescents. It showed that food and nonalcoholic beverage marketing is prevalent in the school environment and influences the dietary behavior of school-going children. The school food environment is an opportunity to positively influence children and adolescents' food choices and consumption habits through nutrition education and health promotion.</p>","PeriodicalId":216,"journal":{"name":"Obesity Reviews","volume":"26 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/obr.13923","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143741938","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Defective lymphatic vasculature in obesity","authors":"Jingjing Zhu,&nbsp;John P. H. Wilding,&nbsp;Ji Hu","doi":"10.1111/obr.13922","DOIUrl":"10.1111/obr.13922","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Lymphedema is an important, and often underdiagnosed complication of obesity and is likely due to acquired defects in the lymphatic vasculature. Study of diet-induced obesity animal models have indicated defective lymphatic vasculatures might extend to other anatomical sites, especially visceral depots. Excess mechanical pressure, metabolites, pro-inflammatory cytokines, and adipokines released during adipose tissue expansion can predispose lymphocytes to overactivation and apoptosis; compromising collecting lymphatic vessels; and triggering lymph node hypoplasia, fibrosis, and apoptosis. Consequently, the defective lymphatic vasculature may disrupt local and systemic immune-metabolic homeostasis, contributing to various adverse outcomes including inflammation and immune dysfunction, abnormal transport dynamics of lipids, vitamin D, and possibly incretin in obesity. Weight reduction is the definitive management to restore lymphatic function and should be instituted before permanent vasculature impairment develops. Besides lymphatic regeneration, future research aimed at elucidating the pathophysiological mechanisms between adipose tissue and lymphatic vasculature should be considered to help the development of potential adjunctive therapies that might repair the lymphatic vasculature, improve immune-metabolic outcomes, and even combat obesity.</p><p></p>","PeriodicalId":216,"journal":{"name":"Obesity Reviews","volume":"26 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/obr.13922","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143727317","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Contemporary esophageal physiological testing for primary esophageal motility disorder (PEMD) and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) before bariatric surgery: A systematic literature review","authors":"Muhammed Ashraf Memon,&nbsp;Khorshed Alam,&nbsp;Zahirul Hoque,&nbsp;Shahjahan Khan","doi":"10.1111/obr.13924","DOIUrl":"10.1111/obr.13924","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This systematic review was conducted to evaluate the preoperative prevalence of primary esophageal motility disorders and gastroesophageal reflux disease in patients with morbid obesity before bariatric surgery.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The use of esophageal manometry ± 24-hour pH study before bariatric surgery was explored.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Material and Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Articles on preoperative conventional or high-resolution manometry ± 24-hours pH-study or both before bariatric surgery between 1999 and 2023 were identified using the Medline, PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Register of Systematic Reviews, and Science Citation Index. The search terms were selected for each search engine to optimize the published literature and meet the inclusion criteria. The modified AXIS was used as a critical appraisal tool to assess the quality of studies.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Thirty-three studies performing preoperative esophageal manometry ± pH studies or both were identified. Various manometric abnormalities have been described by the authors depending on the type of technique used. Twenty-two studies undertook a 24-hour ambulatory pH study to identify abnormal acid exposure. Twenty studies performed preoperative gastroscopy. The incidence of hiatal hernia varied from 5.4% to 52.6%, and reflux esophagitis from 4.4% to 42%.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The preoperative prevalence of PEMD and GERD was significant in patients with morbid obesity. This implies that the selection of the most appropriate bariatric procedure needs to be tailored not only for weight reduction but also for the prevention of further deterioration in esophageal motor function and GERD and its future consequences, such as Barrett's esophagus, erosive esophagitis, and esophageal adenocarcinoma, in both the short and long term.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":216,"journal":{"name":"Obesity Reviews","volume":"26 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/obr.13924","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143717611","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Measurement and evaluation of community engagement in complex, chronic medical conditions: HIV and obesity as exemplar conditions","authors":"Andrew D. Brown,&nbsp;A. Colin Bell,&nbsp;Josh Hayward,&nbsp;Tiana Felmingham,&nbsp;Steven Allender","doi":"10.1111/obr.13919","DOIUrl":"10.1111/obr.13919","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Objective To systematically review, describe, and compare quantitative measures of community engagement in obesity and HIV prevention research. Materials &amp; Methods A systematic review adhering to PRISMA and PROSPERO guidelines was conducted, searching seven databases. Screening and quality assessment were carried out by four reviewers independently. Studies were included if they explicitly used community engagement for obesity or HIV prevention and quantitatively measured community engagement. Extracted data included descriptions of community engagement, measurement constructs, and statistical results. Results Of 8922 studies screened by title and abstract and 1326 studies screened by full text, 13 studies were included from obesity prevention and 42 studies from HIV prevention. The studies used a range of terms for community engagement, highlighting differing approaches and challenges in measurement. Quantitative measures of community engagement varied across the studies. When change over time in community engagement was analyzed, an increase in engagement was generally found, and when an association between engagement and health was tested, a positive association was generally found. Conclusion Despite diverse measurement approaches, drawing parallels between obesity and HIV prevention offers new pathways to strengthen community engagement evaluations through the iteration of existing measures across the two fields.</p>","PeriodicalId":216,"journal":{"name":"Obesity Reviews","volume":"26 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/obr.13919","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143690412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diet-focused behavioral interventions to reduce the risk of non-communicable diseases in low- and middle-income countries: A scoping review of existing evidence","authors":"Averi Chakrabarti,&nbsp;Nathan Ellermeier,&nbsp;Arpita Tripathi,&nbsp;Harsha Thirumurthy,&nbsp;Rachel Nugent","doi":"10.1111/obr.13918","DOIUrl":"10.1111/obr.13918","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Purpose</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are on the rise worldwide, with low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) bearing more than three-quarters of global deaths from NCDs. Unhealthy diet is a major risk factor for NCDs. This scoping review compiles evidence on the effectiveness of diet-focused behavioral interventions in LMICs.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We conducted a search of five databases to identify studies that evaluated a broad set of behavioral interventions to address diet in LMICs. The final sample comprised 52 studies. The interventions investigated were education (N = 10), messaging (N = 12), multi-component (N = 26), and others (N = 4). Fiscal interventions were excluded as their impacts have been widely studied in prior research. The most common evaluation methods were randomized controlled trials (N = 31) followed by pre-post comparisons (N = 13). We extracted effect sizes for: biological risk factors (such as cholesterol or body mass index), nutritional intake for different food groups (e.g., fruits and vegetables), and nutritional knowledge.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Studies of behavioral interventions to promote dietary change reported a broad range of outcomes. The most commonly reported outcomes were body mass index (BMI), intake of specific foods, and nutrition knowledge. Most interventions produced small effects in the expected direction. Many of the studies fell short of quality measures, with quality being affected by small sample sizes, no adjustment for multiple hypothesis testing, and a lack of objectively measured outcomes. A few LMICs were heavily represented. Overall, there was limited evidence on how to effectively promote healthier diets through behavioral interventions in LMICs. Existing studies have examined a narrow range of interventions and provided little evidence that health outcomes substantially improved.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":216,"journal":{"name":"Obesity Reviews","volume":"26 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143690409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}