Seminars in nuclear medicine最新文献

{"title":"18F-Fluoride PET/CT—Updates","authors":"Ellen Nogueira-Lima PhD,&nbsp;Thiago Alves MD,&nbsp;Elba Etchebehere MD, PhD","doi":"10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2024.09.005","DOIUrl":"10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2024.09.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Sodium Fluoride-18 production started in the 1940s and was described clinically for the first time in 1962 as a bone-imaging agent. However, its use became dormant with the development of conventional bone scintigraphy, especially due to its low cost. Conventional bone scintigraphy has been the most utilized Nuclear Medicine technique for identifying osteoblastic bone metastases, especially in prostate and breast cancers for decades and is also employed to identify benign bone disease, especially in the orthopedic setting. While bone scintigraphy is highly sensitive, it lacks adequate specificity. With the advent of high-quality 3D Whole-Body Positron Emission Tomography combined with computed tomography (PET/CT), images, Sodium Fluoride-18 imaging with PET/CT (Fluoride PET/CT) re-emerged. This PET/CT bone-imaging agent provides higher sensitivity and specificity to detect bone lesions in both the oncological scenario as well as to identify benign bone and joint disorders. PET/CT bone-imaging provides a precise view of the bone metabolism remodeling processes at a molecular level, throughout the skeleton, and combines anatomical information, enhancing diagnostic specificity and accuracy. This article review will explore the updates on clinical applications of Fluoride PET/CT in oncology and benign conditions encompassing orthopedic, inflammatory and cardiovascular conditions and treatment response assessment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21643,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in nuclear medicine","volume":"54 6","pages":"Pages 951-965"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142406774","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Total Body PET/CT: A Role in Drug Development?","authors":"Xiangxi Meng, Xiangxing Kong, Runze Wu, Zhi Yang","doi":"10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2024.09.006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2024.09.006","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Nowadays, total body PET has already entered the medical centers and enabled various clinical applications due to its superior imaging capabilities, especially the high sensitivity. However, the potential of the total body PET in the clinical evaluation of radiopharmaceuticals remains underexplored. The development and regulatory processes for radiopharmaceuticals present unique challenges that total body PET could address. In the safety evaluation of radiopharmaceuticals, the internal radiation dosimetry demands images with high quality and quantitative accuracy, which can be achieved using the total body PET. The current clinical pharmacokinetic study for radiopharmaceuticals still relies on invasively sampling of blood and other body fluid, causing discomfort of participant and difficulty in implementation. With the total body PET, the radioactive concentration of the drug in various blood vessels can be assessed noninvasively, facilitating the pharmacokinetic study. The parametric analysis over the total body based on compartment models also sheds light on the pharmacokinetics of the radiopharmaceutical. A special requirement for multi-center clinical research involving PET and SPECT is the harmonization of the quantitative performance among different imaging equipment, and the discrepancy between the total body PET and short axial field of view PET scanners may add to the complexity. To date, there are several successful examples of clinical trials of innovative radiopharmaceuticals using the total body PET, involving different types of tracers ranging from small molecules, peptides, nanobodies, minibodies, and aptamers. In conclusion, total body PET has the potential to revolutionize the clinical evaluation of radiopharmaceuticals and will play a crucial role in future drug development.</p>","PeriodicalId":21643,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in nuclear medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142401157","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Total-Body PET/CT: A Role of Artificial Intelligence?","authors":"Qiyang Zhang, Zhenxing Huang, Yuxi Jin, Wenbo Li, Hairong Zheng, Dong Liang, Zhanli Hu","doi":"10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2024.09.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2024.09.002","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of the cutting-edge applications of artificial intelligence (AI) technology in total-body positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) scanning technology and its profound impact on the field of medical imaging. The introduction of total-body PET/CT scanners marked a major breakthrough in medical imaging, as their superior sensitivity and ultralong axial fields of view allowed for high-quality PET images of the entire body to be obtained in a single scan, greatly enhancing the efficiency and accuracy of diagnoses. However, this advancement is accompanied by the challenges of increasing data volumes and data complexity levels, which pose severe challenges for traditional image processing and analysis methods. Given the excellent ability of AI technology to process massive and high-dimensional data, the combination of AI technology and ultrasensitive PET/CT can be considered a complementary match, opening a new path for rapidly improving the efficiency of the PET-based medical diagnosis process. Recently, AI technology has demonstrated extraordinary potential in several key areas related to total-body PET/CT, including radiation dose reductions, dynamic parametric imaging refinements, quantitative analysis accuracy improvements, and significant image quality enhancements. The accelerated adoption of AI in clinical practice is of particular interest and is directly driven by the rapid progress made by AI technologies in terms of interpretability; i.e., the decision-making processes of algorithms and models have become more transparent and understandable. In the future, we believe that AI technology will fundamentally reshape the use of PET/CT, not only playing a more critical role in clinical diagnoses but also facilitating the customization and implementation of personalized healthcare solutions, providing patients with safer, more accurate, and more efficient healthcare experiences.</p>","PeriodicalId":21643,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in nuclear medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142378232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Total-Body PET/CT: Challenges and Opportunities.","authors":"Clemens Mingels, Kevin J Chung, Austin R Pantel, Axel Rominger, Ian Alberts, Benjamin A Spencer, Lorenzo Nardo, Thomas Pyka","doi":"10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2024.08.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2024.08.003","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Long-axial field-of-view (LAFOV) systems have changed the field of molecular imaging. Since their introduction, many PET centers have installed these next-generation digital systems to provide more detailed imaging and acquire PET images in a single bed position. Indeed, vertex to thigh imaging for oncological indications can be obtained in most of the population with the currently available LAFOV systems. Moreover, Total Body (TB) PET, a subtype of LAFOV, enables imaging the entire patient-from vertex through the toes-with one bed-position for most of the population. This review aims to identify possible challenges and opportunities for PET-centers working with TB and LAFOV systems. Emphasis is placed on the strength and weaknesses in clinical routine of currently available and upcoming TB and LAFOV PET systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":21643,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in nuclear medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142353161","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Total-Body PET/CT: Pros and Cons.","authors":"Rodney J Hicks, Robert E Ware, Jason Callahan","doi":"10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2024.07.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2024.07.003","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>PET/CT devices with an axial field-of-view (FOV) of 1 m allow simultaneous imaging from the head to the upper thighs, the typical axial extent of many \"whole-body\" oncological studies acquired by moving a patient sequentially through a conventional FOV device, or rapid total-body imaging using the same approach. Increasing the FOV to around 2 m provides true simultaneous total-body imaging. Either approach dramatically increases the sensitivity for detection of annihilation events arising within the body. For the purposes of this review, both configurations are considered to represent \"total-body\" PET/CT devices because they share both advantages and disadvantages. These pros and cons are discussed in the context of both clinical and research applications from a patient and institutional perspective.</p>","PeriodicalId":21643,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in nuclear medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142294432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Toward Functional PET Imaging of the Spinal Cord.","authors":"Pierre Courault, Luc Zimmer, Sophie Lancelot","doi":"10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2024.07.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2024.07.002","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>At present, spinal cord imaging primarily uses magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or computed tomography (CT), but the greater sensitivity of positron emission tomography (PET) techniques and the development of new radiotracers are paving the way for a new approach. The substantial rise in publications on PET radiotracers for spinal cord exploration indicates a growing interest in the functional and molecular imaging of this organ. The present review aimed to provide an overview of the various radiotracers used in this indication, in preclinical and clinical settings. Firstly, we outline spinal cord anatomy and associated target pathologies. Secondly, we present the state-of-the-art of spinal cord imaging techniques used in clinical practice, with their respective strengths and limitations. Thirdly, we summarize the literature on radiotracers employed in functional PET imaging of the spinal cord. In conclusion, we propose criteria for an ideal radiotracer for molecular spinal cord imaging, emphasizing the relevance of multimodal hybrid cameras, and particularly the benefits of PET-MRI integration.</p>","PeriodicalId":21643,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in nuclear medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142056460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Letter from the Editors","authors":"Kirsten Bouchelouche MD, DMSc,&nbsp;M. Michael Sathekge MD, PhD","doi":"10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2024.08.001","DOIUrl":"10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2024.08.001","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":21643,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in nuclear medicine","volume":"54 5","pages":"Pages 635-637"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141993197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hybrid Imaging: Calcium Score and Myocardial Perfusion Imaging","authors":"Malek Nayfeh MD ,&nbsp;Ahmed Sayed MBBS ,&nbsp;Maria Alwan MD ,&nbsp;Moath Alfawara MD ,&nbsp;Mahmoud Al Rifai MD, MPH ,&nbsp;Mouaz H. Al-Mallah MD, MSc","doi":"10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2024.04.003","DOIUrl":"10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2024.04.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span><span><span>Coronary heart disease (CHD) remains the top cause of death due to </span>cardiovascular conditions<span> worldwide, with someone suffering a myocardial infarction every 40 seconds. This highlights the importance of non-invasive imaging technologies like myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI), which are crucial for detecting </span></span>coronary artery disease (CAD) early, even before symptoms appear. However, the reliance solely on MPI has shifted due to its limitations in definitively ruling out </span>atherosclerosis<span><span><span>, leading to the adoption of hybrid imaging techniques<span>. Hybrid imaging combines computed tomography (CT) with MPI techniques such as </span></span>positron emission tomography<span> (PET) and single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). This integration, often within a single gantry system, enhances the diagnostic accuracy by allowing for attenuation correction (AC), acquisition of the coronary artery calcium score (CACS), and more precise tracing of </span></span>radiotracer<span> uptake. The built-in CT in modern MPI systems assists in these functions, which is essential for better diagnosis and risk assessment in patients. The addition of CACS to MPI, a method involving the assessment of calcified plaque in coronary arteries, notably enhances diagnostic and prognostic capabilities. CACS helps in identifying atherosclerosis and predicting potential cardiac events, facilitating personalized risk management and the initiation of tailored interventions like statins and aspirin. Such comprehensive imaging strategies not only improve the accuracy of detecting CAD but also help in stratifying patient risk more effectively. In this paper, we discuss how the incorporation of CAC into MPI protocols enhances the diagnostic sensitivity for detecting obstructive CAD, as evidenced by several studies where the addition of CAC to MPI has led to improved outcomes in diagnosing CAD. Moreover, CAC has been shown to unmask silent coronary atherosclerosis in patients with normal MPI results, highlighting its incremental diagnostic value. We will discuss the evolving role of hybrid imaging in guiding therapeutic decisions, particularly the use of statins for cardiovascular prevention. The integration of CAC assessment with MPI not only aids in the early detection and management of CAD but also optimizes therapeutic strategies, enhancing patient care through a more accurate and personalized approach. Such advancements underscore the need for further research to fully establish the benefits of combining CAC with MPI in the clinical assessment of cardiovascular risk.</span></span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":21643,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in nuclear medicine","volume":"54 5","pages":"Pages 638-647"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141735015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Radionuclide Imaging of Cardiac Amyloidosis: An Update and Future Aspects","authors":"","doi":"10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2024.05.012","DOIUrl":"10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2024.05.012","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span><span><span><span>Cardiac amyloidosis<span><span> (CA) is caused by the misfolding, accumulation and aggregation of proteins into large fibrils in the extracellular compartment of the myocardium, leading to </span>restrictive cardiomyopathy, heart failure and death. The major forms are </span></span>transthyretin (ATTR) CA and light-chain (AL) CA, based on the respective </span>precursor protein<span>. Each of them requires early diagnosis for a timely treatment initiation that will improve patient outcomes. For this, radionuclide imaging is essentially used as single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) with bone-avid </span></span>radiotracers<span><span> or as positron emission tomography<span> (PET) with amyloid-binding radiotracers. Both offer unprecedented specificity for the diagnostic of CA. SPECT has even revolutionized the diagnosis of ATTR-CA by making it non-invasive. Indeed, SPECT has now entered the standard diagnostic pathway to CA and has led to earlier diagnosis of the disease. SPECT also modified the epidemiology of ATTR-CA, highlighting that the disease is much more frequent than previously believed, and showing that ATTR-CA plays a substantial role in </span></span>HFpEF<span> and aortic stenosis<span>, particularly among elderly patients. In parallel, amyloid-binding radiotracers for PET have accumulated a substantial amount of evidence, but are not approved for clinical use in CA yet. Further studies are needed to refine acquisition protocols and validate results in broader populations. Unlike bone-avid SPECT radiotracers, PET radiotracers have been specifically created to bind to amyloid fibrils. Thus, PET is the only imaging method that is truly specific for amyloid deposits and very sensitive to any amyloid type. Indeed, PET can not only detect ATTR-CA, but also AL-CA and rare hereditary forms. For both SPECT and PET, advances in quantitation of myocardial uptake have generated more granular and reproducible findings, paving the way for progress in earlier diagnosis, risk stratification<span> and therapeutic response monitoring. Encouraging findings have shown that SPECT and PET are sensitive to early CA when other diagnostic methods are negative. Both radionuclide imaging techniques can predict </span></span></span></span></span>adverse outcomes<span>, but more evidence is needed to determine how to use them in conjunction with usual prognostic staging scores. Studies on follow-up imaging after therapy suggested that SPECT and PET can capture myocardial changes in CA, but again, more data are needed to meaningfully interpret such changes. Based on all these promising results, radionuclide imaging has the potential to further impact the landscape of CA in diagnosis, prognosis and follow-up, but also to substantially contribute to the assessment of novel therapies that will improve the lives of patients with CA.</span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":21643,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in nuclear medicine","volume":"54 5","pages":"Pages 717-732"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141498920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Rebirth of Radioimmunotherapy of Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma: The Phoenix of Nuclear Medicine?","authors":"Richard L. Wahl MD ,&nbsp;Brad Kahl MD","doi":"10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2024.06.002","DOIUrl":"10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2024.06.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In Greek mythology, The Phoenix is an immortal bird that dies, but then achieves new life by rising from the ashes of its predecessor. Radioimmunotherapy (RIT) of B-cell Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) is a field which once began to fly high—with FDA approval of the anti-CD20 RITs Zevalin® and Bexxar® in 2002 and 2003 respectively, as safe and effective therapies of NHL. However, despite their therapeutic efficacy, Bexxar® was withdrawn from the market by the manufacturer in 2014 due to limited commercial demand and Zevalin® has had very limited to no availability of late. I-131 rituximab is used to a limited extent in Australia, India and other countries, as well.</p><p>But has RIT of NHL been (perhaps prematurely) left for dead by many? Given the current great clinical and commercial interest in radiopharmaceutical therapies of cancer, notably PSMA and SSTR targeting agents in prostate and neuroendocrine cancers, can radioimmunotherapy of NHL—like the mythical Phoenix—now rise from its ashes in an even better form to fly higher, faster, farther and longer than before?</p></div>","PeriodicalId":21643,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in nuclear medicine","volume":"54 4","pages":"Pages 513-529"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0001299824000552/pdfft?md5=b833aefa8485793f3e088110aae5fbea&pid=1-s2.0-S0001299824000552-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141634482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}