Obesity Reviews最新文献

{"title":"Alternative Splicing Regulation in Metabolic Disorders.","authors":"Dorota Kaminska","doi":"10.1111/obr.13950","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/obr.13950","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Alternative splicing (AS) is a fundamental mechanism for enhancing transcriptome diversity and regulating gene expression, crucial for various cellular processes and the development of complex traits. This review examines the role of AS in metabolic disorders, including obesity, weight loss, dyslipidemias, and metabolic syndrome. We explore the molecular mechanisms underlying AS regulation, focusing on the interplay between cis-acting elements and trans-acting factors, and the influence of RNA-binding proteins (RBPs). Advances in high-throughput sequencing and bioinformatics have unveiled the extensive landscape of AS events across different tissues and conditions, highlighting the importance of tissue-specific splicing in metabolic regulation. We discuss the impact of genetic variants on AS, with a particular emphasis on splicing quantitative trait loci (sQTLs) and their association with cardiometabolic traits. The review also covers the regulation of spliceosome components by phosphorylation, the role of m6A modification in AS, and the interaction between transcription and splicing. Additionally, we address the clinical relevance of AS, illustrating how splicing misregulation contributes to metabolic diseases and the potential for therapeutic interventions targeting splicing mechanisms. This comprehensive overview underscores the significance of AS in metabolic health and disease, advocating for further research to harness its therapeutic potential.</p>","PeriodicalId":216,"journal":{"name":"Obesity Reviews","volume":" ","pages":"e13950"},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144155316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How Is Scale Incorporated Into the Economic Evaluation of Interventions to Prevent Obesity or to Improve Obesity-Related Risk Factors: A Systematic Scoping Review.","authors":"Carina Dalton, Marufa Sultana, Kaitlyn McKenna, Vicki Brown","doi":"10.1111/obr.13942","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/obr.13942","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Obesity prevention interventions commonly need to be implemented at scale, to address what is a significant population-level issue. While systematic reviews on the economic evidence for interventions preventing obesity or reducing obesity-related risk factors exist, to date there has been no empirical focus on the methods used to quantify the impacts of scale on intervention cost-effectiveness. This systematic scoping review aimed to synthesize the methods used to incorporate scale considerations and provide future directions for incorporating scale into economic evaluation of public health interventions.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A systematic search was undertaken by two reviewers using six databases in June 2023 to identify published economic evaluations of obesity prevention interventions, from which primary studies that quantitatively incorporated scale into their analyses were identified and included. Narrative synthesis of methods used to incorporate scale considerations.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Fifty-one relevant primary studies were identified, comprising five within-trial and 46 modeled economic evaluations of 132 discrete interventions. Within-trial economic evaluations commonly estimated intervention cost assuming scale, and generally used simplistic methods and assumptions to do so. Only three modeled economic evaluations of interventions actually implemented at scale were identified. The methods used to estimate scale impacts on costs, effects, and populations exposed to interventions were heterogeneous, with few studies including equity-informed analyses.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>More guidance is needed on how to appropriately incorporate scale into economic evaluations, whether conducted within-trial or using modeling approaches. This is especially important due to the necessity of population-level interventions to address major health issues like obesity.</p>","PeriodicalId":216,"journal":{"name":"Obesity Reviews","volume":" ","pages":"e13942"},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144118477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effectiveness of Combined Dietary and Physical Activity Interventions for Improving Dietary Behaviors, Physical Activity, and Adiposity Outcomes in Adolescents Globally: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.","authors":"Natalie Pearson, Rebecca Pradeilles, Andrew Kingsnorth, Africa Peral Suarez, Benjamin Boxer, Paula Griffiths, Lauren B Sherar","doi":"10.1111/obr.13940","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/obr.13940","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This systematic review and meta-analysis examined the effectiveness of combined diet and physical activity interventions on changes in dietary and physical activity behaviors, and adiposity related outcomes in adolescents globally. PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane were searched for controlled interventions targeting dietary behaviors and physical activity in adolescents aged 10-19 years at baseline and reporting on the outcomes of changes in dietary and physical activity behaviors. Behavioral outcomes were synthesized narratively, and meta-analyses were conducted for changes in adiposity related outcomes (e.g., BMI z-scores, body fat percentage). Thirty-six studies were included, most (79%) were conducted in high-income countries and delivered in school settings (n = 28, 78%). Ten interventions (28%) showed no effect on any behaviors, and 5 (14%) reported changing all behaviors targeted and assessed. Most (72%) interventions changed at least one of the behaviors assessed, and 39% changed one or more indicator of adiposity. In a subsample (k = 16), there was a nonsignificant reduction in BMI (SMD -0.11 [95% CI -0.26 to 0.04]; I² = 90%), a significant moderate reduction in BMI z-score (k = 14) (SMD -0.62 [-1.09 to -0.16]; I² = 99%), and in body fat percentage in favor of the intervention groups (k = 11) (SMD -1.32 [-2.22 to -0.42]; I² = 99%). The evidence for interventions targeting both dietary and physical activity behaviors and their effect on behavior and adiposity in adolescents is largely inconsistent. The positive findings from few studies suggests that there is potential to improve some lifestyle behaviors and associated adiposity outcomes in adolescents. However, the current evidence is focussed on high income countries with little consideration given to potential inequities in the effects of interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":216,"journal":{"name":"Obesity Reviews","volume":" ","pages":"e13940"},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144109208","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Knee Extensor Structure and Function in Children, Adolescents, Adults, and Older Adults With Obesity: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.","authors":"Michael N Vakula, Youngwook Kim, Eadric Bressel","doi":"10.1111/obr.13949","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/obr.13949","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aims to evaluate the association between obesity and both absolute and relative measures of knee extensor muscle structure and contractile function across different age groups, including children, adolescents, adults, and older adults.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A search for potential studies was performed in four electronic databases. Data were meta-analyzed using a random-effects model for our primary outcomes of knee extensor structure (muscle size and quality) and function (maximal force/torque, rapid torque, and fatigue) and compared between those with or without obesity in each age group.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The findings indicate that obesity significantly increases absolute measures of knee extensor maximal contractile function and muscle size. However, obesity was associated with a decrease in relative measures of maximal and rapid contractile function and muscle quality. The association of obesity with these muscle characteristics varied by age group, with the effects on knee extensor structure and function diminishing with age.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This systematic review and meta-analysis demonstrate that while obesity enhances absolute knee extensor muscle size and maximal force/torque, it detrimentally affects relative muscle function and quality, particularly related to activities of daily living. These effects are less pronounced in older adults, suggesting that age modulates the impact of obesity on muscle structure and function. The findings underscore the importance of interventions targeting the improvement of relative muscle function and quality in individuals with obesity. Further research is necessary to better understand these relationships and to develop more effective intervention strategies for obesity.</p><p><strong>Registration: </strong>This protocol was prospectively registered in the Open Science Framework (DOI: 10.17605/OSF.IO/ZGUK6).</p>","PeriodicalId":216,"journal":{"name":"Obesity Reviews","volume":" ","pages":"e13949"},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144091992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Impact of Yoga Practices on Body Composition and Vital Signs in Children and Adolescents With Obesity: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.","authors":"Nuray Caner, Gülyeter Erdoğan Yüce","doi":"10.1111/obr.13947","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/obr.13947","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Clear recommendations for treating childhood obesity include family involvement, improving diet quality, reducing portion sizes, increasing physical activity, and decreasing sedentary behaviors.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to provide evidence the effects of yoga interventions on BMI, weight, body composition, and vital signs in children or adolescents with overweight/obesity. This study searched the PubMed, Web of Science, and EBSCO databases to include all studies published up to June 2024. Methodological quality was assessed with the RoB 2. Randomized or nonrandomized controlled studies were included. The standardized mean difference with a 95% confidence interval was calculated. Heterogeneity was analyzed using the I² test and Q statistic. Publication bias was assessed with the Egger regression test.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>This meta-analysis included nine studies. Pooled evidence found that yoga significantly reduces BMI and body fat percentage in children or young people with overweight/obesity.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In conclusion, findings derived from pooled data yoga intervention is an effective method for weight management in children and adolescents with obesity. Additionally, considering that yoga is a calming and mind-body-based intervention, it is recommended that future studies also examine the psychological effects of yoga in children and adolescents with obesity.</p>","PeriodicalId":216,"journal":{"name":"Obesity Reviews","volume":" ","pages":"e13947"},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144101286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Associations Between the Built Environment and Adult Obesity and the Mediating Role of Physical Activity: A Systematic Review.","authors":"Samjhana Shrestha, Gavin Turrell, Michael J Dale, Suzanne J Carroll","doi":"10.1111/obr.13944","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/obr.13944","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Associations between the built environment (BE) and adult obesity are well established. Physical activity (PA) is shown to mediate this association; however, no review has comprehensively synthesized the evidence required to understand this mediating relationship and its variation across different measures of the BE, PA, and obesity. Four electronic databases were searched, and 19 articles published between 2005 and 2022 were reviewed. PA partially explained the associations between the BE and obesity, with effects varying widely across studies (0.48%-48.7%). Objectively measured moderate-to-vigorous PA consistently mediated the association between walkability and obesity, with higher PA accounting for 8.5%-11.6% of the relationship. Domain-specific PA such as walking for transport mediated walkability-obesity associations, but only few studies examined such relationships. PA was an inconsistent mediator of associations between other BE exposures (street connectivity, land-use mix, accessibility, and greenspace) and obesity. PA's mediating role in the BE-obesity relationship is context-dependent; BE features that promoted PA in less dense urban areas of some countries showed different effects in denser urban settings of other countries. Despite limited longitudinal studies from diverse settings, evidence from this review suggests that the BE has the potential to facilitate PA and reduce global obesity and related chronic conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":216,"journal":{"name":"Obesity Reviews","volume":" ","pages":"e13944"},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144092454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identifying Effective Design Components in Physical Activity Interventions Post-Bariatric Surgery: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.","authors":"Kang Zhao, Yimeng Chen, Yinning Guo, Ting Wang, Hanfei Zhu, Ying Zhang, Chulei Tang, Weiying Li, Qin Xu","doi":"10.1111/obr.13951","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/obr.13951","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Poor physical activity (PA) conditions post-bariatric surgery can negatively affect patient prognosis. The long-term PA intervention effects are suboptimal, and lacking exploration regarding the dose-response relationship between intervention configurations and outcome. This study aims to explore the association between post-bariatric surgery PA intervention design components and actual PA improvements.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Seven electronic databases were searched. Included were randomized or quasi-randomized controlled trials post-bariatric surgery that implemented PA interventions and reported PA levels. Meta-analyses were conducted for changes in PA and BMI. Subgroup analysis and meta-regression were performed based on score of consensus on exercise reporting template (CERT), subjective and objective PA reports, intervention type, and intervention-related timing.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Out of 11,896 screened articles, 16 were included, totaling 1256 participants. Meta-analysis results showed significant improvements in PA status at the end of the intervention (SMD = 0.82, 95%CI 0.25-1.40, p = 0.005), with no significant differences in PA changes at follow-up times or BMI changes (p > 0.05). Subgroup analysis indicated that subjective reporting, combined exercise type, starting intervention 1.5 months post-surgery, and a CERT score ≤7, as well as clear reporting of certain CERT items, enhanced intervention effects. Meta-regression demonstrated significant associations between CERT score and changes in PA (β = 0.415, p = 0.038) and BMI (β = -0.253, p = 0.022) at follow-up times.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>PA interventions should adopt a training program combining resistance training with aerobic exercise, clearly define training equipment and locations, and provide supervision, motivational strategies, replicable exercise guidance, and training compliance evaluations to enhance the long-term improvement of PA levels in post-bariatric surgery patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":216,"journal":{"name":"Obesity Reviews","volume":" ","pages":"e13951"},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144092363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Polygenic Risk and Nutrient Intake Interactions on Obesity Outcomes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies.","authors":"Guiomar Masip, Hannah Yang Han, Tongzhu Meng, Daiva E Nielsen","doi":"10.1111/obr.13941","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/obr.13941","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Diet is an important determinant of body weight and may modulate genetic susceptibility to obesity.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to synthesize evidence related to interactions between polygenic risk and nutrient intakes on obesity outcomes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library were systematically searched to identify observational studies that assessed interactions between polygenic risk and nutrient intakes on obesity-related outcomes. Random effects meta-analyses were performed for pooled polygenic risk score (PRS)-total fat intake and PRS-protein intake interaction coefficients on body mass index (BMI).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Twenty-six publications were retrieved with studies conducted among European, Asian, and African samples. Dietary fats (saturated fat, omega-3, and trans fat) and energy intake were most frequently reported to interact with PRS on obesity outcomes, but the total number of studies available was low. No significant interactions were identified in meta-analyses of PRS interactions with total fat intake and protein intake on BMI. Several studies were rated as low quality, heterogeneity was high, and although study samples were racially diverse, PRSs tended to be based on samples of European ancestry.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Evidence of interactions between polygenic risk and nutrient intakes on obesity outcomes is limited and inconsistent. Further research addressing limitations related to study quality and polygenic risk characterization is needed.</p>","PeriodicalId":216,"journal":{"name":"Obesity Reviews","volume":" ","pages":"e13941"},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144075126","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Structural weight stigma in healthcare toward preconception, pregnant, and postpartum women: A systematic review.","authors":"Chloe Tran, Stephanie Pirotta, Haimanot Hailu, Pragya Kandel, Helen Skouteris, Briony Hill","doi":"10.1111/obr.13933","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/obr.13933","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Structural weight stigma for reproductive-aged women can limit healthcare access and increase physical and mental health concerns, with adverse intergenerational outcomes. The aim of this systematic review was to synthesize evidence of structural weight stigma in healthcare and determine how that impacts the care for women across the preconception, pregnant, and postpartum periods.</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>The concepts of stigma, weight, healthcare, and women of reproductive age were combined and searched in five databases (Ovid Medline, PsycINFO, Web of Science, Scopus, CINAHL) and 12 gray literature sources. Inclusion criteria consisted of any peer-reviewed study or government policy that described a structural element within healthcare (e.g., guidelines, funding, insurance, equipment, physical environment) relevant to women of reproductive age (18-50 years) between 2001 and 2023. A narrative synthesis using a convergent approach was employed to analyze results.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 70 studies were included in this review; 24 qualitative, 21 quantitative, 10 policies, 3 dissertations, and one mixed-method study. Structural weight stigma in healthcare presented across: 1) institutional policies that are weight-centric and often placed women in larger bodies on \"high-risk\" pathways; 2) the lack of government funding and insurance coverage for weight-related services; 3) uncertainty amongst healthcare professions regarding their roles and responsibilities, 4) stigmatizing physical environments; and 5) lack of appropriately sized equipment.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Structural weight stigma impacting preconception, pregnant and postpartum women living in larger bodies was highly prevalent. Reducing structural weight stigma is important to improve healthcare access and improve the quality of care.</p>","PeriodicalId":216,"journal":{"name":"Obesity Reviews","volume":" ","pages":"e13933"},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144075086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Low- or No-Energy Sweeteners and Body Weight Management: Dissecting a \"Minor\" Effect.","authors":"France Bellisle","doi":"10.1111/obr.13937","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/obr.13937","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Nonnutritive sweeteners were introduced on the market over a century ago to displace the calories of added sugars in foods and beverages and, therefore, facilitate weight loss. In spite of their widespread use, obesity has reached epidemic proportions. The present paper addresses this apparent paradox. Low- or no-energy sweeteners (LNES) are a small group of widely different substances that can be used to modify one single aspect of energy intake, i.e., consumption of added sugars. Their potential benefits for weight management can be predicted by energy balance equations. Decades of research confirm that LNES affect weight via a purely nutritional mechanism, in proportion of their actual displacement of sugar energy. LNES allow a substantial decrease in energy density of beverages (as opposed to solid foods) and can be maximally effective in consumers of sugar-containing drinks. Their average effect is robust but modest (1-2-kg weight loss) compared to comprehensive weight-loss programs (±5 kg), medication, or surgery (+10% of initial weight). Other benefits of LNES include sensory-specific satiety for sweet foods, improved diet adherence, and facilitation of weight-loss maintenance. Whether these effects are considered minor or major benefits in the present obesogenic context is a matter of individual definition.</p>","PeriodicalId":216,"journal":{"name":"Obesity Reviews","volume":" ","pages":"e13937"},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144075124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}