Sensors and Actuators A-physical最新文献

{"title":"Investigation of PLA/ZnO nanofibers for piezoelectric and nerve regeneration applications","authors":"Meysam Moezzi ,&nbsp;Meghdad Kamali Moghaddam ,&nbsp;Jafar Rahimzadeh ,&nbsp;Marzieh Ranjbar-Mohammadi ,&nbsp;Fred Barez","doi":"10.1016/j.sna.2025.116340","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sna.2025.116340","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study examines the preparation and characterization of poly(L-lactic acid) (PLA) and zinc oxide (ZnO) composite nanofibrous mats with ZnO concentrations of 0, 1, 5, and 10 wt% produced via electrospinning. The effects of varying ZnO concentrations on the properties of PLA nanofibrous mats are investigated for potential applications in biomedical wireless electrical stimulators. Scanning electron microscopy confirms successful nanofiber production, with significant variations in fiber diameters based on ZnO content; the average diameter decreases with increasing ZnO concentration, especially in PLA-ZnO 10 % nanofibers. ZnO nanoparticles enhances the mechanical strength and stiffness of the scaffolds, as shown by increased ultimate stress and modulus values, while ultimate and locking strain values decrease. Electromechanical tests indicate that higher ZnO concentrations improve piezoelectric performance, with PLA-ZnO 5 % scaffolds showing optimal characteristics for nerve regeneration applications due to their balance of biocompatibility and electrical output. Biological assessments with PC12 cells reveal that up to 5 wt% of ZnO nanoparticles promote a favorable environment for nerve cell proliferation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21689,"journal":{"name":"Sensors and Actuators A-physical","volume":"386 ","pages":"Article 116340"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143437779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A compact and fast photoelectric sound sensor based on GaN integrated transceiver chip and PDMS/Ag composite film","authors":"Jiabin Yan,&nbsp;Yiqun Yan,&nbsp;Li Fang,&nbsp;Zhihang Sun,&nbsp;Chengxiang Jiang,&nbsp;Fan Shi,&nbsp;Zheng Shi,&nbsp;Yongjin Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.sna.2025.116342","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sna.2025.116342","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>High-performance sound sensors that are compact, cost-effective, and versatile are crucial for their widespread adoption in consumer electronics and industrial applications. In this work, we propose a fast and compact photoelectric sound sensor comprising a Gallium nitride (GaN) integrated transceiver chip and a Polydimethylsiloxane- coated silver (PDMS/Ag) composite film. The GaN chip includes a light-emitting diode and a photodetector (PD) with identical multi-quantum well diode structures, while the PDMS/Ag film is connected to the chip via a flexible bracket. The flexible film acts as the sensing unit, converting sound vibrations into mechanical deformation, which modulates the light intensity received by the on-chip PD. The light signal is then converted into an electrical signal by the PD, processed by back-end circuits and algorithms. Measurement results demonstrate a maximum sound pressure sensitivity of 161.5 mV/Pa, with successful detection of actual audio signals. The photoelectric sound sensor system features a compact structure, rapid response, and enhanced sensitivity, making it suitable for applications in voice recognition and environmental monitoring.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21689,"journal":{"name":"Sensors and Actuators A-physical","volume":"386 ","pages":"Article 116342"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143454347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Halloysite nanotube modified piezo-electric hydrogel with multi-functional properties","authors":"Khashti Datt Pandey,&nbsp;Indranil Maity,&nbsp;Ajay D. Thakur","doi":"10.1016/j.sna.2025.116320","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sna.2025.116320","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Soft multifunctional piezo-electric hydrogels are of great interest due to their unique structural and functional properties, adaptability, and biocompatibility. This study presents a multifunctional piezo-electric blend hydrogel synthesized using polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene) (PVDF-HFP), and the alumino-silicate nanofiller, halloysite nanotubes (HNT) at various percentage contents, employing the freeze-thaw method. This flexible hydrogel has been found to exhibit a high piezo-electric current response and dielectric constant, piezo-resistive property, and electret nature, which are influenced by varying HNT content. Mechanical and electrical properties, including tensile strength, dielectric properties, swelling ratio, electrical conductivity, piezo-response, piezo-resistive capability, and the electret nature of the hydrogels, were evaluated. Pressure induced voltage upon finger-tapping and observation of resistance changes upon flexing have been demonstrated suggesting their potential applications in mechanical energy harvesting for wearable devices and in soft robotics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21689,"journal":{"name":"Sensors and Actuators A-physical","volume":"386 ","pages":"Article 116320"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143445160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Self-powered wearable biosensors for metabolites and electrolytes detection: Harnessing nanogenerators and renewable energy sources","authors":"Ashaduzzaman Khan ,&nbsp;Harun Al Rashid ,&nbsp;Dulal Chandra Kabiraz ,&nbsp;Abinash Chandro Sarker ,&nbsp;Samiul Islam Chowdhury","doi":"10.1016/j.sna.2025.116339","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sna.2025.116339","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Internet of Things (IoT) revolution has ushered in an era where wearable biosensors play a pivotal role in health monitoring through biofluid analysis. By providing continuous, real-time data on bodily fluids, these sensors offer early warning signs of health deterioration, potentially averting catastrophic conditions like brain strokes, severe muscle contractions, and cardiac diseases. The main bottleneck for real-time monitoring of the biosensor in wearable systems is powering, and therefore researchers have devoted strenuous effort to mitigate the aforementioned challenges. The wearable self-powering systems in biosensors contribute to a substantial reduction in overall power consumption in the devices, facilitating the implementation of real-time monitoring sensor technologies. A wide range of self-powered biosensors has been investigated to monitor metabolites (glucose, lactate), electrolytes (sodium, chloride ion), and pH, with a particular interest in those that generate electricity, as they offer advantages in terms of easy fabrication, wearability, and eco-friendliness. This review article stated the recent development of self-powered wearable biosensors based on renewable energy sources, utilizing biofuel and mechanical energy sources including triboelectric nanogenerators and piezoelectric nanogenerators. Moreover, it is also highlighted the principle and the working mechanism of generating power as well as the detection of metabolites based on the powering sources. Finally, several promising strategies of the self-powered biosensor for metabolites detection are summarized to overcome the challenges. These viewpoints are anticipated to propel the development of self-powered sensors and motivate further research.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21689,"journal":{"name":"Sensors and Actuators A-physical","volume":"386 ","pages":"Article 116339"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143429529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"One-step fabrication of Pd and Au-modified polyaniline MEMS sensors for ppb-level NH3 detection at room temperature","authors":"Ting Zhang ,&nbsp;Wenfeng Shen ,&nbsp;Dawu Lv ,&nbsp;Weijie Song ,&nbsp;Ruiqin Tan","doi":"10.1016/j.sna.2025.116330","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sna.2025.116330","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this work, we innovatively prepared Pd and Au-modified polyaniline MEMS ammonia sensors through a one-step in situ polymerization. The sensor exhibited an impressive 127 % response to 1 ppm NH₃ at room temperature, featuring a swift response time of 44 s, a recovery time of 91 s, a detection limit as low as 0.2 ppb, and exceptional selectivity. Furthermore, the sensor showed exceptional long-term stability over a 31-day evaluation period, with minimal response fluctuations under 6 %. The exceptional sensor performance can be attributed to its distinctive film structure and the synergistic catalytic activity of the Au and Pd nanoparticles, establishing it as an efficient, stable, and cost-effective solution for NH₃ detection. Additionally, the sensor's compact design, ease of mass production, and seamless integration with circuits make it particularly suited for applications in environmental monitoring and disease diagnostics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21689,"journal":{"name":"Sensors and Actuators A-physical","volume":"386 ","pages":"Article 116330"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143445162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Photoacoustic and upconversion signal variation in In2O3: Er3+/Yb3+ phosphor co-doped with Mg2+/Zn2+ ions under 980 nm excitation for multifunctional applications","authors":"Minarul I. Sarkar ,&nbsp;Kumar Shwetabh ,&nbsp;Mayanglambam Suheshkumar Singh ,&nbsp;Kaushal Kumar","doi":"10.1016/j.sna.2025.116329","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sna.2025.116329","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Er³⁺/Yb³⁺ doped In₂O₃ phosphor samples were synthesized by combustion method and then prepared samples were annealed at 800–1400 °C for 2 h for improvement of crystal phase and photoluminescence (PL) properties. The maximum upconversion (UC) emission intensity is achieved for the material annealed at 1300 °C for 2 h. The phase was confirmed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and surface morphological structures of the sample were measured by field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM) &amp; transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The dia-valent dopant ions Mg²⁺ and Zn²⁺ were added into the optimum sample for enhancement of UC emission intensity. Then, frequency photoacoustic (PA) and UC spectra were recorded varying pump power through 980 nm diode laser source. Then the effects of dia-valent ions on radiative (happen due to photon) and non-radiative (happen due to phonon) emission properties of phosphors were checked simultaneously. The maximum PA signal is obtained for the 938–974 nm wavelength range and it directs its precious prospective for photo-thermal therapy (PTT) application. Finally, the authors demonstrated promising applications of the phosphor in fingerprint detection and as security ink for anti-counterfeiting purposes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21689,"journal":{"name":"Sensors and Actuators A-physical","volume":"386 ","pages":"Article 116329"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143429524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular simulation of oxygen adsorption and diffusion processes for accurate online monitoring of dissolved oxygen","authors":"Zhijuan Sun ,&nbsp;Hongju Tao ,&nbsp;Chao Song ,&nbsp;Xueyan Shen ,&nbsp;Pingping Wang ,&nbsp;Mingming Du ,&nbsp;Li Li","doi":"10.1016/j.sna.2025.116315","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sna.2025.116315","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As the key part of optical dissolved oxygen sensors, oxygen sensitive fluorescent films are particularly important for online monitoring of dissolved oxygen (DO) with high sensitivity and short response times. The oxygen permeability of the substrate material is crucial for the performance of the oxygen-sensitive film, which is key part of dissolved oxygen (DO) sensor. Compared to traditional substrate materials such as permeability and are widely utilized as substrates for oxygen-sensitive films. This superior permeability of cellulose can enhance both the response time and sensitivity of the DO sensor to realize precise online monitoring of DO, furthermore, oxygen adsorption and diffusion processes in oxygen sensitive fluorescent film were simulated by the Grand Canonical Monte Carlo (GCMC) and Molecular Dynamics (MD). Firstly, the effect of temperature on the oxygen permeation process, diffusion coefficient, and solubility coefficient in the oxygen sensitive fluorescent film was investigated. The results showed that the oxygen solubility coefficient decreased with increasing temperature, whereas the diffusion and permeability coefficients increased. In addition, oxygen adsorption in the oxygen sensitive fluorescent film exhibited selective aggregation adsorption as the majority of oxygen adsorption occurring in the low-potential energy area of the crystal cell. Moreover, the isosteric heat of oxygen adsorption in the oxygen sensitive fluorescent film decreased with increasing temperature and pressure. Oxygen diffuses between free volumes within the cavities of the oxygen sensitive fluorescent film. Finally, the solubility coefficient S, diffusion coefficient D, and the quenching constant, <em>K</em>_SV of the Stern-Volmer equation were fitted and analyzed to verify the validity of the model. These values with the quenching constant <em>K</em>_SV were consistent with that of acquired experimentally. It is believed that the simulation of oxygen adsorption and diffusion in cellulose can enhance comprehension of the oxygen penetration process and provide theoretical direction for accurate online monitoring of dissolved oxygen.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21689,"journal":{"name":"Sensors and Actuators A-physical","volume":"386 ","pages":"Article 116315"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143420102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recent development in piezoelectric materials and devices for cryogenic environments","authors":"Ali Naderi ,&nbsp;Sipan Liu ,&nbsp;Jing Fu ,&nbsp;Tianbing Xu ,&nbsp;Shujun Zhang ,&nbsp;Jong Eun Ryu ,&nbsp;Xiaoning Jiang","doi":"10.1016/j.sna.2025.116317","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sna.2025.116317","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper reviews the recent development of piezoelectric materials, structures, devices, and their applications in cryogenic environments (&lt; 120 K). It is known that cryogenic environment presents challenges for piezoelectric materials since most of them lose majority of their piezoelectricity at low temperatures. Recently, it was found that some types of these materials, such as relaxor-PT single crystals, can still maintain reasonably high piezoelectric properties in cryogenic environments. In this review paper, the effect of cryogenic temperature on the piezoelectric materials is surveyed, and the methods to tailor the piezoelectric materials for proper functions at cryogenic temperatures (such as doping, changing the material composition, and engineering defects) are discussed and compared. The recent progress on piezoelectric structures for cryogenic space exploration as well as quantum and biomedical applications are then reviewed and discussed. Lastly, the challenges and future perspectives of piezoelectric materials and their associated applications are introduced.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21689,"journal":{"name":"Sensors and Actuators A-physical","volume":"386 ","pages":"Article 116317"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143429530","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Smartphone-based optical fiber sensor for refractive index sensing using POF","authors":"Muhammad Saleh Urf Kumail Haider ,&nbsp;Chen Chen ,&nbsp;Abdul Ghaffar ,&nbsp;Laraib Unsa Noor ,&nbsp;Min Liu ,&nbsp;Sadam Hussain ,&nbsp;Bipu Arman ,&nbsp;Moath Alathbah","doi":"10.1016/j.sna.2025.116321","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sna.2025.116321","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper presents a portable optical fiber sensor (OFS) for refractive index (R.I.) sensing, fabricated using two pieces of bare polymer optical fibers (POFs). The proposed sensor design utilizes the twisted macro-bending and optical coupling (TMBOC) technique, where two optical fibers are twisted and coupled, leading to power coupling from the primary fiber (PF) to the coupled fiber (CF). A 3D-printed smartphone casing is used to attach the sensor with a smartphone, connecting the fibers to the flashlight and camera. The R.I. sensing relies on the power loss coupling phenomenon, in which light travels to the PF and the CF couples the power, resulting in intensity variations as the surrounding R.I. medium changes. The proposed R.I. sensor with an 8-mm radius exhibits the maximum sensitivity with different NaCl concentration liquids, with an R.I. range of 1.333–1.361 and a sensitivity of 137.2 ± 2.3 %/RIU. The experimental findings indicate the sensor's excellent stability and reliability. The sensor's straightforward, comprehensive, and cost-effective design enables its application in chemical, petroleum, biomedical, and other industries.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21689,"journal":{"name":"Sensors and Actuators A-physical","volume":"385 ","pages":"Article 116321"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143419026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A micropump for internal medical use driven by a chemical reaction actuator triggered by melting hydrogel","authors":"Satomitsu Imai,&nbsp;Masaaki Mizukami","doi":"10.1016/j.sna.2025.116314","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sna.2025.116314","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>An actuator that uses a chemical reaction to pressurize a micropump was developed to administer medication inside human body. This actuator can generate high pressure faster than vaporization methods used in previous studies. In this study, CO₂ gas for pumping was generated from the chemical reaction of citric acid and sodium hydrogen carbonate. The actuator is characterized by melting hydrogels to trigger the chemical reaction. The reagent powders utilize the water from the melted gel to initiate the chemical reaction. The small pieces of gel fabricated by Liquid Marble technique accelerated the chemical reaction and performed better than bulk gels. Ultrasonic heating was chosen to heat the trigger gels while the micropump is inside the human body. In the experiment, ultrasonic wave (20 W, 450 kHz) was applied through a pseudo human skin (agarose gel) to melt the trigger gel, causing the reagent to be ejected from the micropump within a few minutes. The chemical reaction chamber (φ12 mm × h10 mm) generated a pressure of approximately 2.4 × 10⁴ Pa (240 g/cm²) using 0.3 g of the reagent powder and 0.2 g of the trigger gel. The micropump could eject 0.33 g of liquid from a 0.5 ml ejection chamber, which is considered sufficient for direct administration into the human body.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21689,"journal":{"name":"Sensors and Actuators A-physical","volume":"386 ","pages":"Article 116314"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143463445","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}