Sensors and Actuators A-physical最新文献

Chitosan/citric acid modified laser induced graphene self-powered sensor: Achieving non-contact humidity monitoring using ionic gradients 壳聚糖/柠檬酸修饰激光诱导石墨烯自供电传感器：利用离子梯度实现非接触湿度监测

IF 4.9 3区工程技术

Sensors and Actuators A-physical Pub Date : 2025-10-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.sna.2025.117126

Weijie Liu , Aoxun Liang , Meihong Yao , Dengying Zhang , Bao Song , Haoqing Li , Xueye Chen , Fuqiang Sun , Da Li , Xuzhe Han , Changtong Yao

{"title":"Chitosan/citric acid modified laser induced graphene self-powered sensor: Achieving non-contact humidity monitoring using ionic gradients","authors":"Weijie Liu , Aoxun Liang , Meihong Yao , Dengying Zhang , Bao Song , Haoqing Li , Xueye Chen , Fuqiang Sun , Da Li , Xuzhe Han , Changtong Yao","doi":"10.1016/j.sna.2025.117126","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sna.2025.117126","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In recent years, non-contact wearable humidity sensors have become increasingly important in the monitoring of human respiratory health. However, there are challenges in manufacturing high-performance, convenient, and energy-saving sensors at a low cost. This paper proposes a wearable self-powered humidity sensor based on a chitosan/citric acid-laser-induced graphene (CS/CA-LIG) composite film and simulating a primary battery through a sandwich structure. The upper film absorbs water molecules in the air, and protons in the film diffuse downward driven by the humidity difference. In addition, the mechanism of how zinc/copper electrodes increase the current output performance relying on the redox potential difference is explored, so as to convert the chemical/electrochemical potential generated by humidity gradients and chemical energy into electrical energy, and thus generate electricity through humidity. The proposed self-powered humidity sensor exhibits high sensitivity and response speed when sensing different air humidities. Meanwhile, the proposed CS/CA-LIG sensor has a wide humidity sensing response in the range of 11 %–98 % RH, with a sensitivity of S = 2.01 mV/RH%. We attach the sensor to a mask in a non-contact form to monitor the breathing situation, and also attach it to some parts of the body to monitor the breathing state. By monitoring the amplitude and frequency of its electrical signals, some health conditions of the human body can be sensed. Therefore, this study provides valuable references for non-contact self-powered sensors and is of great significance in the fields of energy issues and medical health sensors.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21689,"journal":{"name":"Sensors and Actuators A-physical","volume":"396 ","pages":"Article 117126"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145223084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Piezoelectric composite films for real-time foot strike detection and energy generation 用于实时足部撞击检测和能量生成的压电复合薄膜

IF 4.9 3区工程技术

Sensors and Actuators A-physical Pub Date : 2025-10-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.sna.2025.117128

Phakakorn Panpho , Thitirat Charoonsuk , Naratip Vittayakorn , Nipaphat Charoenthai , Theerachai Bongkarn , Rattiphorn Sumang

{"title":"Piezoelectric composite films for real-time foot strike detection and energy generation","authors":"Phakakorn Panpho , Thitirat Charoonsuk , Naratip Vittayakorn , Nipaphat Charoenthai , Theerachai Bongkarn , Rattiphorn Sumang","doi":"10.1016/j.sna.2025.117128","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sna.2025.117128","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Energy harvesting technology integrated into running shoes enables the conversion of mechanical energy from foot strikes into electrical signals for real-time monitoring. This approach enhances running efficiency, reduces injury risk, and eliminates the need for external power sources. In this study, composite films combining lead-free piezoelectric ceramics (KNNS-BNZ-xBF) with PDMS were developed for efficient energy harvesting and accurate detection of foot-strike patterns. XRD analysis revealed a broad R–O–T phase coexistence zone (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.006) and a transition to an R–T phase boundary for x > 0.006, with reduced grain size as xBF increased. The sample with xBF = 0.006 mol.% showed optimal electrical properties and was selected for composite film fabrication. Electrical output increased with ceramic loading, reaching maximum open-circuit voltage (V<sub>OC</sub>) and short-circuit current (I<sub>SC</sub>) at 18 wt% KBB due to enhanced piezoelectric response and uniform particle dispersion. The films, mounted on running shoe soles, successfully detected different foot-strike patterns (heel strike, midfoot, and forefoot). This system demonstrates strong potential for wearable sensors in athletic monitoring and injury prevention.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21689,"journal":{"name":"Sensors and Actuators A-physical","volume":"396 ","pages":"Article 117128"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145223086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Advanced microbridge structure for reduced thermal conductivity in uncooled infrared microbolometers 用于降低非冷却红外微辐射热计导热系数的先进微桥结构

IF 4.9 3区工程技术

Sensors and Actuators A-physical Pub Date : 2025-09-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.sna.2025.117102

Yan Zhao , Zirui Yang , Chengchen Gao , Zhenchuan Yang

{"title":"Advanced microbridge structure for reduced thermal conductivity in uncooled infrared microbolometers","authors":"Yan Zhao , Zirui Yang , Chengchen Gao , Zhenchuan Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.sna.2025.117102","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sna.2025.117102","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The recent advancement of microbolometers, as a representative uncooled thermal sensing technology, has significantly promoted the development of low cost infrared imaging systems for both military and commercial applications. In this work, we experimentally demonstrated an uncooled infrared bridge microbolometer using beams with constant strength (BCS) design that simultaneously achieves low thermal conductivity and high mechanical integrity. A comprehensive analytical model is established to optimize the stress distribution along the supporting beams, yielding a reduced standard deviation of maximum first principal stress to 5.5 MPa and 13.7 MPa for single-layer and multi-layer configurations, respectively. Numerical simulations further address the analytical approximations and refine these results, lowering the stress variation to 4.997 MPa in the multi-layer beams. Experimental validation of the BCS design demonstrated a 3.53-fold improvement in readout voltage under vacuum compared to conventional constant-width beams, achieving a responsivity of 1.4 × 10<sup>5</sup> V/W. This work demonstrates enhanced responsivity of BCS geometry in microbolometer design, offering a promising route for thermal conductivity management and structural optimization methodologies in next-generation complex infrared sensing systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21689,"journal":{"name":"Sensors and Actuators A-physical","volume":"395 ","pages":"Article 117102"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145220047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A high-performance BaTiO3/Ag/BP-based plasmonic biosensor for label-free detection of cancer biomarkers 基于BaTiO3/Ag/ bp的高性能等离子体生物传感器，用于无标记检测癌症生物标志物

IF 4.9 3区工程技术

Sensors and Actuators A-physical Pub Date : 2025-09-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.sna.2025.117121

Arnab Saha, Md Tawabur Rahman, Biswajit Dey

{"title":"A high-performance BaTiO3/Ag/BP-based plasmonic biosensor for label-free detection of cancer biomarkers","authors":"Arnab Saha, Md Tawabur Rahman, Biswajit Dey","doi":"10.1016/j.sna.2025.117121","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sna.2025.117121","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cancer remains a major global health challenge, emphasizing the need for early and accurate detection to improve treatment outcomes and survival rates. Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) biosensors have gained popularity as advanced diagnostic tools, offering label-free and real-time detection with high sensitivity to changes in the refractive index (RI) of biological specimens. In this work, we propose a multilayer SPR biosensor based on a BK<sub>7</sub>/BaTiO<sub>3</sub>/Ag/black phosphorus (BP) structure, designed using the Kretschmann configuration to enhance performance and biocompatibility. The optical response of the biosensor was first evaluated using the Transfer Matrix Method (TMM) and subsequently compared to Finite-Difference Time-Domain (FDTD) simulations to ensure accuracy and reliability. Optimization results showed that a structure comprising 35 nm of BaTiO<sub>3</sub>, 50 nm of Ag, and five BP layers delivers enhanced sensing performance. In practical applications, the biosensor successfully distinguished various cancer cell types based on their unique RI values, with a peak sensitivity of 417.86°/RIU for MCF-7 cells (breast cancer type II). Additionally, the biosensor reached a peak QF of 109.29 RIU<sup>−1</sup> and a DA of 2.33, confirming reliable performance. With its strong linearity across a broad RI range (1.335–1.405) and compatibility with standard fabrication techniques, the proposed biosensor offers a scalable, non-invasive solution for early-stage cancer diagnostics and high-throughput clinical screening.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21689,"journal":{"name":"Sensors and Actuators A-physical","volume":"396 ","pages":"Article 117121"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145223087","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A low-energy-dissipating hydrogel-based capacitive sensor for therapeutic pressure monitoring 一种用于治疗性压力监测的低能量耗散水凝胶电容式传感器

IF 4.9 3区工程技术

Sensors and Actuators A-physical Pub Date : 2025-09-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.sna.2025.117119

Min Chen, Sadegh Ghorbanzadeh, Wei Zhang

引用次数: 0

Triboelectric nanogenerator and micro thermoelectric generator−based self-powered ice weight monitoring on transmission lines 基于摩擦纳米发电机和微热电发电机的输电线路自供电冰重监测

IF 4.9 3区工程技术

Sensors and Actuators A-physical Pub Date : 2025-09-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.sna.2025.117112

Yingli Lu, Changxin Liu, Yi Wang, Zhijie Hao, Jiaming Zhang, Yunchi Xie, Mingyu Lu

{"title":"Triboelectric nanogenerator and micro thermoelectric generator−based self-powered ice weight monitoring on transmission lines","authors":"Yingli Lu, Changxin Liu, Yi Wang, Zhijie Hao, Jiaming Zhang, Yunchi Xie, Mingyu Lu","doi":"10.1016/j.sna.2025.117112","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sna.2025.117112","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Transmission line icing in mountainous, high-latitude, and coastal regions poses serious threats to grid reliability by increasing conductor stress and causing tower failures or outages. Conventional monitoring approaches are limited by poor adaptability, low sensitivity, and reliance on external power sources. This study presents a self-powered ice weight monitoring method based on triboelectric nanogenerators (TENG) and micro thermoelectric generators (MTEG). A TENG-based ice weight sensing model and an MTEG thermal energy harvesting model are developed, and a prototype integrating MP-TENG, MTEG, signal processing, and energy management units is implemented. Experimental results demonstrate that MP-TENG accurately detects ice weight from 0 to 150 g with a maximum error of 1.26 % and measures growth rates of 0.01–0.8 mm/s with a maximum error of 2.34 %. Durability tests over 30,000 cycles show performance attenuation below 5 %. The MTEG achieves 1.2 V and 140 mA at 90 °C, providing 168 mW, sufficient to power the entire system for energy storage. The integrated system maintains a maximum error of 2.35 % across 50 repeated experiments, realizing continuous, high-precision, self-sustained ice weight monitoring. This work demonstrates a robust, fully autonomous sensing strategy for transmission line icing, combining high-accuracy measurement and sustainable energy harvesting, and provides a promising solution for smart grid applications in extreme environments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21689,"journal":{"name":"Sensors and Actuators A-physical","volume":"395 ","pages":"Article 117112"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145220130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Fixed-time anti-windup sliding-mode-tracking controller for piezoelectric motion stages 压电运动平台的定时抗卷绕滑模跟踪控制器

IF 4.9 3区工程技术

Sensors and Actuators A-physical Pub Date : 2025-09-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.sna.2025.117097

Jinsong Zhou , Rui Xu , Zhongshi Wang , Dapeng Tian

{"title":"Fixed-time anti-windup sliding-mode-tracking controller for piezoelectric motion stages","authors":"Jinsong Zhou , Rui Xu , Zhongshi Wang , Dapeng Tian","doi":"10.1016/j.sna.2025.117097","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sna.2025.117097","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study addressed the practical high-precision tracking control problem of piezoelectric motion stages (PMS) by designing an anti-windup compensator and employing hysteresis modeling to achieve an effective tracking controller for a PMS with input saturation and hysteresis nonlinearity. First, a novel anti-windup compensator with fixed-time convergence characteristics is proposed and rigorously proven. The fixed-time anti-windup compensator (FTAWC) compensates for the tracking error generated during control input saturation and converges quickly when exiting input saturation, thereby ensuring excellent tracking performance. Subsequently, a fixed-time anti-windup sliding-mode controller (FTAWSMC) is established based on the proposed FTAWC. An analysis and proof are provided to demonstrate the convergence of the tracking error under the FTAWSMC. The controlled PMS is then precisely identified using the Bouc–Wen hysteresis model and particle swarm optimization method. Comparative experimental results show the superior tracking and anti-windup performance of the FTAWSMC, demonstrating significant improvements in the desaturation speed and overall tracking accuracy compared with those of conventional methods. Thus, the developed controller is suitable for applications where high-precision tracking control of PMS systems is required.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21689,"journal":{"name":"Sensors and Actuators A-physical","volume":"395 ","pages":"Article 117097"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145220045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Research on the integration of structural damage, icing monitoring and de-icing function of riveted composite structure based on carbon nanosensor 基于碳纳米传感器的铆接复合材料结构损伤、结冰监测与除冰一体化研究

IF 4.9 3区工程技术

Sensors and Actuators A-physical Pub Date : 2025-09-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.sna.2025.117114

Lu Zhang , Jiansong Wang , Shaowei Lu , Ying Wang , Dejin Zhang , Jiaming Duan , Eshkuvat Arzikulov , Xiaoqiang Wang

{"title":"Research on the integration of structural damage, icing monitoring and de-icing function of riveted composite structure based on carbon nanosensor","authors":"Lu Zhang , Jiansong Wang , Shaowei Lu , Ying Wang , Dejin Zhang , Jiaming Duan , Eshkuvat Arzikulov , Xiaoqiang Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.sna.2025.117114","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sna.2025.117114","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study proposes an innovative method to monitor the icing on the surface of composite materials by using carbon nanosensors. The simulated icing experiment at −20 °C shows that the sensor can effectively detect the icing condition by measuring the resistance change rate (∆<em>R</em>/<em>R</em><sub>0</sub>), which proves the feasibility of the sensor for icing monitoring. The electrothermal performance of the sensor is analyzed ( 2 V, 184.7 °C), which proves that it has the ability of icing monitoring and de-icing, and the de-icing mechanism is verified by theoretical calculation. Additionally, the damage evolution of Glass Fiber Reinforced Plastic (GFRP) riveted structures under tensile loads was monitored using the sensor. Static single-lap tensile failure experiments with different rivet strengths evaluated the sensor’s sensitivity in detecting damage accumulation at the rivet head and pier head. The results, along with Optical Microscope (OM) analysis, revealed the damage locations and underlying mechanisms. This research achieves multi-functional sensor integration for icing monitoring, electric heating de-icing, and structural health monitoring, providing crucial support for composite materials in extreme climate conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21689,"journal":{"name":"Sensors and Actuators A-physical","volume":"395 ","pages":"Article 117114"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145220133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Ce-doped MgO thin films: Modifying electronic and optical properties for high-performance MOS photodiodes ce掺杂MgO薄膜：改变高性能MOS光电二极管的电子和光学特性

IF 4.9 3区工程技术

Sensors and Actuators A-physical Pub Date : 2025-09-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.sna.2025.117116

G. Alan Sibu , V. Balasubramani , D. Siva Priya , Talat Ali , Mohd Shkir

{"title":"Ce-doped MgO thin films: Modifying electronic and optical properties for high-performance MOS photodiodes","authors":"G. Alan Sibu , V. Balasubramani , D. Siva Priya , Talat Ali , Mohd Shkir","doi":"10.1016/j.sna.2025.117116","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sna.2025.117116","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study presents an innovative and scalable strategy to engineer the functional properties of magnesium oxide (MgO) thin films through controlled Cerium (Ce) incorporation using the Jet Nebulizer Spray Pyrolysis (JNSP) technique. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on Ce-doped MgO thin films fabricated via JNSP and optimized for optoelectronic device integration. Ce doping induces significant modifications in the structural and electronic landscape of MgO, with crystallite size reduced to 2.98 nm at 7 % Ce content and an optical bandgap widened to 3.82 eV, evidencing enhanced quantum confinement and defect modulation. When integrated into a Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor (MOS) photodiode, the Ce-doped MgO films deliver a substantial 40.37 % enhancement in photocurrent, achieving a responsivity of 67.14 mA/W and an improved barrier height of 0.84 eV. These findings establish Ce doping as an effective route to tailor MgO for superior optoelectronic performance, offering a cost-efficient and versatile pathway for next-generation ultraviolet photodetectors, light sensors and multifunctional optoelectronic platforms.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21689,"journal":{"name":"Sensors and Actuators A-physical","volume":"396 ","pages":"Article 117116"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145223085","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Ultrasensitive label-free electrochemical aptasensor based on Ag nanoparticles and polyaniline-modified ITO electrode for early detection of microRNA-155 in breast cancer 基于银纳米粒子和聚苯胺修饰ITO电极的超灵敏无标记电化学传感器早期检测乳腺癌中的microRNA-155

IF 4.9 3区工程技术

Sensors and Actuators A-physical Pub Date : 2025-09-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.sna.2025.117110

Mohammad Mahdi Alemnezhad , Ali Ghaffarinejad , Hamid Shahbazmohammadi

引用次数: 0