Sensors and Actuators A-physical最新文献

{"title":"Enhancing MEMS scanning mirror projection displays through phase-shifted Lissajous trajectory optimization","authors":"Shaotang Wei ,&nbsp;Jinwu Song ,&nbsp;Junya Wang ,&nbsp;Zheng You","doi":"10.1016/j.sna.2025.116447","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sna.2025.116447","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Biaxial resonant MEMS scanning mirrors, characterized by high operational frequencies and wide scanning angles, hold significant potential for advanced projection display systems. Nevertheless, conventional Lissajous scanning with fixed parameters often suffers from non-uniform pixel coverage and resolution inconsistencies. This study presents a novel phase-shift-based Lissajous trajectory optimization method, wherein the initial phase is dynamically adjusted for each scanning frame. The proposed approach markedly improves trajectory coverage uniformity and mitigates pixelation artifacts, including pixel defects and the screen-door effect. Theoretical analysis and numerical simulations validate the enhanced spatial coverage achieved by the phase-shifting strategy compared to traditional fixed-parameter scanning. Furthermore, experimental results substantiate the method’s efficacy in delivering high- quality projection displays, even at low frame rates.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21689,"journal":{"name":"Sensors and Actuators A-physical","volume":"387 ","pages":"Article 116447"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143593248","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High-performance indium-gallium-zinc-oxide thin-film transistor with Al-induced crystallization for ultra-sensitive detection of gastric cancer exosome microRNA-106a","authors":"Tengbo Lv ,&nbsp;Jiale Liu ,&nbsp;Fei Li ,&nbsp;Shenhui Ma ,&nbsp;Xianqi Wei ,&nbsp;Juan Hu ,&nbsp;Xin Li ,&nbsp;Chuanyu Han ,&nbsp;Shuixiang He ,&nbsp;Xiaoli Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.sna.2025.116441","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sna.2025.116441","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Gastric cancer is a prevalent and lethal malignancy, largely due to the absence of specific symptoms in its early stages. The emerging biomarker, exosomal microRNA-106a (miR-106a), is closely associated with the progression of gastric cancer and positively correlates with the cancer cell metastasis. However, current diagnostic methods for microRNA, such as qRT-PCR, are effective but limited by the extremely low abundance, rendering detection without amplification challenging. In this work, we present a label-free detection method for miR-106a using a performance-enhanced IGZO thin-film transistor (TFT) biosensor, specifically an aluminum (Al)-induced crystallization (AIC) IGZO TFT biosensor (Bio-AIC IGZO TFT). The introduction of Al on IGZO film induced crystallization at high temperatures on the top channel, resulting in covalent bonding between the top channel and the Al layer, which significantly enhanced the TFT’s electrical and sensing characteristics. When applied to miR-106a detection, the AlO_x/Al/AlO_x layer created a floating gate structure that can effectively transmit the weak electrical signals generated by biochemical reactions at the sensing interface to the channel layer of the device via the tunneling effect. This design prevented performance degradation typically caused by direct contact between the channel layer and liquid in conventional TFT biosensors. The prepared Bio-AIC IGZO TFT demonstrated a wide linear detection range between 1 <em>f</em>M and 1 μM, and exhibited high sensitivity of 4.04 dec⁻¹ with a detection limit as low as 0.23 <em>f</em>M (1.65 <em>f</em>g/mL) compared to the conventional Bio-IGZO TFT. Furthermore, the optimized biosensor had excellent reproducibility and selectivity for target RNA, demonstrating the potential for trace detection of biomarkers in early gastric cancer. In addition, the biosensor is scalable for detecting a wide range of biomarkers, providing a simple, high-performance strategy for achieving rapid RNA detection.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21689,"journal":{"name":"Sensors and Actuators A-physical","volume":"387 ","pages":"Article 116441"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143593247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of resonant characteristics of microwave actuators at different frequencies","authors":"Yongze Li ,&nbsp;Xuan Li ,&nbsp;Minglu Zhu ,&nbsp;Zhiguang Xing ,&nbsp;Tao Chen ,&nbsp;Jianwen Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.sna.2025.116444","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sna.2025.116444","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Microwave-based wireless driving have garnered significant attention due to their penetration capability, selective heating, and medium heating properties. In multi-microwave actuator systems, selective control of actuators using microwave frequencies has emerged as a promising approach. Understanding the resonance mechanism of microwave actuators is key to implementing frequency-based control strategies for microwave driving. Herein, we analyzed the resonance condition of flexible microwave actuators composed of SMA springs and passive wires. We demonstrate the response characteristics of standalone SMA springs and the influence of passive wires on the SMA spring in a microwave field. We then analyzed the wire's equivalent antenna model and resonant length. We also evaluated the effects of SMA spring coil numbers and passive wire lengths on the actuator's resonant state at different frequencies (2.4 GHz, 4 GHz, and 5.9 GHz) and developed an equivalent model for the actuator. Our research provides insights for designing microwave actuators with different frequency responses and establishes a foundation for developing complex microwave robotic systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21689,"journal":{"name":"Sensors and Actuators A-physical","volume":"387 ","pages":"Article 116444"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143593250","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A capacitive skin glass for non-contact eye blink detection in complex environments","authors":"Haipeng Wang ,&nbsp;Shuai Zhang ,&nbsp;He Zhang ,&nbsp;Lukai Song ,&nbsp;You Li ,&nbsp;Zhiguo Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.sna.2025.116410","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sna.2025.116410","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Traditional camera-based blink detection methods often necessitate the incorporation of additional optical components into glasses to mitigate challenges posed by complex lighting conditions, thereby significantly augmenting product complexity and costs. To overcome these obstacles, this study developed a capacitive skin glass for blink detection in intricate environments, relying on capacitance variations instead of visual imagery. The capacitive skin solely requires electrodes and a chip-based circuit, specifically the FDC2214, which facilitate real-time capacitance measurement. In the present work, capacitance values underwent preprocessing via Gaussian weight interpolation and band-pass filtering before integration into the blink detection algorithm. Subsequently, the blink detection results from both eyes were combined. Experimental tests on electrode length and positioning have revealed that an electrode length of 3.5 cm, when attached to the upper edge of glasses frames without obstructing the line of sight, can achieve an 86.1% accuracy in detecting blinks. Comparative experiments with a dlib-based blink detection algorithm indicate that the proposed method exhibits high accuracy and stability in capacitive skin glass under light conditions ranging from 0 to 10 lux. These findings underscore the potentials of the proposed approach for blink detection in low-light environments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21689,"journal":{"name":"Sensors and Actuators A-physical","volume":"387 ","pages":"Article 116410"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143577156","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Screen-printed ultra-thin and multifunctional e-tattoos towards epidermal sensors","authors":"Yue Zhang ,&nbsp;Ziting Deng ,&nbsp;Peng Hong ,&nbsp;Zhenchen Bao ,&nbsp;Xiangyu Yin ,&nbsp;Pengli Zhu","doi":"10.1016/j.sna.2025.116424","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sna.2025.116424","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Conformal e-tattoos have recently received widespread attention because of their great potential for precise and immediate monitoring of physiological signals. However, expensive materials or complex fabrication processes are often required to obtain e-tattoos that meet the above application requirements. Here, we propose a facile strategy for the preparation of e-tattoos via screen printing while achieving versatile parameters collection capabilities. The screen printing inks can be obtained only by mixing and stirring carboxylated MWCNTs water slurry, elastomer transparent glue, glycerin and commercial ink according to the needs of target signal detection. Furthermore, a layer of ultra-thin medical pressure-sensitive adhesive layer was subtly involved in the temperature and humidity sensitive e-tattoos, successfully avoiding the mutual interference between the physical signals and the electrophysiological signals. The continuous monitoring of sEMG signals, ECG signals, local humidity conditions, and skin temperature changes can be achieved by applying the multifunctional e-tattoo platform onto the human skin surface. This technology shows promise as a potential avenue for the advancement of electronic tattoo sensing in the future.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21689,"journal":{"name":"Sensors and Actuators A-physical","volume":"387 ","pages":"Article 116424"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143593249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Performance and mechanism of a graphene assembled film-based flexible sensor for strain monitoring of civil infrastructures","authors":"Shun Weng ,&nbsp;Zhiyue Zhang ,&nbsp;Ke Gao ,&nbsp;Hongping Zhu ,&nbsp;Bin Hu ,&nbsp;Daping He ,&nbsp;Fan Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.sna.2025.116430","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sna.2025.116430","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In the context of large strain measurement in structural health monitoring (SHM) of civil infrastructures, the sensing range and accuracy of existing strain sensors typically faces limitations. This study develops a graphene-assembled film (GAF) based flexible strain sensor with a large strain range that two times larger than the metal foil strain sensor. The sensing performance and underlying interfacial contact mechanisms of the sensor were investigated at both macro and micro scales. Experimental results indicated that the GAF-based sensor had good repeatability and exhibited piecewise linearity. Characterization using scanning electron microscope (SEM) revealed that the piecewise linearity is mainly attributed to the unfolding, sliding, and cracks of the micro folds in the GAF. Results of a uniaxial tensile test of steel plates demonstrated that the GAF-based sensor not only has a larger working range but also maintains the same level of sensing accuracy as foil strain sensor. The proposed sensor also features low cost and industrialized fabrication, indicating its potential for large strain monitoring in civil SHM.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21689,"journal":{"name":"Sensors and Actuators A-physical","volume":"387 ","pages":"Article 116430"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143577152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Room-temperature ammonia gas sensor based on Ti-doped ZnO thin films prepared via wet chemical synthesis using drop casting technique","authors":"Sivaramakrishnan Subramanian ,&nbsp;Karupputhevar Neyvasagam ,&nbsp;S. Sathish kumar ,&nbsp;V. Ganesh ,&nbsp;Ramesh Ade","doi":"10.1016/j.sna.2025.116396","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sna.2025.116396","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the preparation of pristine and ZnO: Ti thin films through drop casting technique, with titanium (Ti) concentrations of 1 %, 3 %, and 5 % by weight. The prepared samples were analyzed using powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), UV-Vis spectroscopy, photoluminescence studies and gas sensing analysis. The powder XRD results confirmed that the ZnO:Ti thin films exhibited a hexagonal wurtzite structure. The lattice parameters and unit cell volumes were determined, and the film exhibited negligible microstrain. Surface morphology analysis revealed voids with interconnected network structures, which enhanced the surface adsorption of oxygen species and contributed to an improved gas sensing response for the ZnO:Ti thin film with 3 % Ti. According to UV-Vis spectroscopy, the optical band gap of the synthesized ZnO: Ti thin films ranged from 3.37 to 3.39 eV. Photoluminescence studies indicated that deep-level emissions in the visible region of the electromagnetic spectrum are attributed to defects, such as interstitials and vacant sites within the lattice. The gas sensing properties demonstrated a gas response of 74, with a response time of 10.4 s and a recovery time of 6.4 s for 250 ppm ammonia gas, indicating high gas response for the ZnO: Ti 3 % thin film. This film also exhibited remarkable selectivity towards ammonia and a linear response to ambient relative humidity. Repeatability and stability studies confirmed reliable sensing performance and good aging properties, making the 3 % Ti-doped ZnO film suitable for ammonia gas sensing applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21689,"journal":{"name":"Sensors and Actuators A-physical","volume":"387 ","pages":"Article 116396"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143577159","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Water hydraulic actuator for bionic fish pectoral fin: Optimization and implementation","authors":"Songlin Nie,&nbsp;Pengwang Gao,&nbsp;Linfeng Huo,&nbsp;Hui Ji,&nbsp;Ruidong Hong,&nbsp;Zhonghai Ma","doi":"10.1016/j.sna.2025.116438","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sna.2025.116438","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The utilization of soft actuators in robotics is progressively expanding, particularly for intricate tasks like grasping and exploration in complex environments. However, conventional rigid actuators driven by motors often prove unsuitable for underwater applications due to their intricate structure. This paper introduces a novel underwater twisting water hydraulic artificial muscle (TWHAM) specifically designed for biomimetic flexible robotic fish, such as pectoral fins. A mathematical model for TWHAM is developed using Gaussian Process Regression (GPR), and the parameters are optimized through Harris Hawks Optimization (HHO). Experimental results demonstrate that TWHAM can achieve an impressive torsion angle of 49.5° and generate a substantial torque of 0.848 N·m under a pressure of 1.0 MPa. The incorporation of bionic pectoral fins enables the robotic fish to achieve precise steering with a radius of 0.65 m at a speed of 0.32 m/s. These findings highlight the significant potential application of water hydraulics in areas such as environmental protection, water quality testing, and ocean exploration.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21689,"journal":{"name":"Sensors and Actuators A-physical","volume":"387 ","pages":"Article 116438"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143561696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tactile vibration sensor inspired by Pacinian mechanoreceptor","authors":"Jin-Yup Kim,&nbsp;Chang-Soo Han","doi":"10.1016/j.sna.2025.116409","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sna.2025.116409","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Sensing vibration is a basic feature of human interaction with the environment, providing essential information about texture and touching object. Pacinian corpuscle, one of tactile mechanoreceptors plays important role of detecting the vibration stimulus to the skin. Here, we report artificial Pacinian sensor (APS) that consists of piezoelectric polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) film and soft polymer structure that present fast adaptation characteristics and a high natural frequency. For tuning the natural frequency of the device, we designed the beam structure, with a soft fixed end and a forced weight at the midpoint. The APS showcased natural frequency around 200 Hz and high sensitivity 26.71 mV/N. After attaching the sensor on the fingertip, we tested gripping of the object, demonstrating the similar result with biological experiment. Using the APS, we showed various vibration experiments such as the grating scribing, dropping the ball and identifying several textures along with artificial intelligence. It is demonstrated that our tactile sensor has a potential in wearable devices, robotic hands, augmented/virtual reality and prosthetics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21689,"journal":{"name":"Sensors and Actuators A-physical","volume":"387 ","pages":"Article 116409"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143593246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sensitive and reliable wireless monitoring of foot pressure and temperature for diabetic foot ulcer management and prevention","authors":"Zhilu Ye ,&nbsp;Xinran Li ,&nbsp;Kun Zhao ,&nbsp;Wang Zhan ,&nbsp;Qi Zhang ,&nbsp;Lei Lei ,&nbsp;Minye Yang ,&nbsp;Ming Liu ,&nbsp;Xiaohui Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.sna.2025.116411","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sna.2025.116411","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study presents a wireless, fully passive sensing system for sensitive and reliable monitoring of foot pressure and temperature, aiming to advance the prevention and management of diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs), a prevalent complication of diabetes. The system employs an emerging non-Hermitian electronic platform, i.e., parity-time-reciprocal scaling (<em>PTX</em>) symmetry, to establish an exceptional point (EP). This unique singularity produces dramatic resonance frequency shifts in response to external perturbations, delivering exceptional sensitivity. Unlike traditional inductor-capacitor (LC) wireless sensors, where frequency tracking is highly susceptible to reader-sensor alignment, the proposed <em>PTX</em>-symmetric system benefits from its balanced dual-resonance feature, rendering it alignment-independent. The resistance changes on the reader side can directly mirror those on the sensor side, which corelate to the pressure and temperature variations. The system demonstrates reliable performance over a pressure range of 0–400 kPa and a temperature range of 25–50 °C, maintaining accuracy even with variations in reader-sensor distance, an inherent limitation of traditional inductively coupled sensors. Additionally, by employing a custom-made resistive pressure transducer, the sensor exhibits flexibility and softness, offering enhanced wearing comfort. Experiments validate that the system can capture foot pressure and temperature distributions under different postures and during dynamic activities (e.g., walking), thereby identifying high-risk areas for DFUs development. Comparative studies further reveal a correlation between DFU risk, body weight, and prolonged standing or walking, confirming its potential for DFU management and prevention.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21689,"journal":{"name":"Sensors and Actuators A-physical","volume":"387 ","pages":"Article 116411"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143600609","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}