Multi-functional RGO/paper/Ti3C2Tx composite film for self-powered temperature sensor and actuators

IF 4.1 3区工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC

Sensors and Actuators A-physical Pub Date : 2025-05-08 DOI:10.1016/j.sna.2025.116678

Shaofeng Zeng , Nuozhou Yi , Kepei Chen , Yuhao Wan , Zhen Wang , Peidi Zhou , Qiaohang Guo , Kaihuai Yang , Mingcen Weng

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

In recent years, flexible actuators have garnered considerable attention due to their remarkable flexibility and rapid response. The excellent actuation performance of light-driven actuators using two-dimensional materials as photothermal conversion layers, most of them lack sensing capabilities, which limits their application prospects. The external or internal integration of active sensors sacrifices the lightness of the actuators. Therefore, the development of a new type of flexible actuator integrated with self-powered sensors is particularly urgent. We presents a novel light-driven actuator integrating photo-thermoelectric temperature sensing, offering a self-powered, multi-functional actuation system. The actuator is composed of Ti₃C₂T_x, reduced graphene oxide (RGO), paper, and polymer film. The RGO/paper/Ti₃C₂T_x composite film exhibited a Seebeck coefficient of 21.8 μV K⁻¹, which highlights its potential as a highly sensitive and stable self-powered temperature sensor. Under near-infrared (NIR) light irradiation, the actuator demonstrated a bending actuation effect and generated a temperature difference. When NIR light (300 mW cm⁻²) irradiation for 10 s, the temperature difference, maximum voltage, and bending curvature of the actuator can reach 30.1 K, 0.596 mV, and 0.67 cm⁻¹, respectively. Additionally, the BOPP/RGO/paper/Ti₃C₂T_x Marangoni actuator showed light-driven linear motion on the water surface. Specifically, when exposed to NIR light with a power density of 1 W cm⁻², the velocity of the actuator is as large as 23.33 mm s⁻¹. The actuator could navigate complex paths and perform self-powered temperature sensing during motion, providing feedback on its movement direction. The bionic worm demonstrated that the actuator can move directionally based on the irradiation location of NIR light, with output voltage signals indicating the heating areas. In conclusion, the RGO/paper/Ti₃C₂T_x composite film and its actuators hold promise for self-powered sensing applications in flexible electronics and soft robotics.

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用于自供电温度传感器和执行器的多功能RGO/paper/Ti3C2Tx复合薄膜

近年来，柔性执行机构以其显著的灵活性和快速响应性引起了人们的广泛关注。利用二维材料作为光热转换层的驱动驱动器具有优异的驱动性能，但大多缺乏传感能力，限制了其应用前景。主动传感器的外部或内部集成牺牲了执行器的轻便性。因此，开发一种集成自供电传感器的新型柔性执行器显得尤为迫切。我们提出了一种集成光热电温度传感的新型光驱动器，提供了一种自供电的多功能驱动系统。该驱动器由Ti3C2Tx、还原氧化石墨烯（RGO）、纸张和聚合物薄膜组成。RGO/paper/Ti3C2Tx复合膜的塞贝克系数为21.8 μV K−1，具有高灵敏度和稳定性的自供电温度传感器的潜力。在近红外（NIR）光照射下，致动器表现出弯曲致动效应并产生温度差。当近红外光（300 mW cm−2）照射10 s时，执行器的温差、最大电压和弯曲曲率分别达到30.1 K、0.596 mV和0.67 cm−1。此外，BOPP/RGO/paper/Ti3C2Tx Marangoni驱动器在水面上表现出光驱动的线性运动。具体来说，当暴露在功率密度为1 W cm−2的近红外光下时，执行器的速度高达23.33 mm s−1。该驱动器可以导航复杂的路径，并在运动过程中进行自供电温度感应，并提供运动方向的反馈。仿生蠕虫实验表明，执行器可以根据近红外光的照射位置进行定向运动，输出电压信号指示加热区域。总之，RGO/paper/Ti3C2Tx复合薄膜及其致动器有望在柔性电子和软机器人中实现自供电传感应用。

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来源期刊

Sensors and Actuators A-physical 工程技术-工程：电子与电气

CiteScore

8.10

自引率

6.50%

发文量

630

审稿时长

49 days

期刊介绍： Sensors and Actuators A: Physical brings together multidisciplinary interests in one journal entirely devoted to disseminating information on all aspects of research and development of solid-state devices for transducing physical signals. Sensors and Actuators A: Physical regularly publishes original papers, letters to the Editors and from time to time invited review articles within the following device areas: • Fundamentals and Physics, such as: classification of effects, physical effects, measurement theory, modelling of sensors, measurement standards, measurement errors, units and constants, time and frequency measurement. Modeling papers should bring new modeling techniques to the field and be supported by experimental results. • Materials and their Processing, such as: piezoelectric materials, polymers, metal oxides, III-V and II-VI semiconductors, thick and thin films, optical glass fibres, amorphous, polycrystalline and monocrystalline silicon. • Optoelectronic sensors, such as: photovoltaic diodes, photoconductors, photodiodes, phototransistors, positron-sensitive photodetectors, optoisolators, photodiode arrays, charge-coupled devices, light-emitting diodes, injection lasers and liquid-crystal displays. • Mechanical sensors, such as: metallic, thin-film and semiconductor strain gauges, diffused silicon pressure sensors, silicon accelerometers, solid-state displacement transducers, piezo junction devices, piezoelectric field-effect transducers (PiFETs), tunnel-diode strain sensors, surface acoustic wave devices, silicon micromechanical switches, solid-state flow meters and electronic flow controllers. Etc...