Science最新文献

{"title":"Erratum for the Report “Fungal small RNAs suppress plant immunity by hijacking host RNA interference pathways” by A. Weinberg et al.","authors":"","doi":"10.1126/science.aec0182","DOIUrl":"10.1126/science.aec0182","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":21678,"journal":{"name":"Science","volume":"389 6767","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":45.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.science.org/doi/reader/10.1126/science.aec0182","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145135893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Instability in the geological regulation of Earth’s climate","authors":"Dominik Hülse,&nbsp;Andy Ridgwell","doi":"10.1126/science.adh7730","DOIUrl":"10.1126/science.adh7730","url":null,"abstract":"<div >Negative feedback between climate and atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO₂), mediated by the weathering of silicate minerals on land, is thought to provide the primary regulation of Earth’s climate on geological timescales. By contrast, we found that faster feedbacks involving organic matter are not only critical to Earth system recovery but can also create unexpected instability. Our Earth system model experiments show how sedimentary organic carbon burial, amplified by redox-sensitive phosphorus regeneration, can outweigh silicate weathering and paradoxically drive climate overcooling in response to massive CO₂ release. This instability depends on the initial balance between silicate weathering and organic carbon burial in addition to the state of global phosphorus cycling. It is most strongly expressed at intermediate ocean redox states, which may help us understand the timing of past ice ages.</div>","PeriodicalId":21678,"journal":{"name":"Science","volume":"389 6767","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":45.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145134430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Critical habitat thresholds for effective pollinator conservation in agricultural landscapes","authors":"Gabriella A. Bishop,&nbsp;David Kleijn,&nbsp;Matthias Albrecht,&nbsp;Ignasi Bartomeus,&nbsp;Rufus Isaacs,&nbsp;Claire Kremen,&nbsp;Ainhoa Magrach,&nbsp;Lauren C. Ponisio,&nbsp;Simon G. Potts,&nbsp;Jeroen Scheper,&nbsp;Henrik G. Smith,&nbsp;Teja Tscharntke,&nbsp;Jörg Albrecht,&nbsp;Jens Åström,&nbsp;Isabelle Badenhausser,&nbsp;András Báldi,&nbsp;Parthiba Basu,&nbsp;Åsa Berggren,&nbsp;Nicole Beyer,&nbsp;Nico Blüthgen,&nbsp;Riccardo Bommarco,&nbsp;Berry J. Brosi,&nbsp;Hamutahl Cohen,&nbsp;Lorna J. Cole,&nbsp;Kathy R. Denning,&nbsp;Mariano Devoto,&nbsp;Johan Ekroos,&nbsp;Felix Fornoff,&nbsp;Bryan L. Foster,&nbsp;Mark A.K. Gillespie,&nbsp;Jose L. Gonzalez-Andujar,&nbsp;Juan P. González-Varo,&nbsp;Dave Goulson,&nbsp;Ingo Grass,&nbsp;Annika L. Hass,&nbsp;José M. Herrera,&nbsp;Andrea Holzschuh,&nbsp;Sebastian Hopfenmüller,&nbsp;Jordi Izquierdo,&nbsp;Birgit Jauker,&nbsp;Eveliina P. Kallioniemi,&nbsp;Felix Kirsch,&nbsp;Alexandra-Maria Klein,&nbsp;Anikó Kovács-Hostyánszki,&nbsp;Jochen Krauss,&nbsp;Elena Krimmer,&nbsp;William E. Kunin,&nbsp;Supratim Laha,&nbsp;Sandra A.M. Lindström,&nbsp;Yael Mandelik,&nbsp;Gabriel Marcacci,&nbsp;David I. McCracken,&nbsp;Marcos Monasterolo,&nbsp;Lora A. Morandin,&nbsp;Jane Morrison,&nbsp;Sonja Mudri Stojnic,&nbsp;Jeff Ollerton,&nbsp;Anna S. Persson,&nbsp;Benjamin B. Phillips,&nbsp;Julia I. Piko,&nbsp;Eileen F. Power,&nbsp;Gabriela M. Quinlan,&nbsp;Maj Rundlöf,&nbsp;Chloé A. Raderschall,&nbsp;Laura G.A. Riggi,&nbsp;Stuart P.M. Roberts,&nbsp;Tohar Roth,&nbsp;Deepa Senapathi,&nbsp;Dara A. Stanley,&nbsp;Ingolf Steffan-Dewenter,&nbsp;Jane C. Stout,&nbsp;Louis Sutter,&nbsp;Marco F. Tanis,&nbsp;Sam Tarrant,&nbsp;Lisette van Kolfschoten,&nbsp;Adam J. Vanbergen,&nbsp;Montserrat Vilà,&nbsp;Vivien von Königslöw,&nbsp;Ante Vujic,&nbsp;Michiel F. WallisDeVries,&nbsp;Ai Wen,&nbsp;Catrin Westphal,&nbsp;Jennifer B. Wickens,&nbsp;Victoria J. Wickens,&nbsp;Nicholas I. Wilkinson,&nbsp;Thomas J. Wood,&nbsp;Thijs P. M. Fijen","doi":"10.1126/science.adr2146","DOIUrl":"10.1126/science.adr2146","url":null,"abstract":"<div >Biodiversity in human-dominated landscapes is declining, but evidence-based conservation targets to guide international policies for such landscapes are lacking. We present a framework for informing habitat conservation policies based on the enhancement of habitat quantity and quality and define thresholds of habitat quantity at which it becomes effective to also prioritize habitat quality. We applied this framework to insect pollinators, an important part of agroecosystem biodiversity, by synthesizing 59 studies from 19 countries. Given low habitat quality, hoverflies had the lowest threshold at 6% semi-natural habitat cover, followed by solitary bees (16%), bumble bees (18%), and butterflies (37%). These figures represent minimum habitat thresholds in agricultural landscapes, but when habitat quantity is restricted, marked increases in quality are required to reach similar outcomes.</div>","PeriodicalId":21678,"journal":{"name":"Science","volume":"389 6767","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":45.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145134432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Global selection on insect antipredator coloration","authors":"Iliana Medina,&nbsp;Alice Exnerová,&nbsp;Klára Daňková,&nbsp;Olivier Penacchio,&nbsp;Tom N. Sherratt,&nbsp;Tomáš Albrecht,&nbsp;Sarika Baidya,&nbsp;Renan Janke Bosque,&nbsp;Héloïse Brown,&nbsp;Emily Burdfield-Steel,&nbsp;Kristal E. Cain,&nbsp;Rodrigo Roucourt Cezário,&nbsp;Ylenia Chiari,&nbsp;Carolina Esquivel,&nbsp;Rhainer Guillermo Ferreira,&nbsp;Amanda M. Franklin,&nbsp;Aloise Garvey,&nbsp;Samuel Guchu,&nbsp;Brandon T. Hastings,&nbsp;Kateřina Hotová-Svádová,&nbsp;Yerin Hwang,&nbsp;Changku Kang,&nbsp;John Kasaya,&nbsp;Jennifer Kelley,&nbsp;Yongsu Kim,&nbsp;Krushnamegh Kunte,&nbsp;Felipe Daetto-Liberato,&nbsp;Karl Loeffler-Henry,&nbsp;Vinicius Marques Lopez,&nbsp;Claire MacKay-Dietrich,&nbsp;Johanna Mappes,&nbsp;María Cecilia De Mársico,&nbsp;Viraj Nawge,&nbsp;Peter Njoroge,&nbsp;Ossi Nokelainen,&nbsp;Arka Pal,&nbsp;Archan Paul,&nbsp;Robert Posont,&nbsp;Jan Raška,&nbsp;Juan Carlos Reboreda,&nbsp;Juan Manuel Rojas Ripari,&nbsp;Hannah M. Rowland,&nbsp;Maria de las Nieves Sabio,&nbsp;Camilo Salazar,&nbsp;Fabian C. Salgado-Roa,&nbsp;Steve A. Stephens-Cárdenas,&nbsp;Anita Szabó,&nbsp;Juan Pablo Mongui Torres,&nbsp;Jolyon Troscianko,&nbsp;Marie Truhlářová,&nbsp;Kate D. L. Umbers,&nbsp;Molly Venton,&nbsp;Makenzie Vitasovich,&nbsp;Lu-Yi Wang,&nbsp;Sarah-Sophie Weil,&nbsp;William L. Allen","doi":"10.1126/science.adr7368","DOIUrl":"10.1126/science.adr7368","url":null,"abstract":"<div >Natural selection has repeatedly led to the evolution of two alternative antipredator color strategies—camouflage to avoid detection and aposematism to advertise unprofitability—but we lack understanding of how ecological context favors one strategy over the other. We conducted a globally replicated predation experiment at 21 sites on six continents to test how predator community, prey community, and visual environment influenced the predation risk of 15,018 artificial paper “moth” prey with cryptic or warning coloration. Results indicated that aposematic strategies fare better in environments with low predation intensity, whereas camouflage strategies are advantaged when other camouflaged prey species are rare and when light levels are low. This study demonstrates how multiple mechanisms shape antipredator strategies, helping to explain the evolution and global distribution of camouflaged and aposematic animals.</div>","PeriodicalId":21678,"journal":{"name":"Science","volume":"389 6767","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":45.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145134426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"NSF held captive.","authors":"Jeffrey Mervis","doi":"10.1126/science.aec5123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aec5123","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Trump directives have undermined a 75-year history of independence and threaten the agency's vaunted track record for excellence.</p>","PeriodicalId":21678,"journal":{"name":"Science","volume":"389 6767","pages":"1286-1290"},"PeriodicalIF":45.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145150691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ethicists flirt with AI for reviewing human research.","authors":"Celina Zhao","doi":"10.1126/science.aec5467","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aec5467","url":null,"abstract":"Large language models could help reduce backlog of study proposals, but critics are wary of entrusting ethics to machines.","PeriodicalId":21678,"journal":{"name":"Science","volume":"91 1","pages":"1281-1282"},"PeriodicalIF":56.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145140284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predicting protein-protein interactions in the human proteome.","authors":"Jing Zhang,Ian R Humphreys,Jimin Pei,Jinuk Kim,Chulwon Choi,Rongqing Yuan,Jesse Durham,Siqi Liu,Hee-Jung Choi,Minkyung Baek,David Baker,Qian Cong","doi":"10.1126/science.adt1630","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1126/science.adt1630","url":null,"abstract":"Protein-protein interactions (PPI) are essential for biological function. Coevolutionary analysis and deep learning (DL) based protein structure prediction have enabled comprehensive PPI identification in bacteria and yeast, but these approaches have had limited success for the more complex human proteome. We overcame this challenge by enhancing the coevolutionary signals with 7-fold deeper multiple sequence alignments harvested from 30 petabytes of unassembled genomic data and developing a new DL network trained on augmented datasets of domain-domain interactions from 200 million predicted protein structures. We systematically screened 200 million human protein pairs and predicted 17,849 interactions with an expected precision of 90%, of which 3,631 interactions were not identified in previous experimental screens. Three-dimensional models of these predicted interactions provide numerous hypotheses about protein function and mechanisms of human diseases.","PeriodicalId":21678,"journal":{"name":"Science","volume":"122 1","pages":"eadt1630"},"PeriodicalIF":56.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145140299","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neural basis of cooperative behavior in biological and artificial intelligence systems.","authors":"Mengping Jiang,Linfan Gu,Mingyi Ma,Qin Li,Jonathan C Kao,Weizhe Hong","doi":"10.1126/science.adw8151","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1126/science.adw8151","url":null,"abstract":"Cooperation, the process through which individuals work together to achieve common goals, is fundamental to human and animal societies and increasingly critical in artificial intelligence. Here, we investigated cooperation in mice and artificial intelligence systems, examining how they learn to actively coordinate their actions to obtain shared rewards. We identified key social behavioral strategies and decision-making processes in mice that facilitate successful cooperation. These processes are represented in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and ACC activity causally contributes to cooperative behavior. We extended our findings to artificial intelligence systems by training artificial agents in a similar cooperation task. The agents developed behavioral strategies and neural representations reminiscent of those observed in the biological brain, revealing parallels between cooperative behavior in biological and artificial systems.","PeriodicalId":21678,"journal":{"name":"Science","volume":"86 1","pages":"eadw8151"},"PeriodicalIF":56.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145140459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An inheritance of long life","authors":"K. Adam Bohnert","doi":"10.1126/science.aeb2633","DOIUrl":"10.1126/science.aeb2633","url":null,"abstract":"<div >Like many stressors, food deprivation elicits physiological responses not only in affected individuals but also in their progeny. People descended from ancestors who were exposed to food shortage have been reported to live longer than those from well-fed lineages (<i>1</i>, <i>2</i>). Similarly, in the nematode <i>Caenorhabditis elegans</i>, an acute starvation event promotes life-span extension even three generations out from this event (<i>3</i>). Epigenetic mechanisms (heritable changes in gene expression that occur without altering the DNA sequence), including histone modifications, have been implicated in this transgenerational memory (<i>4</i>). Nevertheless, how they are linked to the metabolic state of the parent is not well defined. On page 1353 of this issue, Zhang <i>et al</i>. (<i>5</i>) show that lysosomes, degradative organelles activated by food limitation, stimulate epigenetic changes that contribute to transgenerational longevity in <i>C. elegans</i>. Notably, these changes involve the shuttling of the histone variant HIS-71 from somatic tissue (intestine) to the germ line (reproductive cells).</div>","PeriodicalId":21678,"journal":{"name":"Science","volume":"389 6767","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":45.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145135858","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"What if NIH had been 40% smaller?","authors":"Pierre Azoulay,&nbsp;Matthew Clancy,&nbsp;Danielle Li,&nbsp;Bhaven N. Sampat","doi":"10.1126/science.aeb1564","DOIUrl":"10.1126/science.aeb1564","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":21678,"journal":{"name":"Science","volume":"389 6767","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":45.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.science.org/doi/reader/10.1126/science.aeb1564","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145135891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}