Seminars in nuclear medicine最新文献

Positron emission tomography imaging of inflammation and infection in children: an update. 儿童炎症和感染的正电子发射断层成像：最新进展。

IF 5.9 2区医学

Seminars in nuclear medicine Pub Date : 2026-05-06 DOI: 10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2026.04.006

André H Dias, Marie Ø Fosbøl, Oleksandra V Ivashchenko, Flemming L Andersen, Ole L Munk, Riemer H J A Slart, Andor W J M Glaudemans, Lars C Gormsen

{"title":"Positron emission tomography imaging of inflammation and infection in children: an update.","authors":"André H Dias, Marie Ø Fosbøl, Oleksandra V Ivashchenko, Flemming L Andersen, Ole L Munk, Riemer H J A Slart, Andor W J M Glaudemans, Lars C Gormsen","doi":"10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2026.04.006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2026.04.006","url":null,"abstract":"Positron emission tomography (PET) has been used in pediatric oncology since the modality gained traction 20 years ago but has been used more sparingly in infectious and inflammatory diseases due to the ionizing radiation involved. However, more recent PET/CT systems allowing for the reduction of radiation dose have resulted in markedly more referrals, for these indications, over the past decade. Pediatric patients present unique challenges due to age-dependent physiology, nonspecific symptoms, and comorbidities, complicating diagnosis and limiting the utility of conventional imaging. [¹⁸F]-Fluorodeoxyglucose ([18F]FDG) PET/CT offers sensitive whole-body assessment, allowing the evaluation of systemic disease burden, guiding targeted microbiological sampling, and frequently contributing to differential diagnosis. Diagnostic accuracy is generally high for detecting active disease, and PET findings frequently lead to treatment modifications. Optimized imaging protocols that reduce radiation exposure, shorten acquisition times, and often eliminate the need for sedation have become even more important with the introduction of high sensitivity long axial field-of-view (LAFOV) PET/CT systems. LAFOV PET/CT also enables use of pathogen- and immune-targeted radiotracers with long half-lives in humans and may therefore combined with artificial intelligence-driven reconstruction techniques significantly enhance specificity, image quality, and feasibility of repeated PET imaging in children. In this review, we synthesize current evidence, clinical indications, technical considerations, and emerging technologies to provide a practical framework for integration of PET into pediatric diagnostic pathways for infection and inflammation.","PeriodicalId":21643,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in nuclear medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2026-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147842622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Advancements in PET imaging of inflammatory cardiac diseases. 炎症性心脏疾病的PET成像研究进展。

IF 5.9 2区医学

Seminars in nuclear medicine Pub Date : 2026-04-30 DOI: 10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2026.04.007

Sebastian Bund, Mia Ståhle, Samia Massalha, Kshama Wechalekar, Axel Rominger, Federico Caobelli

引用次数: 0

Radiopharmaceuticals for imaging T-cells. 用于t细胞成像的放射性药物。

IF 5.9 2区医学

Seminars in nuclear medicine Pub Date : 2026-04-27 DOI: 10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2026.03.001

Chiara Lauri, Erik Aarntzen, Andor W Glaudemans, Jelena Levi, Alberto Signore

{"title":"Radiopharmaceuticals for imaging T-cells.","authors":"Chiara Lauri, Erik Aarntzen, Andor W Glaudemans, Jelena Levi, Alberto Signore","doi":"10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2026.03.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2026.03.001","url":null,"abstract":"In vivo tracking T-lymphocytes is dramatically advancing our understanding of the complex immune landscape in a wide spectrum of autoimmune and cancer diseases. By providing new insights into intricate mechanisms, pathways, molecular interactions and dynamic nature of immune system, this approach paves the way for personalized therapies, tailored to individual patient need. Imaging T-cells is, indeed, emerging as a crucial tool not only for early disease detection, but also for personalized immune-therapy and treatment monitoring, thus enabling a \"precision medicine\". T-lymphocytes offers several accessible molecular targets suitable for immune-imaging, including the well-characterized CD3, CD8 and CD4 surface markers. Consequently, significant efforts have been, and currently are, devoted to develop highly sensitive and specific radiopharmaceuticals for single photon emission tomography (SPECT), positron emission tomography (PET). These advanced tools aim to non-invasively visualize and quantify these key targets and to assess the functional status of T-lymphocytes within tumor microenvironment or sites of autoimmune inflammation. This narrative review aims at providing a deep overview of the main strategies adopted so far for imaging T-cells and their subsets, emphasizing current and prospective clinical applications in autoimmune diseases and immune-oncology. Furthermore, advancements and challenges in successfully translating these approaches into clinical practice will be also discussed. We will discuss the great potential of T-cells imaging to significantly improve patient's outcome and revolutionize the management of these challangind diseases.","PeriodicalId":21643,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in nuclear medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147779993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Updates on tuberculosis imaging. 结核病影像学的最新进展。

IF 5.9 2区医学

Seminars in nuclear medicine Pub Date : 2026-04-23 DOI: 10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2026.04.005

Ismaheel O Lawal, Alfred O Ankrah, Sofiullah Abubakar, Honest Ndlovu, Aisha Ismaila, Mike M Sathekge

{"title":"Updates on tuberculosis imaging.","authors":"Ismaheel O Lawal, Alfred O Ankrah, Sofiullah Abubakar, Honest Ndlovu, Aisha Ismaila, Mike M Sathekge","doi":"10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2026.04.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2026.04.005","url":null,"abstract":"Tuberculosis (TB) remains a leading infectious cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, and major diagnostic and therapeutic challenges persist despite advances in microbiologic and molecular testing. Over the past decade, molecular imaging, especially with FDG PET/CT, has transformed our understanding of TB pathogenesis, the spectrum of early and subclinical disease, mechanisms of dissemination, and treatment response. This review synthesizes key recent developments in TB imaging, focusing on studies published since prior Seminars in Nuclear Medicine reviews. New non-human primate and human PET/CT data provide unprecedented insight into the spatial and temporal evolution of granulomas, demonstrating highly localized microanatomic seeding, bronchogenic spread pathways, and heterogeneous lesion biology that strongly influence treatment outcomes. Imaging studies in asymptomatic individuals reveal that metabolically active subclinical TB is common and strongly predictive of future progression, redefining the spectrum of latent infection. In treatment monitoring, FDG PET/CT consistently outperforms conventional microbiologic biomarkers, correlating with lesion-level sterilization and identifying patients at risk for relapse, particularly when persistent metabolic activity remains at the end of therapy. The introduction of emerging tracers, such as integrin-targeted probes, offers complementary characterization of granuloma angiogenesis, immune microenvironments, and host-pathogen dynamics beyond glucose metabolism. Future priorities include the development of TB-specific radiotracers, the integration of PET with advanced computational modeling and AI-based quantification, and the translation of imaging biomarkers into individualized treatment strategies and drug-development pipelines. Collectively, these advances position molecular imaging as a central tool in elucidating TB biology and accelerating progress toward improved diagnostic, therapeutic, and prevention strategies.","PeriodicalId":21643,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in nuclear medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147779955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Role of FAPI PET/CT in the Assessment of Inflammatory Diseases. FAPI PET/CT在炎性疾病评估中的作用

IF 5.9 2区医学

Seminars in nuclear medicine Pub Date : 2026-04-22 DOI: 10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2026.04.003

Elnaz Jenabi, Masatoshi Hotta, Armin Atzinger, Elizabeth Volkmann, Theresa Jung, Matthieu Bailly, Christian Pirich, Jeremie Calais, Torsten Kuwert, Mohsen Beheshti

{"title":"The Role of FAPI PET/CT in the Assessment of Inflammatory Diseases.","authors":"Elnaz Jenabi, Masatoshi Hotta, Armin Atzinger, Elizabeth Volkmann, Theresa Jung, Matthieu Bailly, Christian Pirich, Jeremie Calais, Torsten Kuwert, Mohsen Beheshti","doi":"10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2026.04.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2026.04.003","url":null,"abstract":"PET/CT imaging with radiolabeled fibroblast activation protein inhibitors (FAPI), as an emerging modality for imaging fibroinflammatory diseases, targets activated fibroblasts involved in active tissue remodeling and fibrogenesis. Although initially introduced for oncologic indications, FAPI PET imaging provides a distinctive molecular insight into various fibroinflammatory conditions, including rheumatologic disorders, interstitial lung disease, inflammatory bowel disease, thyroid inflammation, and multiorgan immune‑mediated diseases. Unlike 18F-FDG PET/CT, which reveals the metabolic demand of inflammatory cells, FAPI PET imaging enables non-invasive distinction between active cellular inflammation and permanent fibrotic changes. Several studies demonstrate its exceptional diagnostic performance and the potential to monitor therapeutic response to anti-fibrotic and immunomodulatory medications. Despite these encouraging results, the transition of FAPI PET into routine clinical practice requires large-scale, multi-center prospective trials to standardize imaging protocols and establish validated diagnostic thresholds and interpretation criteria. Ultimately, FAPI imaging and theranostics have significant potential to revolutionize precision medicine for inflammatory and fibrotic disorders.","PeriodicalId":21643,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in nuclear medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147779970","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Optimizing PET/CT and SPECT/CT in infection imaging: Acquisition, interpretation, and pitfalls. 优化PET/CT和SPECT/CT在感染成像：获取，解释和陷阱。

IF 5.9 2区医学

Seminars in nuclear medicine Pub Date : 2026-04-21 DOI: 10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2026.03.013

Elite Arnon-Sheleg, Zohar Keidar

引用次数: 0

New targets for PET imaging of inflammation. 炎症PET成像的新靶点。

IF 5.9 2区医学

Seminars in nuclear medicine Pub Date : 2026-04-20 DOI: 10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2026.04.002

Giorgio Treglia, Alessio Rizzo, Domenico Albano

{"title":"New targets for PET imaging of inflammation.","authors":"Giorgio Treglia, Alessio Rizzo, Domenico Albano","doi":"10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2026.04.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2026.04.002","url":null,"abstract":"Positron emission tomography (PET) plays an established role in the evaluation of infectious and inflammatory disorders, with [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose ([18F]FDG) remaining the most widely used tracer in clinical practice. Its broad availability, high sensitivity, and whole-body capability have supported its use in conditions such as fever or inflammation of unknown origin, large-vessel vasculitis, sarcoidosis, inflammatory bowel disease, retroperitoneal fibrosis, and immunoglobulin G4-related disease. However, [18F]FDG has important limitations, including reduced specificity, limited performance in sites of high physiologic uptake, and susceptibility to confounding factors such as hyperglycemia and corticosteroid therapy. These shortcomings have stimulated growing interest in alternative PET radiopharmaceuticals targeting distinct inflammatory pathways. This review summarizes the current clinical landscape of most relevant non-[18F]FDG PET tracers investigated in human inflammatory disorders, including fibroblast activation protein inhibitor radioligands, radiolabeled somatostatin analogues, translocator protein tracers, chemokine receptor 4-directed agents, folate receptor ligands, immuno-PET approaches, and bacteria-specific tracers. Available evidence suggests that these agents may provide complementary information on fibroblast activation, immune-cell recruitment, neuroinflammation, macrophage activity, or pathogen-specific processes, thereby improving lesion characterization in selected settings. Among them, fibroblast activation protein inhibitor PET and somatostatin receptor-targeted PET appear particularly promising, although data remain heterogeneous and mostly preliminary. Overall, emerging PET tracers have the potential to refine the noninvasive assessment of inflammatory disease, but larger prospective studies and standardization of imaging protocols are needed before broader clinical integration.","PeriodicalId":21643,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in nuclear medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147780011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

[¹⁸F]FDG PET/CT imaging in Polyarteritis Nodosa-spectrum vasculitis. [18F]结节性多动脉炎-频谱性血管炎的FDG PET/CT成像。

IF 5.9 2区医学

Seminars in nuclear medicine Pub Date : 2026-04-20 DOI: 10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2026.04.001

Nicolas Martinage, Emmanuel Ledoult, Clio Baillet, Damien Huglo, David Launay

{"title":"[18F]FDG PET/CT imaging in Polyarteritis Nodosa-spectrum vasculitis.","authors":"Nicolas Martinage, Emmanuel Ledoult, Clio Baillet, Damien Huglo, David Launay","doi":"10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2026.04.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2026.04.001","url":null,"abstract":"Polyarteritis nodosa (PAN) is a medium-vessel vasculitis that may lead to severe complications and whose diagnosis remains challenging. While [18F]FDG PET/CT (FDG PET/CT) has become a key imaging modality in giant cell arteritis, it also appears promising for diagnosing PAN. This review summarizes current evidence on the use of FDG PET/CT in PAN-spectrum vasculitis, focusing on nuclear imaging features that may support diagnosis. FDG uptake involving medium-sized arteries, especially in the extremities, is a characteristic finding suggestive of PAN. Additionally, a distinct heterogeneous muscular pattern combining linear and focal uptake-known as the \"ant-farm\" (or \"dirty muscle\") pattern-appears to be associated with PAN-spectrum vasculitis and may indicate vasculitic myopathy, although its specificity and biological basis remain incompletely understood. FDG PET/CT may also reveal imaging findings suggestive of secondary PAN. Finally, its role in disease monitoring and in the evaluation of suspected relapse remains to be clarified. Based on these promising findings, FDG PET/CT may progressively emerge as a biomarker of PAN-spectrum vasculitis, particularly when other tests are inconclusive.","PeriodicalId":21643,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in nuclear medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147779909","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Current status on imaging invasive fungal infections with positron emission tomography. 侵袭性真菌感染的正电子发射断层成像研究现状。

IF 5.9 2区医学

Seminars in nuclear medicine Pub Date : 2026-04-18 DOI: 10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2026.04.004

Alfred O Ankrah, Ismaheel I O Lawal, Honest Ndlovu, Mike M Sathekge

引用次数: 0

Standardization of infection [¹⁸F]FDG-PET/CT imaging protocols and reporting criteria. 感染标准化[18F]FDG-PET/CT成像方案和报告标准。

IF 5.9 2区医学

Seminars in nuclear medicine Pub Date : 2026-04-11 DOI: 10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2026.03.014

Ben F Bulten, Riemer H J A Slart, Andor W J M Glaudemans, Sören Hess, Erik H J G Aarntzen, Olivier Gheysens

引用次数: 0