Sensors and Actuators A-physical最新文献_第2页

Capacitive stretch sensors for knee motion and muscle activity tracking for gait analysis

IF 4.1 3区工程技术

Sensors and Actuators A-physical Pub Date : 2025-04-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.sna.2025.116574

Fei Huang , Yuting Zhu , Lei Shi , Mei Ying Teo , Sivakumar Kandasamy , Kean Aw

{"title":"Capacitive stretch sensors for knee motion and muscle activity tracking for gait analysis","authors":"Fei Huang , Yuting Zhu , Lei Shi , Mei Ying Teo , Sivakumar Kandasamy , Kean Aw","doi":"10.1016/j.sna.2025.116574","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sna.2025.116574","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Gait analysis is crucial for understanding human movement and has significant health monitoring and rehabilitation implications. However, current methods for analyzing walking gait often lack accuracy and comfort. While flexible sensors are typically used to measure knee angles, they do not adequately monitor muscle activity in the calf and thigh, which is essential for a comprehensive gait analysis. To address this, we developed capacitive stretch sensors using a parallel plate capacitance model, combining Ecoflex with Carbon Black as the conductive material and Ecoflex as the flexible, stretchable substrate. Three of these sensors were attached to a knee brace, resulting in a lightweight, comfortable, and user-friendly measurement system. This integration significantly reduces sensor hysteresis errors. The knee brace converts knee bending angle and muscle activity into electrical signals, allowing for detailed analysis. This enables the recognition of different walking gaits by distinguishing between knee-bending angles and muscle activities. The use of an integrated knee brace with flexible stretch sensors offers precise gait measurements and valuable data for applications in human health monitoring, rehabilitation training, sports monitoring, and human-computer interaction, presenting broad prospects for future use.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21689,"journal":{"name":"Sensors and Actuators A-physical","volume":"390 ","pages":"Article 116574"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143844143","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

High-resolution parametric characterization of snap-through behaviour in bistable PiezoMEMS membranes

IF 4.1 3区工程技术

Sensors and Actuators A-physical Pub Date : 2025-04-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.sna.2025.116548

Mahdi Mortada , Proloy Taran Das , Ulrich Schmid , Michael Schneider

{"title":"High-resolution parametric characterization of snap-through behaviour in bistable PiezoMEMS membranes","authors":"Mahdi Mortada , Proloy Taran Das , Ulrich Schmid , Michael Schneider","doi":"10.1016/j.sna.2025.116548","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sna.2025.116548","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study presents a novel parameter space representation of bistable PiezoMEMS (piezoelectric micro-electromechanical systems) devices characterized by fractal tongue-like patterns similar to Arnold tongues. The parameter space is measured by analysing the snap-through trajectory of a compressively pre-stressed bistable thin film aluminium nitride (AlN) based PiezoMEMS membrane. The snap-through initiation is achieved by applying parameterized electrical signals comprised of rectangular pulses, frequency range is swept from 60 to 120 kHz covering the first resonance mode and peak-to-peak voltage starting from 15 and reaching 72.5 V. Several measurements were performed for 2, 3, 4, 5 and 20 pulses. The results show how different key metrics depend on both frequency and amplitude, but also develop while increasing the number of excitation pulses. For 2 and 3 pulses, uncluttered and organized patterns emerge, which tend towards seemingly more chaotic configurations for higher numbers of pulses. Our work discusses four different metrics of behaviour: probability of permanent switching, number of snap-throughs, correlation relation of the velocity trajectories and the time needed for the first snap-through. Finally, a simple simulation of a Duffing equation is presented that showed highly comparable results, when stimulated for a high number of pulses, to that of the 20 electrical pulses measurements. We reached significant displacement values of 8 to <span><math><mrow><mn>10</mn><mspace></mspace><mi>μ</mi><mi>m</mi></mrow></math></span> when moving from one ground state to another with membranes having a thickness of <span><math><mrow><mn>3</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>2</mn><mspace></mspace><mi>μ</mi><mi>m</mi></mrow></math></span> and diameters ranging from 600 to <span><math><mrow><mn>800</mn><mspace></mspace><mi>μ</mi><mi>m</mi></mrow></math></span>. These features make those bistable devices great candidates for PiezoMEMS actuators like ultrasonic emitters.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21689,"journal":{"name":"Sensors and Actuators A-physical","volume":"389 ","pages":"Article 116548"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143838114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Design optimization and performance enhancement of electroosmotic pumps for tactile applications using Taguchi-based methodology

IF 4.1 3区工程技术

Sensors and Actuators A-physical Pub Date : 2025-04-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.sna.2025.116568

Hsu-Feng Chang, Shyang-Jye Chang

{"title":"Design optimization and performance enhancement of electroosmotic pumps for tactile applications using Taguchi-based methodology","authors":"Hsu-Feng Chang, Shyang-Jye Chang","doi":"10.1016/j.sna.2025.116568","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sna.2025.116568","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>With the rapid development of Extended Reality (XR) technology, haptic feedback systems play a crucial role in human-machine interfaces. However, traditional haptic feedback devices face challenges of excessive weight and high energy consumption due to actuator size limitations. This research applies the Taguchi method to optimize the electrode geometric structure of Electrode-embedded Electroosmotic Pumps (EEOPs) to enhance haptic feedback performance. Through systematic investigation of key geometric parameters including conductor circle diameter, hole diameter, hole pitch, and grid line spacing, optimal design criteria for EEOPs were established. Experimental results demonstrated that the optimized design achieved a flow rate of 96.67 μL/5 s. Temporal analysis revealed two distinct operational phases: an initial phase (0–800ms) with flow velocity reaching 0.25 μL/ms, and a stable phase (800–2000ms) maintaining 0.14 μL/ms. Compared to previous designs, the optimized EEOPs showed 188 % flow rate improvement in the initial phase and 73–79 % enhancement in the stable phase. The study established an optimal hole-to-conductive area ratio range of 19.35–32.857 %. Additionally, standardized manufacturing processes and modular control systems were developed to ensure experimental repeatability and system stability. The research findings provide comprehensive design guidelines for high-performance EEOPs in haptic feedback applications and establish foundations for future multi-channel haptic feedback system development.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21689,"journal":{"name":"Sensors and Actuators A-physical","volume":"389 ","pages":"Article 116568"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143828890","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A human cruciate ligament-mimic crossed four-bar linkage actuator for reconstructing mixed reality gait under multiphase flow pressure

IF 4.1 3区工程技术

Sensors and Actuators A-physical Pub Date : 2025-04-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.sna.2025.116567

Jihun Lee , Gi Jung Nam , Jungmin Lee , Jongmin Seo , Gwuidong Ryu , Kisoo Kim , Won Gu Lee

{"title":"A human cruciate ligament-mimic crossed four-bar linkage actuator for reconstructing mixed reality gait under multiphase flow pressure","authors":"Jihun Lee , Gi Jung Nam , Jungmin Lee , Jongmin Seo , Gwuidong Ryu , Kisoo Kim , Won Gu Lee","doi":"10.1016/j.sna.2025.116567","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sna.2025.116567","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, we present a biomimetic mixed reality (MR) wearable device that enables users to experience the dynamic multiphase pressure of avatar locomotion within metaverse environments governed by flow physics. Our research focuses on developing a biomimetic crossed-four-bar linkage mechanism inspired by human cruciate ligaments to facilitate smooth and realistic gait patterns. The engineered mechanism achieves enhanced gait stability, demonstrating a minimal error margin of 2.8% in knee joint motion, and regulates torque output to a maximum of 5 N-m using geared motor reducers. The study successfully simulated diverse flow pressure scenarios and subsequently translated these simulations into real-time torque feedback, enhancing user interaction and system responsiveness. This innovative approach holds significant potential in creating adaptive MR environments for virtual platform applications, such as digital underwater gait rehabilitation, flow-resistive military exercises, and exploratory pre-training for space travelers.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21689,"journal":{"name":"Sensors and Actuators A-physical","volume":"389 ","pages":"Article 116567"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143829540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Low-temperature 3D-printing conductive hydrogel based sensing materials for highly sensitive soft strain sensors

IF 4.1 3区工程技术

Sensors and Actuators A-physical Pub Date : 2025-04-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.sna.2025.116571

Zhiteng Duan , Yihao Hou , Yanjiao Chang , Qian Zhao , Mingzhuo Guo , Siyang Wu , Shengzhu Zhou , Yunhai Ma

{"title":"Low-temperature 3D-printing conductive hydrogel based sensing materials for highly sensitive soft strain sensors","authors":"Zhiteng Duan , Yihao Hou , Yanjiao Chang , Qian Zhao , Mingzhuo Guo , Siyang Wu , Shengzhu Zhou , Yunhai Ma","doi":"10.1016/j.sna.2025.116571","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sna.2025.116571","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A highly sensitive conductive hydrogel sensing material and its soft strain sensor were successfully developed by combining low-temperature 3D printing technology with in-situ reduction of silver particles on polyvinyl alcohol-carboxymethyl cellulose (PVA-CMC) hydrogel matrix surfaces. Excellent mechanical strength and diverse structural forms were exhibited by the low-temperature 3D printed PVA-CMC hydrogel matrix. After conductive functionalization, high sensitivity characteristics were achieved by the conductive hydrogel via sensing mechanisms, which were primarily based on the microcracks in the silver particle layer and the unfolding tunneling effect of soft hydrogel layers. Various human physiological signals such as pulse, as well as subtle loads like airflow and water droplets, can be effectively monitored. A distinct and unique polynomial functional relationship with applied loads was demonstrated by the resistance changes of the conductive hydrogel. When the conductive hydrogel was utilized as a sensing material in array form within a resistance acquisition and display system, the magnitude and position of various load forms can be accurately displayed in real-time. The error between the actual load measured by the conductive hydrogel and the theoretical value was found to be only 0.008 N. An effective solution for developing highly sensitive and stable conductive hydrogel-based strain sensors for micro-strain applications was provided by this work, while the development and practical application of conductive hydrogel-based flexible strain sensors can be promoted by the customization advantages of low-temperature 3D printing.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21689,"journal":{"name":"Sensors and Actuators A-physical","volume":"389 ","pages":"Article 116571"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143823470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Colorimetric and smartphone-based dual modality sensing platform for detection of ascorbic acid 基于比色法和智能手机的抗坏血酸检测双模式传感平台

IF 4.1 3区工程技术

Sensors and Actuators A-physical Pub Date : 2025-04-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.sna.2025.116573

Ekta Arjundas Kukreja , Ravi Mani Tripathi , Sang J. Chung

{"title":"Colorimetric and smartphone-based dual modality sensing platform for detection of ascorbic acid","authors":"Ekta Arjundas Kukreja , Ravi Mani Tripathi , Sang J. Chung","doi":"10.1016/j.sna.2025.116573","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sna.2025.116573","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ascorbic acid (AA) is a vital vitamin possessing antioxidant properties which is used to prevent and treat diseases like scurvy and cancer. Therefore, precise detection of ultra-low concentrations of AA is one of the crucial challenges and is also important for therapeutic applications. We have evaluated for the first time the nanozymatic activity of ZnO-Pd nanobolts for the detection of AA. The present study has developed a nanozyme-based colorimetric detection assay for AA using a chromogenic substrate 3,3′,5,5′-Tetramethylbenzidine (TMB). ZnO-Pd nanobolts exhibited strong peroxidase mimetic activity by oxidizing chromogenic substrate TMB. Colorless TMB was oxidised to blue color ox-TMB by the action of ZnO-Pd nanobolts in the presence of hydrogen peroxide (H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>). The detection of AA was based on a turn-off approach where addition of AA to the reaction mixture induced a reduction reaction. This reduces the ox-TMB to TMB causing the blue color of the solution to fade. The assay was tested with multiple serum containing substances and showed high specificity toward AA. The sensitivity of the assay was studied over a linear range of 0.05–128 µM, and the results were analysed by measuring the intensity of the colored solution using UV-Vis spectroscopy. The LOD and LOQ of the assay were found to be 0.031 µM and 0.094 µM respectively. Additionally, smartphone analysis was carried out for attaining a relationship between the color intensity of the reaction solution and concentrations of the AA. The method was used for determination of AA in vitamin C tablets for assessing the practical application of the assay.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21689,"journal":{"name":"Sensors and Actuators A-physical","volume":"389 ","pages":"Article 116573"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143822355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Design and implementation of a highly sensitive MEMS vector hydrophone based on resonance effect

IF 4.1 3区工程技术

Sensors and Actuators A-physical Pub Date : 2025-04-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.sna.2025.116556

Jiangjiang Wang, Guojun Zhang, Jie Zhang, Yanan Geng, Xiangzheng Kong, Yabo Zhang, Zimeng Guo, Wenqing Zhang, Yuhui Zhang, Tianzuo Wei, Li Jia, Wendong Zhang

{"title":"Design and implementation of a highly sensitive MEMS vector hydrophone based on resonance effect","authors":"Jiangjiang Wang, Guojun Zhang, Jie Zhang, Yanan Geng, Xiangzheng Kong, Yabo Zhang, Zimeng Guo, Wenqing Zhang, Yuhui Zhang, Tianzuo Wei, Li Jia, Wendong Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.sna.2025.116556","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sna.2025.116556","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In recent years, underwater target stealth technology has been progressed, bringing significant challenges to hydroacoustic detection technology. Aiming at the problem of difficulty in achieving weak target detection with the current hydrophone, this paper presents the resonance structure of a Micro-Electro-Mechanical-System (MEMS) vector hydrophone. The sensitive unit of the hydrophone is sealed inside the sound-transparent cap encapsulation structure, relying on the cilium-sensitive structure to perceive the sound-coupled in from the external environment, and using the resonance effect to make the hydrophone have a higher sensitivity near the resonance frequency. The influence of the main structural parameters of the sensitive unit and the sound-transparent cap on the resonant frequency of the hydrophone was analyzed, and the specific dimensions of the cilium microstructure and the sound-transparent cap were determined. The simulation results show that the sensitivity is increased by 32 dB@500 Hz compared with that of the non-resonant state. The design experiments verified are the same as the simulation results. The experimental results show that the resonant coupling of different frequencies can be realized by adjusting the geometry of the cilium and choosing a suitable sound-transparent cap structure, which lays a certain foundation for the realization of long-distance detection of targets.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21689,"journal":{"name":"Sensors and Actuators A-physical","volume":"389 ","pages":"Article 116556"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143829539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A material-independent gas sensing concept by coupling MEMS and acoustic resonance

IF 4.1 3区工程技术

Sensors and Actuators A-physical Pub Date : 2025-04-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.sna.2025.116566

Derin Erkan , Erdinc Tatar

{"title":"A material-independent gas sensing concept by coupling MEMS and acoustic resonance","authors":"Derin Erkan , Erdinc Tatar","doi":"10.1016/j.sna.2025.116566","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sna.2025.116566","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Conventional gas sensing technologies primarily rely on specific materials requiring individual sensor development. We propose a material-independent gas sensing concept that excites and detects the acoustic resonance in a cavity with in-house fabricated in-plane MEMS resonators. The acoustic coupling between the MEMS resonators, determined by the gas viscosity and speed of sound in the gas, is unique for each gas and can act as a gas sensor. Instead of measuring gas effects on a sensing element, the proposed method directly captures the gas resonance as a fundamental advantage. We experimentally demonstrate the acoustic coupling concept with and without an acoustic cavity. Efficient excitation of the acoustic resonance requires high displacement and frequency tuning. So, we modeled and designed length-tapered frequency tuning combs for high displacement (7 µm). We extract the cavity’s acoustic frequency (<em>f</em><sub><em>acs</em></sub>) and quality factor (Q<sub>acs</sub>) as 35.8 kHz and 10, corresponding to 343 m/s speed of sound at room temperature. We prove the functionality and selectivity of the proposed method with semi-controlled gas (CO<sub>2</sub> and O<sub>2</sub>) testing. As expected, the acoustic frequency decreases by 4.2 kHz (>10 % of the MEMS resonators), and the acoustic quality factor increases by 14 % with increased CO<sub>2</sub> concentration. We show the selectivity of our sensor with unique outputs to two different CO<sub>2</sub> and O<sub>2</sub> compositions having the same speed of sound.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21689,"journal":{"name":"Sensors and Actuators A-physical","volume":"389 ","pages":"Article 116566"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143829541","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Ag nanoarray sensors: Theoretical frameworks for surface plasmon enhancement of fluorescence signals

IF 4.1 3区工程技术

Sensors and Actuators A-physical Pub Date : 2025-04-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.sna.2025.116558

Andrii Lopatynskyi , Vitalii Lytvyn , Mariia Khutko , Anatoliy Pinchuk , Volodymyr Chegel

{"title":"Ag nanoarray sensors: Theoretical frameworks for surface plasmon enhancement of fluorescence signals","authors":"Andrii Lopatynskyi , Vitalii Lytvyn , Mariia Khutko , Anatoliy Pinchuk , Volodymyr Chegel","doi":"10.1016/j.sna.2025.116558","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sna.2025.116558","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We outline the theoretical analysis of a plasmonic sensor based on plasmon-enhanced fluorescence by nanoarrays on a glass substrate (plasmonic nanochip). We use, as a model, a thermally annealed vacuum-sputtered silver nanoisland film. The parameters of the silver nanostructures are optimized using an analytical model based on dyadic Green’s function and volumetric Lippmann-Schwinger equations. We present analytical simulations of fluorescence enhancement, quenching, as well as quantum yield modification. We obtained optimized distances from the nanostructures to fluorophore molecules that lead to the maximum fluorescence enhancement factor, taking into account the size distribution for silver nanostructures comprising the nanochip. Specifically, a monotonic shift of the fluorescence enhancement factor to higher values with an increase in the mean silver nanostructure radius up to 120 nm was observed. At the same time, the influence of the standard deviation of the mean silver nanostructure radius on the fluorescence enhancement factor was multidirectional for small and large silver nanostructures. As a result, it was shown that the fluorescence enhancement factor could be improved up to ∼120 times compared to that of a non-optimized (base) Ag nanochip and can be as high as an ultimate ∼1000 depending on the light wavelength.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21689,"journal":{"name":"Sensors and Actuators A-physical","volume":"389 ","pages":"Article 116558"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143829538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Gradient-porous ionic polymer composites for deep-sea ultralow-frequency hydrophones

IF 4.1 3区工程技术

Sensors and Actuators A-physical Pub Date : 2025-04-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.sna.2025.116555

Zicai Zhu , Zirui Cai , Yuanji Yao , Zhen-Hua Tang

{"title":"Gradient-porous ionic polymer composites for deep-sea ultralow-frequency hydrophones","authors":"Zicai Zhu , Zirui Cai , Yuanji Yao , Zhen-Hua Tang","doi":"10.1016/j.sna.2025.116555","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sna.2025.116555","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Conventional hydrophones suffer from sophisticated pressure-bearing structure, large acoustic impedance mismatch with water, as well as powerless ultralow-frequency acoustic perception, rendering their practical applications in the field of underwater detection. Inspired by the ion permeation and mechanotransduction mechanisms in underwater organisms, pressure induced charge carrier migration in ionic polymer composite is used to design uncovered hydrophones which are suitable for deep-sea environment, and gradient-porous structure design in the ionic polymer composite makes the stress wave driving charge carriers highly efficient, and ensures the excellent output charge response to hydroacoustic signals. Full-ocean-depth environment simulation testing is conducted and demonstrate that the bare ionic polymer composite membrane could be used in deep-sea high-pressure environment without using any rigid protection out-shells. The finally developed uncovered ionic polymer hydrophone prototype showcases exceptional sound pressure sensitivity grade (-198.2 ± 3 dB) within an ultralow-frequency range (20–200 Hz), which is significantly better than that of the earlier research and commercial hydrophones (-205 dB). This study demonstrates that the low-frequency hydroacoustic detection capability of ionic polymer composites in high-pressure water environments, which can transmit low-frequency sounds into sensitive charge responses, enabling the development of systems for detecting and monitoring underwater vehicles in deep-sea environments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21689,"journal":{"name":"Sensors and Actuators A-physical","volume":"389 ","pages":"Article 116555"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143822405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0