Sensors and Actuators A-physical最新文献

Diaphragm fiber bragg grating sensors for in situ monitoring of internal gas pressure in lithium-Ion batteries during cycling and overcharge to thermal runaway 用于锂离子电池循环和过充热失控过程中内部气体压力的膜片光纤光栅传感器

IF 4.9 3区工程技术

Sensors and Actuators A-physical Pub Date : 2025-10-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.sna.2025.117184

Fanchao Zeng , Xinglin Tong , Chong Xu , Zhenming Li , Chuan Zeng , Yunfeng Jia

{"title":"Diaphragm fiber bragg grating sensors for in situ monitoring of internal gas pressure in lithium-Ion batteries during cycling and overcharge to thermal runaway","authors":"Fanchao Zeng , Xinglin Tong , Chong Xu , Zhenming Li , Chuan Zeng , Yunfeng Jia","doi":"10.1016/j.sna.2025.117184","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sna.2025.117184","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Malfunctions within battery management systems (BMS) may result in lithium-ion batteries (LiBs) experiencing overcharging, potentially initiating thermal runaway, and causing serious safety hazards. Therefore, early recognition of thermal runaway under overcharging conditions remains essential. The present study introduces a diaphragm-type fiber Bragg grating pressure sensor (DFBGS-P) to continuously monitor internal gas pressure inside LiBs. The sensor is installed through laser welding into a high-capacity 280 Ah prismatic battery, providing a wide measurement range between −0.1 and 4 MPa with a pressure sensitivity of −0.3788 nm/MPa and an expanded uncertainty of 0.01 MPa (<em>k</em> = 2), and aligning with typical battery manufacturing protocols. The embedded sensor demonstrates excellent electrochemical compatibility in lithium-ion batteries, the capacity decreases by 0.33 %, with the coulombic efficiency maintained above 99.8 % over 50 cycles. The sensor exhibits electrochemical stability over 50 cycles, reflecting the progressive mechanical changes within the battery. Experimental results verify the sensor’s effectiveness in tracking pressure fluctuations of approximately ±0.15 MPa induced by electrode expansion and contraction during standard charge-discharge cycling. During the overcharge stage, a critical threshold pressure of 1.34 MPa and a pressure change rate 0.39 MPa/s can serve as an early warning signal for thermal runaway, preceding external temperature indications. This technology presents a novel approach for improving safety diagnostics in lithium batteries and reducing the risk of operational failure.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21689,"journal":{"name":"Sensors and Actuators A-physical","volume":"396 ","pages":"Article 117184"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145364604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Mach–Zehnder interferometer based on graded-index core mismatch with a customizable interrogation method for protein and refractive index sensing 基于分级-折射率核心不匹配的马赫-曾德干涉仪与可定制的询问方法，用于蛋白质和折射率传感

IF 4.9 3区工程技术

Sensors and Actuators A-physical Pub Date : 2025-10-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.sna.2025.117183

D.A. Huerta-Arteaga , R.M. Estrada-Martinez , M. Maldonado-Muñiz , N. Elizondo-Villarreal , F. Paraguay-Delgado , M. Torres-Torres , M. Rodriguez-Nieto , G. Salceda-Delgado

{"title":"Mach–Zehnder interferometer based on graded-index core mismatch with a customizable interrogation method for protein and refractive index sensing","authors":"D.A. Huerta-Arteaga , R.M. Estrada-Martinez , M. Maldonado-Muñiz , N. Elizondo-Villarreal , F. Paraguay-Delgado , M. Torres-Torres , M. Rodriguez-Nieto , G. Salceda-Delgado","doi":"10.1016/j.sna.2025.117183","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sna.2025.117183","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A Mach–Zehnder interferometer (MZI) refractive index (RI) sensor based on the core mismatch between a graded-index multimode fiber (GIMMF) and a single-mode fiber (SMF) is proposed. The device consists of an SMF segment sandwiched between two short GIMMF sections, which act as partial mode couplers between the core and the cladding modes. By tailoring the GIMMF length, the interferometer allows flexible interrogation, operating either through wavelength shifts combined with intensity variations or through intensity changes alone. Numerical simulations confirmed that mode expansion and reimaging in the GIMMF govern cladding mode excitation, while experimental validation demonstrated RI measurements in calibrated oils and protein sensing with casein and gelatin solutions. The sensor achieved maximum absolute sensitivity values of 163.69 nm/RIU for wavelength-based interrogation and 76.31 dBm/RIU for intensity-based detection. Furthermore, coating the sensing region with green-synthesized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) enhanced the evanescent-field interaction, yielding up to nine and 7.5-fold improvements in wavelength and intensity sensitivities, respectively. These results highlight a robust and customizable optical fiber sensor with strong potential for biochemical analysis and refractive index detection.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21689,"journal":{"name":"Sensors and Actuators A-physical","volume":"396 ","pages":"Article 117183"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145364685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Nonlinear modeling, Measurement, and Control of a hybrid reluctance-actuated fast steering mirror 混合磁阻驱动快速转向镜的非线性建模、测量和控制

IF 4.9 3区工程技术

Sensors and Actuators A-physical Pub Date : 2025-10-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.sna.2025.117180

Wei Gao , Yongsen Xu , Rui Xu , Fuchao Wang , Yulei Xu , Chao Liang , Ping Jia

{"title":"Nonlinear modeling, Measurement, and Control of a hybrid reluctance-actuated fast steering mirror","authors":"Wei Gao , Yongsen Xu , Rui Xu , Fuchao Wang , Yulei Xu , Chao Liang , Ping Jia","doi":"10.1016/j.sna.2025.117180","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sna.2025.117180","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The hybrid reluctance-actuated fast steering mirror (HRA-FSM) addresses the performance limitations of conventional fast steering mirrors in terms of aperture, bandwidth, and stroke. However, the nonlinear torque characteristics that arise at large deflection angles continue to constrain further improvements in HRA-FSM performance. Existing mathematical models exhibit considerable errors, and current studies lack effective methods for nonlinearities evaluation. In this study, a novel nonlinear HRA model is developed based on a prototype system. This model establishes the mapping between nonlinear common-mode and differential-mode components to elucidate the complex angle-current coupling dynamics. Experimental validation is performed by quantifying magnetic flux density distribution differences at the stator end faces and Hall sensor measurements. This paper details the theoretical framework for nonlinear modeling, the experimental measurement principles, and introduces a feedback linearization compensation control algorithm. This approach achieves a 48.8% reduction in bandwidth fluctuation and up to 36.4% decrease in tracking error. The HRA-FSM prototype demonstrates a range-bandwidth product of 18,675 mrad Hz, surpassing the performance of existing single-axis FSMs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21689,"journal":{"name":"Sensors and Actuators A-physical","volume":"396 ","pages":"Article 117180"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145364677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Recent advances in engineering 2D transition metal dichalcogenides for high-performance gas sensing 用于高性能气体传感的二维过渡金属二硫族化合物的工程研究进展

IF 4.9 3区工程技术

Sensors and Actuators A-physical Pub Date : 2025-10-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.sna.2025.117195

Jian Hou , Chang Hyun Lee , Sunghoon Park , Hyojung Kim , Muhammad Hilal , Zhicheng Cai

{"title":"Recent advances in engineering 2D transition metal dichalcogenides for high-performance gas sensing","authors":"Jian Hou , Chang Hyun Lee , Sunghoon Park , Hyojung Kim , Muhammad Hilal , Zhicheng Cai","doi":"10.1016/j.sna.2025.117195","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sna.2025.117195","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Two-dimensional (2D) transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) have emerged as promising materials for gas sensing due to their atomic thickness, high surface to volume ratio, and tunable electronic structure. This review surveys recent advances in TMD based gas sensors, with emphasis on synthesis routes such as chemical vapor deposition, liquid phase exfoliation, mechanical exfoliation, and plasma assisted functionalization, and explains how these processes control defect density and distribution, drive phase transformations, and tailor surface chemistry. We evaluate the sensing performance of key TMDs such as MoS₂, WS₂, MoSe₂, WSe₂ and metallic-phase/Janus variants, analyzing mechanisms such as charge-transfer, defect-mediated adsorption, and photoactivation. We focus on engineering strategies that raise sensitivity to ppb levels and sharpen selectivity. We also prioritize faster response and recovery and reliable operation at ambient temperature. The review also discusses scalable integration approaches, including thin-film and heterostructured sensor architectures, as well as implementation in flow-through reactors, wearable platforms, and IoT systems. This review integrates material design, performance metrics, and system-level engineering to outline a roadmap toward commercially viable, high performance TMD gas sensors.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21689,"journal":{"name":"Sensors and Actuators A-physical","volume":"396 ","pages":"Article 117195"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145364676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Measuring respiration through the wall by passive RFID tag 通过无源射频识别标签透过墙壁测量呼吸

IF 4.9 3区工程技术

Sensors and Actuators A-physical Pub Date : 2025-10-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.sna.2025.117193

Litai Lou , Jianhua Yang , Zhongqiu Wang , Tao Gong , Haibo Yu , Guangjing Tang

{"title":"Measuring respiration through the wall by passive RFID tag","authors":"Litai Lou , Jianhua Yang , Zhongqiu Wang , Tao Gong , Haibo Yu , Guangjing Tang","doi":"10.1016/j.sna.2025.117193","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sna.2025.117193","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The perception of respiratory status of targets behind walls is highly significant in areas such as isolation monitoring, medical monitoring, and emergency rescue. Nevertheless, existing through-wall sensing technologies face many challenges in their deployment and application due to high costs, high power consumption, and low accuracy. Accordingly, this article proposes a fine-grained through-wall target state sensing system based on passive radio frequency tag, which offers the unique advantages of passivity and low cost. We construct a high-precision respiratory signal perception model based on tag phase information for complex through-wall environments. In the method, the phase signal is directly correlated with the measured respiratory signal, effectively suppressing the severe signal noise caused by wall penetration. Furthermore, based on an in-depth analysis of the propagation model, a novel analysis method for complex phase signal is proposed. Based on our method, respiratory feature information can be accurately extracted from strong interfering raw phase signal without restricting the normal movement of the measured personnel. Ultimately, we achieve effective detection of the respiratory rate and waveform of each breath of the tested personnel.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21689,"journal":{"name":"Sensors and Actuators A-physical","volume":"396 ","pages":"Article 117193"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145364684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

E-nose-assisted classification of Traditional Chinese Medicine using Adaptive Kalman Filtering 基于自适应卡尔曼滤波的电子鼻辅助中药分类

IF 4.9 3区工程技术

Sensors and Actuators A-physical Pub Date : 2025-10-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.sna.2025.117187

Haoyue Fu , Mengqi Liu , Qi Wang , Jianping Wang , Xinyao Tong , Xitian Huang , Wenfeng Shen

{"title":"E-nose-assisted classification of Traditional Chinese Medicine using Adaptive Kalman Filtering","authors":"Haoyue Fu , Mengqi Liu , Qi Wang , Jianping Wang , Xinyao Tong , Xitian Huang , Wenfeng Shen","doi":"10.1016/j.sna.2025.117187","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sna.2025.117187","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study proposes an Adaptive Kalman Filtering (AKF)-based sensor data preprocessing method to enhance the accuracy and reliability of electronic nose (E-nose) technology for odor-based quality monitoring in agricultural cultivation of Traditional Chinese Medicinal (TCM) herbs. E-nose devices, inspired by the human olfactory system, are increasingly applied in precision agriculture to assess the quality and authenticity of medicinal herbs throughout cultivation. However, conventional denoising techniques such as moving average and wavelet transform show limitations when processing complex, dynamic odor data from TCM herbs under real agricultural conditions. To address this challenge, the AKF method dynamically adjusts filtering parameters, effectively reducing sensor noise and drift, thus significantly improving odor data stability and precision. Experimental results confirmed that AKF achieves superior performance in agricultural odor classification tasks compared to conventional Kalman Filtering and classical denoising methods. Specifically, AKF-preprocessed data reached 95.65% classification accuracy using Support Vector Machines (SVM), exceeding moving average and wavelet transform methods by 4.35% and 13.04%, respectively. Integrating AKF preprocessing with feature normalization and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) further improved the classification results. These findings demonstrate AKF’s promising application potential in TCM agricultural odor sensing, offering critical theoretical and practical advancements in precision medicinal agriculture and herbal quality control.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21689,"journal":{"name":"Sensors and Actuators A-physical","volume":"396 ","pages":"Article 117187"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145364679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Sensor evaluation for leaf temperature within a minimally invasive leaf cuvette 在微创叶片试管内叶片温度的传感器评估

IF 4.9 3区工程技术

Sensors and Actuators A-physical Pub Date : 2025-10-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.sna.2025.117045

Yasmina Frey , Lukas Simon , Stefanie Dumberger , Simon Haberstroh , Christiane Werner , Ulrike Wallrabe

{"title":"Sensor evaluation for leaf temperature within a minimally invasive leaf cuvette","authors":"Yasmina Frey , Lukas Simon , Stefanie Dumberger , Simon Haberstroh , Christiane Werner , Ulrike Wallrabe","doi":"10.1016/j.sna.2025.117045","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sna.2025.117045","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Leaf surface temperature is a key factor impacting plant physiological activity and reflects processes such as transpirational cooling and interactions between air temperature and radiation. In forests, precise monitoring of leaf temperature aids in assessing tree resilience to climate change and detecting water stress. Climate change has led to hot droughts in the last decade, which can drive species to their thermal limits, inducing leaf scorching. Nevertheless, long-term, minimally invasive monitoring remains a challenge.</div><div>We evaluate commercial sensors regarding their suitability for measuring leaf temperature. This includes contact-based sensors, such as thermocouples and semiconductor sensors, as well as non-contact infrared sensors. A particular focus is the challenge of establishing a reliable contact between the sensor and the leaf surface, which is crucial for accurate and consistent readings. Their performance regarding response time, measurement accuracy, and reliability under different environmental conditions is assessed.</div><div>These leaf temperature sensor types are compared for integration into measurement systems that require precise leaf temperature data, such as the ECOvette, a minimally invasive leaf cuvette. The ECOvette was developed to measure the gas exchange of a leaf under outdoor conditions; it also tracks environmental parameters like leaf temperature throughout the lifespan of a leaf. Our findings show that particularly semiconductor-based devices provide fast and stable temperature readings. These results contribute to improving long-term leaf monitoring in both natural and managed ecosystems, offering valuable insights for climate research.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21689,"journal":{"name":"Sensors and Actuators A-physical","volume":"396 ","pages":"Article 117045"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145364678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Precision tracking of an XY micro-positioning stage using a generalized asymmetric Bouc-Wen model and error-based ADRC 基于广义非对称Bouc-Wen模型和误差自抗扰控制器的XY微定位平台精确跟踪

IF 4.9 3区工程技术

Sensors and Actuators A-physical Pub Date : 2025-10-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.sna.2025.117191

Linkang Wang , Zhicheng Song , Bai Chen , Hongtao Wu

{"title":"Precision tracking of an XY micro-positioning stage using a generalized asymmetric Bouc-Wen model and error-based ADRC","authors":"Linkang Wang , Zhicheng Song , Bai Chen , Hongtao Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.sna.2025.117191","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sna.2025.117191","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>piezo-actuated micro-positioning stages (MPSs) are essential devices for micro/nano-scale operations. The linear control of the MPS directly influences the efficiency and accuracy of the positioning process. However, inherent hysteresis in piezoelectric actuators (PEAs) and unforeseen external disturbances significantly hinder system performance. To this end, this paper proposes a new composite feedforward/feedback controller. Firstly, a generalized asymmetric Bouc-Wen (GABW) model is proposed to characterize the asymmetric and rate-dependent hysteresis nonlinearity while accounting for the influence of system inertia. Secondly, an error-based active disturbance rejection control (ADRC) strategy is proposed to rapidly and accurately estimate and compensate for external disturbances. Then, a composite control method combining the GABW model and error-based ADRC is proposed. The stability of the proposed method is analyzed, and the feasible domain of the control parameters is investigated. Finally, the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed controller are demonstrated through simulation studies and prototype experiments. Experimental results show that the proposed method combines the advantages of PID and classic ADRC, demonstrating its effectiveness and superiority.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21689,"journal":{"name":"Sensors and Actuators A-physical","volume":"396 ","pages":"Article 117191"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145364602","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Micropatterned microwave resonator with microcavity arrays for ultrasensitive, label-free quantification of aquatic microplastics 带微腔阵列的微模式微波谐振器，用于超灵敏、无标记的水生微塑料定量分析

IF 4.9 3区工程技术

Sensors and Actuators A-physical Pub Date : 2025-10-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.sna.2025.117190

Yan-Xiong Wang , Jun-Ge Liang , Jian-Nan Ding , Yan-Feng Jiang , Tian Qiang

{"title":"Micropatterned microwave resonator with microcavity arrays for ultrasensitive, label-free quantification of aquatic microplastics","authors":"Yan-Xiong Wang , Jun-Ge Liang , Jian-Nan Ding , Yan-Feng Jiang , Tian Qiang","doi":"10.1016/j.sna.2025.117190","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sna.2025.117190","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The pervasive presence of microplastics (MPs) in the environment poses significant challenges due to their recalcitrant nature and wide distribution. Conventional detection methodologies remain constrained by insufficient sensitivity and intricate operational requirements. Herein, we present a micro-spiral structured microwave sensing platform manufactured using integrated passive device (IPD) technology for label-free MP quantification in both deionized (DI) water and tap water. Both interdigital capacitor (IDC) and IPD resonators, optimized for optimum performance by software simulation, rely on the dielectric perturbation effect for detection. Specifically, variations in MP concentrations and size within the sensitive area modify the local dielectric properties, leading to capacitance changes and resonance frequency shifts. Systematic experiments demonstrate that increasing MP concentrations elevate local dielectric permittivity, thereby proportionally reducing IDC capacitance. For tap water analysis, the IDC demonstrates detection limits of 23.75 particles· μL<sup>−1</sup> (≤5 μm MPs) and 18.70 particles·μL<sup>−1</sup> (≥16 μm MPs). In contrast, the IPD-based sensing platform achieves markedly enhanced performance, with detection limits reduced to 0.52 particle·μL<sup>−1</sup> (≤5 μm) and 2.58 particles·μL<sup>−1</sup> (≥16 μm), accompanied by sensitivities of 2.88 MHz·particle·μL<sup>−1</sup> and 0.89 MHz·particle·μL<sup>−1</sup>, respectively. Furthermore, resonance amplitude depth analysis enables differentiation between aqueous environments, expanding application versatility. The platform's miniaturized architecture (<1 mm×1 mm) with rapid response positions it as a viable solution for field-deployable MPs monitoring systems, thereby advancing environmental toxicology assessments and pollution mitigation strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21689,"journal":{"name":"Sensors and Actuators A-physical","volume":"396 ","pages":"Article 117190"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145364680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Enhancement of interactions in styrene−butadiene rubber composites filled with GnPs through styrene content and presence of ionic liquid: Impact on photo−actuator performance 通过苯乙烯含量和离子液体的存在增强GnPs填充苯乙烯-丁二烯橡胶复合材料中的相互作用：对光致动器性能的影响

IF 4.9 3区工程技术

Sensors and Actuators A-physical Pub Date : 2025-10-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.sna.2025.117189

Magdalena Gaca , Miroslav Slouf , Cyril Vaulot , Miroslav Mrlik , Marketa Ilcikova , Ivana Sloufova , Joanna Pietrasik

引用次数: 0