Sensors and Actuators A-physical最新文献_第5页

Platelet graphene nanofiber growth on rice husk-sourced SiO2-coated substrates and their behavior in PVA-based temperature sensing devices 稻壳源sio2包覆基底上血小板石墨烯纳米纤维的生长及其在聚乙烯醇基温度传感器件中的行为

IF 4.1 3区工程技术

Sensors and Actuators A-physical Pub Date : 2025-05-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.sna.2025.116657

Kauê Rigolo , Filipe Suzuki R , Dhivakar Rajendran , Olfa Kanoun , José Mauricio Rosolen

{"title":"Platelet graphene nanofiber growth on rice husk-sourced SiO2-coated substrates and their behavior in PVA-based temperature sensing devices","authors":"Kauê Rigolo , Filipe Suzuki R , Dhivakar Rajendran , Olfa Kanoun , José Mauricio Rosolen","doi":"10.1016/j.sna.2025.116657","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sna.2025.116657","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Platelet graphene nanofibers (PGNFs) with diameter ranging from a few nanometers to several hundred nanometers and length extending into the micrometer scale were grown on rice husk-derived C-SiO<sub>2</sub> via chemical vapor deposition (CVD) in the presence of a Co/Mn catalyst and ethanol vapor at 650 °C. At this temperature, PGNF formation was sensitive to the carbon concentration in the growth atmosphere. The Co/Mn catalyst, the growth atmosphere, and the C-SiO<sub>2</sub> surface determined PGNF formation. The C-SiO<sub>2</sub>/PGNF micro/nanostructured composite material was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The material was incorporated into polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), and PVA-C-SiO<sub>2</sub>/PGNF discs with diameter of 7 mm were placed on Ag/Kapton foil electrodes to create temperature sensors. The temperature coefficient of resistance (TCR) of the sensors depended on the PGNF concentration and ranged from −0.66 to −0.41 %/°C for 5 wt% C-SiO<sub>2</sub>/PGNFs and 0.5 wt% C-SiO<sub>2</sub>/PGNFs, respectively. On the basis of these results, C-SiO<sub>2</sub>/PGNFs can serve as an alternative additive to develop PVA-based plastic temperature sensors with enhanced thermal stability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21689,"journal":{"name":"Sensors and Actuators A-physical","volume":"391 ","pages":"Article 116657"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143912207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Performance-driven visible light sensor for indoor georeferenced positioning 用于室内地理参考定位的性能驱动可见光传感器

IF 4.1 3区工程技术

Sensors and Actuators A-physical Pub Date : 2025-05-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.sna.2025.116612

Rubén Gil Vera, Álvaro De-La-Llana-Calvo, José Luis Lázaro Galilea, Ignacio Bravo Muñoz, Alfredo Gardel Vicente

{"title":"Performance-driven visible light sensor for indoor georeferenced positioning","authors":"Rubén Gil Vera, Álvaro De-La-Llana-Calvo, José Luis Lázaro Galilea, Ignacio Bravo Muñoz, Alfredo Gardel Vicente","doi":"10.1016/j.sna.2025.116612","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sna.2025.116612","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper presents the design and performance evaluation of a visible light sensor tailored for transmitting georeferenced information from light-emitting lamps. A detailed analysis of the IEEE 802.15.7 visible light communication (VLC) standard protocol is carried out, followed by the design and description of a novel custom communication protocol specifically optimized for this application. Unlike existing solutions, which often rely on external databases for georeferenced data retrieval, the proposed protocol enables real-time transmission and localization of information directly through the VLC channel, eliminating the need for additional infrastructure and reducing system complexity. A comparative analysis of theoretical simulations for widely used modulation schemes, including On-Off Keying (OOK), Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM), Binary Phase Shift Keying (BPSK), and Frequency Shift Keying (FSK), was conducted in terms of Bit Error Rate (BER) across varying CNR conditions. The findings indicate that BPSK and FSK offer the best trade-off between implementation simplicity and noise resilience, with BPSK demonstrating superior performance, particularly in scenarios with high noise levels. Conversely, FSK emerges as a viable, low-cost alternative for moderate-noise environments. Experimental tests with light-emitting diodes (LEDs) of different wattage ratings provided insights into the system’s practical performance under real-world conditions, validating theoretical and simulation results. By integrating LEDs of varying wattages into the evaluation process, this study highlights the system’s adaptability to different light sources and noise conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21689,"journal":{"name":"Sensors and Actuators A-physical","volume":"391 ","pages":"Article 116612"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143894717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

An internal real-time microscopic monitoring and diagnostic tool for improved proton battery stacks 一种用于改进质子电池组的内部实时显微监测和诊断工具

IF 4.1 3区工程技术

Sensors and Actuators A-physical Pub Date : 2025-05-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.sna.2025.116608

Chi-Yuan Lee , Chia-Hung Chen , Li-Hsing Fang , Chia-Te Hung , Lung-Jieh Yang , Chin-Yuan Yang , Chih-Sheng Yu

{"title":"An internal real-time microscopic monitoring and diagnostic tool for improved proton battery stacks","authors":"Chi-Yuan Lee , Chia-Hung Chen , Li-Hsing Fang , Chia-Te Hung , Lung-Jieh Yang , Chin-Yuan Yang , Chih-Sheng Yu","doi":"10.1016/j.sna.2025.116608","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sna.2025.116608","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Proton batteries have brought new research directions in the field of fuel cells and energy storage. Although our R&D team has developed a prototype of the proton battery stack, there are still some problems to be solved, such as leakage and unstable power generation. In addition, simultaneously and accurately measuring multiple key physical parameters inside a proton battery stack remains challenging. The present measurement methods are external or single parameters, that has become a limiting factor. These parameters (voltage, current, temperature, flow, humidity, pressure, oxygen and hydrogen) significantly affect the performance, life and safety of the proton battery stack. To address these challenges, this study developed a micro hydrogen sensor using the Micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) technology, which was integrated with the previously developed seven-in-one microsensor, the mask and layout were re-designed to increase the number of microsensors, which were combined with a Flexible Printed Circuit (FPC). Finally, the development of a flexible eight-in-one microsensor was completed, so as to improve the output and overall operating efficiency of the microsensor, and provide a reliable internal multi-parameter real-time microscopic monitoring and diagnostic tool for the development of proton battery stacks.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21689,"journal":{"name":"Sensors and Actuators A-physical","volume":"391 ","pages":"Article 116608"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143902510","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Underwater motion of PNIPAM-PEGDA bilayer miniature robot driven by photo-magnetics 光磁驱动PNIPAM-PEGDA双层微型机器人的水下运动

IF 4.1 3区工程技术

Sensors and Actuators A-physical Pub Date : 2025-05-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.sna.2025.116637

Xiaowen Wang , Yingnan Gao , Changyou Liu , Yaping Wang , Anqin Liu , Wenguang Yang

引用次数: 0

Highly selective and sensitive chemiresistive NO₂ sensor using reduced graphene oxide/metal-base porphyrin composite 采用还原氧化石墨烯/金属基卟啉复合材料的高选择性和敏感的化学电阻NO₂传感器

IF 4.1 3区工程技术

Sensors and Actuators A-physical Pub Date : 2025-04-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.sna.2025.116628

Yogita A. Waghmare , Nikesh N. Ingle , Meng-Lin Tsai , Tibor Hianik , Mahendra D. Shirsat

{"title":"Highly selective and sensitive chemiresistive NO₂ sensor using reduced graphene oxide/metal-base porphyrin composite","authors":"Yogita A. Waghmare , Nikesh N. Ingle , Meng-Lin Tsai , Tibor Hianik , Mahendra D. Shirsat","doi":"10.1016/j.sna.2025.116628","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sna.2025.116628","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Prolonged exposure to nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) poses significant risks to human health, including respiratory and cardiovascular diseases. To address this challenge, we developed a high-performance sensor device utilizing the metal-based porphyrin 5,10,15,20-Tetraphenyl-21H,23H-porphine manganese (III) chloride (Mn-TPP) as a functional modifier for reduced graphene oxide (rGO). This composite material capitalizes on its exceptional chemiresistive properties for the effective detection of NO₂. Graphene oxide (GO) was synthesized using the Hummers method and thermally reduced to produce rGO. Mn-TPP was subsequently functionalized onto rGO to form the composite, which was thoroughly characterized using structural (XRD), spectroscopic (FTIR, UV-Vis, Raman), electrical (I-V), and morphological (AFM) methods to validate its composition and properties. A simple drop-casting method was employed to fabricate the sensor device on a copper-coated microelectrodes at glass substrate. The sensor exhibited outstanding real-time performance for NO₂ detection at room temperature (24ºC), achieving a notable limit of detection (LOD) of 1 ppm. Additionally, it demonstrated rapid response and recovery times of 31 s and 20 s, respectively. The sensor also showcased excellent stability over 50 days, along with high repeatability and reproducibility, establishing it as a promising candidate for practical NO₂ gas sensing applications in environmental monitoring, industrial safety, and public health management.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21689,"journal":{"name":"Sensors and Actuators A-physical","volume":"391 ","pages":"Article 116628"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143907624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Skin temperature as a marker of human health in the Northwest Indian scenario 在西北印度情景中，皮肤温度作为人类健康的标志

IF 4.1 3区工程技术

Sensors and Actuators A-physical Pub Date : 2025-04-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.sna.2025.116640

Saket Sanjay Phadkule , Hossam Haick , Shrutidhara Sarma

{"title":"Skin temperature as a marker of human health in the Northwest Indian scenario","authors":"Saket Sanjay Phadkule , Hossam Haick , Shrutidhara Sarma","doi":"10.1016/j.sna.2025.116640","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sna.2025.116640","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study introduces a flexible skin thermometer for personalized body temperature monitoring, enabling continuous measurement and offering advantages over conventional mouth-based techniques that are limited to point-in-time readings. Such personalization is critical for medical applications, particularly in environments with varying climatic conditions. Our in-house developed flexible thermometer FLEXTEM provides continuous real-time temperature readings, can be used on different body sites (such as forehead and forearm), and adapts to diverse physiological and environmental factors. In a novel study involving ∼470 individuals from Rajasthan, a region characterized by extreme seasonal variations, FLEXTEM was tested alongside standard digital and infrared thermometers, to examine the influence of environmental (such as ambient temperature) and physiological (such as gender) factors on body temperature. Based on the findings, normal body temperature ranges were established for different demographic groups based on gender and work conditions. However, defining ranges based on health status was constrained by the smaller sample size. Our research highlights the potential of flexible skin-based thermometers for tailored health assessments and demonstrates how environmental factors can lead to variations in body temperature ranges.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21689,"journal":{"name":"Sensors and Actuators A-physical","volume":"391 ","pages":"Article 116640"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143899691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Breathable artificial magnetic conductor with ground-grid structure for shielding wearable antenna sensors 用于屏蔽可穿戴天线传感器的地网结构透气人工磁体

IF 4.1 3区工程技术

Sensors and Actuators A-physical Pub Date : 2025-04-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.sna.2025.116607

Tauseef Hussain, Raúl Fernández-García, Ignacio Gil

{"title":"Breathable artificial magnetic conductor with ground-grid structure for shielding wearable antenna sensors","authors":"Tauseef Hussain, Raúl Fernández-García, Ignacio Gil","doi":"10.1016/j.sna.2025.116607","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sna.2025.116607","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper presents a breathable ground-grid based artificial magnetic conductor (GG-AMC) designed to shield wearable antenna sensors while maintaining user comfort. Unlike traditional AMCs with solid ground planes, the proposed GG-AMC employs an inductive grid structure that reduces ground metallization by up to 60%, significantly improving air permeability. The design achieves over 30% unit-cell miniaturization and nearly doubles the 90-degree reflection phase bandwidth, reaching 1.25 GHz, compared to the baseline solid-ground AMC configuration. An equivalent circuit model is developed to analyze the reflection characteristics, including resonance frequency and phase behavior. Moreover, the GG-AMC is fabricated using an embroidery technique, and its performance is characterized with dipole antennas using a vector network analyzer and an electric field intensity meter. The results of the shielding analysis demonstrate a 62% reduction in electric field intensity and a 58% decrease in Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) when the ground-grid AMC is positioned behind the dipole antennas, along with an approximate 4 dB improvement in their directivity. These findings establish the GG-AMC as a promising solution for wearable antenna sensors, offering a practical balance between electromagnetic performance and wearability. Therefore, the proposed structure is well-suited for body-centric antenna platforms that prioritize both safety and user comfort.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21689,"journal":{"name":"Sensors and Actuators A-physical","volume":"391 ","pages":"Article 116607"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143894718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Flexible temperature sensors based on optimized paper/Cu/Al2O3 and graphene/PVDF composite sensing layers 基于优化纸/Cu/Al2O3和石墨烯/PVDF复合传感层的柔性温度传感器

IF 4.1 3区工程技术

Sensors and Actuators A-physical Pub Date : 2025-04-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.sna.2025.116653

Pengfei Zhao, Jijun Ding, Haixia Chen, Haiwei Fu

{"title":"Flexible temperature sensors based on optimized paper/Cu/Al2O3 and graphene/PVDF composite sensing layers","authors":"Pengfei Zhao, Jijun Ding, Haixia Chen, Haiwei Fu","doi":"10.1016/j.sna.2025.116653","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sna.2025.116653","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Wearable devices have great potential for development in the fields of human health detection and human-computer interaction due to its flexibility and portability. In this work, Firstly, the resistance response performance of paper/Cu/Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> to temperature is optimized by changing the sputtering time of Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>. Combining the resistance change and stability after one month, paper/Cu/Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> films with 1 min Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> layer is selected. Then, temperature sensor based on optimized paper/Cu/Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> and graphene/PVDF composite temperature-sensitive layers is fabricated. The sensor shows negative temperature coefficient, high temperature response and stability, which provides significant advantages in the field of temperature monitoring. The fastest response/recovery time of the sensor is 1.4 s and 10.48 s respectively, which is fast and reliable in capturing the temperature changes and thus has the capability of real-time temperature monitoring. Another outstanding feature of the sensor is its high linearity to temperature fluctuations (R<sup>2</sup> =0.947). This feature suggests that the sensor enables real-time resistance-temperature interaction. In addition, its practical applications will be explored. The sensor can quickly sense the temperature of fingers, hot water, and working mobile phones. At the same time, the excellent performance of the sensor enables it to achieve the function of illuminating the LED. It lays the foundation for the application of temperature sensors in flexible wearable device applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21689,"journal":{"name":"Sensors and Actuators A-physical","volume":"391 ","pages":"Article 116653"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143891735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Development of a disposable Silicone–Graphite composite strain sensor for soft robotics applications 软机器人用一次性硅石墨复合应变传感器的研制

IF 4.1 3区工程技术

Sensors and Actuators A-physical Pub Date : 2025-04-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.sna.2025.116527

Ö. Gökalp Akcan , M. Mahmoud Gaber , Eray A. Baran , Y. Dağhan Gökdel

{"title":"Development of a disposable Silicone–Graphite composite strain sensor for soft robotics applications","authors":"Ö. Gökalp Akcan , M. Mahmoud Gaber , Eray A. Baran , Y. Dağhan Gökdel","doi":"10.1016/j.sna.2025.116527","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sna.2025.116527","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This work proposes a disposable and flexible strain sensor based on Silicone–graphite composite as an alternative method for strain sensing applications in soft robotic systems. Flexible piezoresistive materials have emerged as a promising class of sensors due to their exceptional ability to convert mechanical loads into electrical output responses. For this purpose, a sensing structure is fabricated using low-cost, disposable, and easy-to-fabricate materials, with graphite powder of particle size 16-<span><math><mrow><mn>60</mn><mspace></mspace><mi>μ</mi><mi>m</mi></mrow></math></span> and Silicone being chosen as the main fabrication materials. Therefore, an innovative material composed of Silicone and graphite is introduced, functioning as a flexible strain sensor. The sensor is formed in a bone-shaped clamped–clamped beam with a rectangular cross-sectional area (4 × 3 mm). A simple electronic read-out circuitry is also implemented into the system. The proposed flexible strain sensor structure is shown to be capable of measuring a force resolution of 0.22292 mN. The minimum detectable force of the implemented sensor is 0.86 N, with a sensitivity of 1.9975 mV/(mN mV). The resolution of the sensor in terms of the normalized voltage change corresponding to the generated strain ratio is denoted as 3.81<span><math><mo>×</mo></math></span>10<span><math><msup><mrow></mrow><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>5</mn></mrow></msup></math></span> (V/V), and the minimum detectable strain ratio is 2<span><math><mo>×</mo></math></span>10<span><math><msup><mrow></mrow><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>5</mn></mrow></msup></math></span>, with a sensitivity of 2.6926 (V/V)/(<span><math><mi>Δ</mi></math></span>L/L). Finally, it is reported that the sensor exhibits a stretchability ratio of approximately 33<span><math><mtext>%</mtext></math></span>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21689,"journal":{"name":"Sensors and Actuators A-physical","volume":"391 ","pages":"Article 116527"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143903546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Resistive sensor for tetradecane and H2S based on SnO2 nanoparticles 基于SnO2纳米颗粒的十四烷和H2S电阻传感器

IF 4.1 3区工程技术

Sensors and Actuators A-physical Pub Date : 2025-04-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.sna.2025.116635

Shubhranil Kundu , Mrittika Sarkar , Jyothis Shaji , Ruma Ghosh

{"title":"Resistive sensor for tetradecane and H2S based on SnO2 nanoparticles","authors":"Shubhranil Kundu , Mrittika Sarkar , Jyothis Shaji , Ruma Ghosh","doi":"10.1016/j.sna.2025.116635","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sna.2025.116635","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The development of sensors for the detection of vapor biomarkers is emerging as a promising alternative for disease diagnosis. However, these sensors are needed to be developed for the volatile organic compounds (VOC) which are more specific to the diseases and should be portable, cost-effective, and simple to use for them to be deployed redundantly and be taken home. This work focuses on developing a tin dioxide (SnO<sub>2)</sub> nanoparticles-based resistive sensor for tetradecane, which is a biomarker of lung cancer, and hydrogen sulphide (H<sub>2</sub>S), which is a biomarker of hepatocellular carcinoma. Nanostructured SnO<sub>2</sub> was synthesized using a hydrothermal method. The morphology of SnO<sub>2</sub> was ensured to be nanoparticles using a field emission scanning electron microscope and its crystal structure was confirmed to be tetragonal with a crystallite size of 17.16 nm using an X-ray diffractometer. Next, the SnO<sub>2</sub> nanoparticle-based sensor was tested for 0.9–19 parts per million (ppm) of both tetradecane and H<sub>2</sub>S at 250°C, which was found to be the optimum operating temperature of the sensor for both the VOCs. The sensor response ranged from 1.08–31.5 % and 0.45–9.1 % for 0.9–19 ppm of tetradecane and H<sub>2</sub>S, respectively. The SnO<sub>2</sub> nanoparticle was found to be highly selective for the target gases when tested with methanol, ethanol, acetone, and ammonia but the response of the sensor overlapped across different concentrations of the two target gases. Hence, a simple algorithm using response, response time, and recovery time was devised to predict the two target VOCs accurately.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21689,"journal":{"name":"Sensors and Actuators A-physical","volume":"391 ","pages":"Article 116635"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143891734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0