Sensors and Actuators A-physical最新文献

{"title":"Low-cost environmental-friendly strain sensor and triboelectric nanogenerator based on waste lyocell fabric","authors":"Wei Pan ,&nbsp;Feng-Shuo Jiang ,&nbsp;Shu-Tong Huang ,&nbsp;Gui-Xia Li ,&nbsp;Shu-Lai Huang ,&nbsp;Zi-Han Zhu ,&nbsp;Han Sun ,&nbsp;Yun-Ze Long ,&nbsp;Gui-Feng Yu","doi":"10.1016/j.sna.2025.116541","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sna.2025.116541","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>With the growing demand for wearable electronic devices, high-performance multi-functional fabrics for sensing and power supply are urgently demanded. To achieve environmental sustainability, waste lyocell fabric that made of 100 % natural wood pulp was adopted as starting material to fabricate wearable multifunctional device through carbonization method, which demonstrates superior performance in strain sensing and energy harvesting. Based on the bioinspired system, that spider own a crack-shaped slit sensilla could undergoes instantaneous deformation under tiny external forces system, the carbonized fabric with irregular cracks was accepted as our strain sensor. Not only the subtle strains, but also the higher strains showed remarkable sensitivity. The strain sensor fabricated exhibited a gauge factor of 72.17(R²=97.31 %) when the strain was under 600 %, which may be attributed to synergetic effect of the crack configuration and the package of PDMS. Additionally, the potential application of carbonized fabric as electrode in triboelectric nanogenerator is also demonstrated. Thus, this waste lyocell fabric-based carbon fibers have potentially application toward multifunctional wearable electronics in health and exercise monitors, soft robots, and power sources.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21689,"journal":{"name":"Sensors and Actuators A-physical","volume":"389 ","pages":"Article 116541"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143776308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fabrication of flexible MoS2 sensors for high-performance detection of ethanol vapor at room temperature","authors":"Philips C. Tagbo ,&nbsp;Mohamed Mokhtar Mohamed ,&nbsp;Mohamad M. Ayad ,&nbsp;Ahmed Abd El-Moniem","doi":"10.1016/j.sna.2025.116531","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sna.2025.116531","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Molybdenum disulfide (MoS₂) possesses desirable electrical, mechanical, and physicochemical properties, making it an excellent candidate for developing flexible and high-performance resistive gas sensors that operate at room temperature. However, MoS₂ exhibits limited response to carbon-containing gases, such as volatile organic compounds (VOCs), mainly due to its predominantly inert basal plane and the limited accessibility of active edge sites within its nanosheets. In this context, we propose a facile and effective strategy incorporating defect engineering and inkjet printing for fabricating flexible and high-performance gas sensors based on MoS₂ for room-temperature detection of ethanol vapors. Firstly, a defect-rich 2H MoS₂ was synthesized via low-temperature annealing of hydrothermally synthesized ammonium-intercalated 1<!--> <!-->T MoS₂ nanosheets. It was observed that the introduction of defects induces hierarchical porosity with high-binding energy active sites, facilitating optimal interactions of the sensor’s surface with ethanol molecules and yielding a response of 177% to 70 ppm of ethanol, which is approximately four times greater than that of the defect-free sample. Furthermore, inkjet printing in device fabrication significantly enhanced the gas-sensing performance of the sensor, achieving a response significantly higher than its drop-cast counterpart. The printed sensor recorded an ethanol sensitivity of 4.579 ppm^-1 and a limit of detection (LOD) of 153 ppb. The observed improvement could be linked to the enhanced effective area and micro-nanometer thick sensitive layer of the sensor, achieved via inkjet printing. Overall, this study underscores the synergistic effect of low-temperature induced defect creation and inkjet printing in enhancing the ethanol sensing performance of MoS₂ nanosheets, highlighting a facile strategy for fabricating high-performance flexible MoS₂ gas sensors.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21689,"journal":{"name":"Sensors and Actuators A-physical","volume":"389 ","pages":"Article 116531"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143769352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A gas ionization sensor with a novel pyroelectric lithium niobate crystal as a voltage source","authors":"David King ,&nbsp;Abhinav Ganesh ,&nbsp;Sahana Vinayak ,&nbsp;Mohammadmahdi Faraji ,&nbsp;Marco Martins ,&nbsp;K.B. Vinayakumar ,&nbsp;Tanya Hutter","doi":"10.1016/j.sna.2025.116544","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sna.2025.116544","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Gas ionization sensors (GIS) identify different gases according to their unique breakdown voltages. This work demonstrates the selective sensing of argon, helium, and nitrogen via a GIS based on a lithium niobate (LiNBO₃) pyroelectric crystal (PEC), a novel source of voltage for GIS. The PEC was placed opposite of a detection electrode, enabling the collection of current from gas discharges triggered by thermal cycling. Two types of experiments were performed. In the first, temperature changes from 15 to 30 °C were used to identify the change in temperature required to produce a breakdown. This threshold change in temperature was different for heating and cooling, with the cooling thresholds showing better selectivity to distinguish between the gases. Argon, helium, and nitrogen experienced breakdown in response to the PEC cooling by 17.2, 20.2, and 25.4 °C, respectively. In the second type of experiments, the PEC was thermally cycled for four different changes in temperature while argon, helium, nitrogen, and their binary mixtures were introduced. Results indicated that mixtures with nitrogen underwent selective ionization of the gas with the lower ionization energy, namely, argon or helium. The mixture of argon and helium showed evidence of Penning ionization. GIS based on PECs show the ability to distinguish between different gases, but the variability and response time must be reduced for this approach to be competitive.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21689,"journal":{"name":"Sensors and Actuators A-physical","volume":"389 ","pages":"Article 116544"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143808441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tactile sensing system based on FBG and SA-LSTM","authors":"Chengang Lyu ,&nbsp;Jiangqianyi Dai ,&nbsp;Yanxia Du ,&nbsp;Jianbing Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.sna.2025.116483","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sna.2025.116483","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this paper, we propose a biomimetic tactile sensing system capable of identifying surface roughness and hardness of objects, then we design an experiment to validate its effectiveness. This biomimetic sensing system employs Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) tactile sensing point combined with optical coherence tomography to simultaneously measure stress and vibration dual-modal information. The data collected is analyzed using the SA-LSTM algorithm proposed in this paper, enabling classification of the surface roughness and hardness of the tested objects. We conducted a dual-parameter tactile sensing experiment, measuring six objects with varying degrees of roughness and hardness, creating a multimodal dataset. The experimental results show that the multimodal biomimetic tactile sensing system achieves a classification accuracy of 93.61% for these six objects. Additionally, through modal degradation experiment, we found that both stress and vibration modalities significantly impact the classification accuracy. This demonstrates the effectiveness of the multimodal biomimetic tactile perception system designed in this paper.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21689,"journal":{"name":"Sensors and Actuators A-physical","volume":"388 ","pages":"Article 116483"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143746438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Carbon surface modification of silicon nanowires for sensing application","authors":"Yaroslav Linevych ,&nbsp;Viktoriia Koval ,&nbsp;Mykhailo Dusheiko ,&nbsp;Maryna Lakyda ,&nbsp;Natalia Kavraska ,&nbsp;Valerii Barbash ,&nbsp;Petro Teselko","doi":"10.1016/j.sna.2025.116534","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sna.2025.116534","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The silicon nanowires were produced by a two-step metal-assisted chemical etching (MACE) technique. The surface modification of the SiNWs array with carbon modifiers (fullerene, multiwalled carbon nanotubes, graphene) was carried out by the drop-casting technique. Sensors of physical quantities (temperature, light, and humidity) were obtained on the basis of such hybrid structures. The surface morphology of the modified SiNWs array was investigated by atomic force microscopy. Chemical analysis of the hybrid structures was performed by X-ray diffraction and X-ray fluorescence analysis. The effect of the modification parameters (type and content of the modifier) of the SiNWs array on two different substrates (with a resistivity of 1 and 10 Ω·cm) on the static and dynamic parameters of such sensors was determined. In particular, the maximum response value for temperature sensors was 22.7·10³, and the response/recovery time was 0.15/0.74 s, respectively. For the light sensors, the maximum response value was 98, and the response/recovery time was 0.018/0.06 s, respectively. In turn, the maximum response value for humidity sensors was 19, and the response/recovery time was 11.5/3.3 s, respectively. These sensors can be used for complex monitoring of human health and technological processes in industry.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21689,"journal":{"name":"Sensors and Actuators A-physical","volume":"389 ","pages":"Article 116534"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143776305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Design of a miniature high-precision anemorumbograph based on thermal field distribution","authors":"Feihu Song ,&nbsp;Xinyu Xia ,&nbsp;Pingyue Gu ,&nbsp;Xiaodong Shen ,&nbsp;Li Liu ,&nbsp;Chonggao Sun","doi":"10.1016/j.sna.2025.116538","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sna.2025.116538","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Anemorumbograph has been widely utilized in aerospace, aviation, and meteorological monitoring. To achieve the portability and the miniaturization, the design of an anemorumbograph was presented in this research, which was based on fluid dynamics simulation and experimental validation. Firstly, the temperature fields on a plane under different flow conditions were analyzed with FLUENT. Therefore eight NTC thermistors around the central resistance wire were arranged on the sensor surface. Secondly, the responses of the eight NTC thermistors under the winds with various speeds and directions were recorded. Also the effect of the environmental temperature on the thermistors response was illustrated. Then an algorithm based on third-order Fourier series fitting and environmental temperature correction was proposed. Experimental validation with a manufactured sensor PCB with a size of 20 mm in diameter and a power consumption of 0.635 W. Anemorumbograph based on thermal field distribution was also performed through wind tunnel tests. The results demonstrated that the detection range of wind speed was 1–30 m/s ± (0.5 +0.03 v) m/s, and the detection range of wind direction was 0–360° with an accuracy of ± 5°. The sensor has good linearity within ambient temperature range of −10–40 ℃.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21689,"journal":{"name":"Sensors and Actuators A-physical","volume":"389 ","pages":"Article 116538"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143783521","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An optical-control lateral synaptic device based on WO3-x:Ti for visual memory","authors":"Zilong Chen ,&nbsp;Mutan Luo ,&nbsp;Zhaowei Zhu ,&nbsp;Hong Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.sna.2025.116530","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sna.2025.116530","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Being the core of artificial intelligence, artificial neural network faithfully needs to screen and learn miscellaneous information more intelligently. Therefore, in the near future, there will be a need for large-scale integration of corresponding sensor devices. Here, we demonstrate the instinct volatility of WO_3-x:Ti optical synaptic device with two-terminal lateral structure. The photocurrent-dependency device was characterized by the memory features, because it has the similar physical dynamic process with biological synapses such as spike-rate-dependent-plasticity (SRDP), paired-pulse facilitation (PPF), short-term memory (STM) and long-term memory (LTM)). In order to realize the tunable and reconfigurable synaptic circuits for brain-inspired artificial intelligent or visual memory arrays, Modified National Institute of Standards and Technology (MNIST) database simulation was operated for evaluating the WO_3-x:Ti -based neural networks, and a considerable recognition rate of 75 % is feasible. This study possibly provide a reliable device for the large-scale scalability of the next-generation artificial visual synapses.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21689,"journal":{"name":"Sensors and Actuators A-physical","volume":"389 ","pages":"Article 116530"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143769354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation of geometric parameters on the performance of MEMS calorimetric wall shear stress sensors using numerical and experimental approaches","authors":"Léo Chamard ,&nbsp;Baptiste Baradel ,&nbsp;Julien Weiss ,&nbsp;Philippe Combette ,&nbsp;Alain Giani","doi":"10.1016/j.sna.2025.116528","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sna.2025.116528","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Fluid flow over surfaces is a fundamental phenomenon in various engineering applications, where the determination of wall shear stress plays a crucial role. Calorimetric wall shear stress sensors, based on micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS) technology, offer promising solutions for wall flow conditions due to their ability to detect flow direction and fluctuations in wall shear stress with high temporal resolution. This paper presents a comprehensive investigation into the influence of geometric parameters on the performance of calorimetric wall shear stress sensors. Both experimental and numerical methodologies are employed to explore parameters such as the distance between detectors and heaters and the size of the cavity. Numerical simulations demonstrate the effects of inter-beam distance on measurement range and sensitivity, highlighting trade-offs between enhanced range and potential sensitivity compromise. Additionally, the influence of cavity size, particularly depth, on sensor sensitivity is elucidated, with optimal sensitivity observed at depths exceeding 100 µm. Experimental studies corroborate numerical findings, providing valuable insights into practical sensor behavior. Furthermore, the study compares sensors with different cavity shapes, offering insights for sensor design and fabrication. Overall, this investigation enhances our understanding of calorimetric wall shear stress sensors and their potential applications in engineering contexts, guiding future research and development efforts in sensor technology.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21689,"journal":{"name":"Sensors and Actuators A-physical","volume":"389 ","pages":"Article 116528"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143776312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Underwater reconfigurable robot based on modular piezoelectric jet unit","authors":"Lu Zhang ,&nbsp;Mengfei Lv ,&nbsp;Haoyang Fan ,&nbsp;Xiaoxue Zhao ,&nbsp;Tianyu Yang ,&nbsp;Kai Li","doi":"10.1016/j.sna.2025.116526","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sna.2025.116526","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Underwater organisms have important research value in the fields of biology and medicine, but the existing underwater vehicles are not competent for the task of capturing underwater organisms. Therefore, we design a reconfigurable Transformers robot, which uses bait with anesthetics to trap underwater organisms. Robot has the hunting form of trapping organisms and the submerged form of transporting organisms. Transformers robot is designed by six modular piezoelectric jet driving units (MPJDU) connected by hinges, and the required form can be realized through cooperative driving of multi-module. The design of the MPJDU is inspired by the jet propulsion of marine organisms, which has the advantages of miniature structure and high-pressure resistance. In order to realize efficient propulsion of the MPJDU, its vibration characteristics and propulsion principle are studied by simulation methods. Relevant experiments are carried out to test its motion performance and verify the correctness of the simulation results. The experimental results show that the linear speed of the MPJDU reaches 9.14 cm/s, and it can move flexibly under 20 MPa high pressure environment. The robot in submerged form completed a variety of movements, which proves that Transformers robot is an excellent performer of underwater organisms capture missions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21689,"journal":{"name":"Sensors and Actuators A-physical","volume":"388 ","pages":"Article 116526"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143735336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gallic acid-tailored conducting polymer hydrogel with high performance for flexible sensor","authors":"Xinjian Zheng ,&nbsp;Qiao Zhang ,&nbsp;Xianghua Yu ,&nbsp;Huabo Huang ,&nbsp;Jiayou Ji ,&nbsp;Liang Li","doi":"10.1016/j.sna.2025.116500","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sna.2025.116500","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Conducting hydrogels have gained great interest in the applications of flexible sensors, soft electronics, and health monitoring. However, the poor processability, limited reusability, and easy aggregation of conducting components significantly constrain the widespread implementation of traditional conducting hydrogels. Herein, the homogeneous conducting hydrogels based on polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and polyaniline (PANI) are tailored with cheap and natural gallic acid (GA) for flexible sensors. The optimized hydrogel exhibits good mechanical properties, with a tensile strength of 1.61 MPa at a maximum elongation of 344 %, Young's modulus of 0.24 MPa, and toughness of 2.36 MJ m⁻³, as well as long-term stability and reusability. The flexible sensor assembled with the as-prepared hydrogels demonstrated the desirable properties with a competitive gauge factor, sensing stability, and fast responsiveness. Therefore, the satisfactory performances enable it to monitor and distinguish different multi-scale human motions. This work fosters a PVA/PANI hydrogel platform tailored with GA, paving the way for the development of high-performance conducting hydrogels and applications in flexible electronics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21689,"journal":{"name":"Sensors and Actuators A-physical","volume":"388 ","pages":"Article 116500"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143746442","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}