Seminars in nuclear medicine最新文献

{"title":"Radiolabeled Somatostatin Analogs for Cancer Imaging","authors":"Aamir K. Nazar MD, PhD ,&nbsp;Sandip Basu MD, PhD","doi":"10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2024.07.001","DOIUrl":"10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2024.07.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Somatostatin receptors (SSTR) are expressed by many tumours especially those related to neuro-endocrine origin and molecular functional imaging of SSTR expression using radiolabelled somatostatin analogs have revolutionized imaging of patients with these group of malignancies. Coming a long way from the first radiolabelled somatostatin analog ¹²³I-Tyr-3-octreotide, there has been significant developments in terms of radionuclides used, the ligands and somatostatin derivatives. ¹¹¹In-Pentetreotide extensively employed for imaging NETs at the beginning has now been replaced by ⁶⁸Ga-SSA based PET-CT. SSA-PET/CT performs superior to conventional imaging modalities and has evolved in the mainframe for NET imaging. The advantages were multiple: (i) superior spatial resolution of PET versus SPECT, (ii) quantitative capabilities of PET aiding in disease activity and treatment response monitoring with better precision, (iii) shorter scan time and (iv) less patient exposure to radiation. The modality is indicated for staging, detecting the primary in CUP-NETs, restaging, treatment planning (along with FDG: the concept of dual-tracer PET-CT) as well as treatment response evaluation and follow-up of NETs. SSA PET/CT has also been incorporated in the guidelines for imaging of Pheochromocytoma-Paraganglioma, Medullary carcinoma thyroid, Meningioma and Tumor induced osteomalacia. At present, there is rising interest on (a) ¹⁸F-labelled SSA, (b) ⁶⁴Cu-labelled SSA, and (c) somatostatin antagonists. ¹⁸F offers excellent imaging properties, ⁶⁴Cu makes delayed imaging feasible which has implications in dosimetry and SSTR antagonists bind with the SST receptors with high affinity and specificity, providing high contrast images with less background, which can be translated to theranostics effectively. SSTR have been demonstrated in non-neuroendocrine tumours as well in the peer-reviewed literature, with studies demonstrating the potential of SSA PET/CT in Neuroblastoma, Nasopharyngeal carcinoma, carcinoma prostate (neuroendocrine differentiation) and lymphoma. This review will focus on the currently available SSAs and their history, different SPECT/PET agents, SSTR antagonists, comparison between the various imaging tracers, and their utility in both neuroendocrine and non-neuroendocrine tumors.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21643,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in nuclear medicine","volume":"54 6","pages":"Pages 914-940"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141913799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Update on the Role of [18F]FDOPA PET/CT","authors":"Gilles N. Stormezand MD, PhD ,&nbsp;Eline de Meyer PhD ,&nbsp;Klaas Pieter Koopmans PhD ,&nbsp;Adrienne H. Brouwers PhD ,&nbsp;G. Luurtsema PhD ,&nbsp;Rudi A.J.O. Dierckx MD, PhD","doi":"10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2024.09.004","DOIUrl":"10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2024.09.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>[¹⁸F]-dihydroxyphenylalanine ([¹⁸F]FDOPA) is a radiopharmaceutical used in a broad spectrum of diseases, including neuroendocrine tumors (NETs), congenital hyperinsulinism, parkinsonian syndromes and neuro-oncology. Genetic analysis and disease specific biomarkers may guide the optimum selection of patients that may benefit most from [¹⁸F]FDOPA PET in different stages of several neuroendocrine neoplasms and in congenital hyperinsulinism. For clinical routine in neuro-oncology, indications for [¹⁸F]FDOPA PET include tumor delineation and distinguishing between treatment related changes and recurrent disease. New developments as the advent of large axial field of view PET/CT or integrated PET/MRI systems may provide more unique opportunities, such as those related to detection of smaller lesions in primary staging of NETs, dose reduction in children with congenital hyperinsulinism, or possibilities to obtain more extensive noninvasive quantification of cerebral uptake by using image derived input functions. Although the widespread use of [¹⁸F]FDOPA has been hampered by complex synthesis methods and high production costs in the past, significant efforts have been undertaken to provide robust GMP compliant synthesis methods with high activity yield and molar activity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21643,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in nuclear medicine","volume":"54 6","pages":"Pages 845-855"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142393061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"18F-Fluorocholine-Positron Emission Tomography/Computerized Tomography (FCH PET/CT) Imaging for Detecting Abnormal Parathyroid Glands: Indication, Practice, Interpretation and Diagnostic Performance","authors":"Lucia Noskovicova MD ,&nbsp;Sona Balogova MD, PhD ,&nbsp;Cyrielle Aveline MD ,&nbsp;Marc Tassart MD ,&nbsp;Jules Zhang-Yin MD, PhD ,&nbsp;Khaldoun Kerrou MD ,&nbsp;Ivan Jaksic MD ,&nbsp;Françoise Montravers MD, PhD ,&nbsp;Jean-Noël Talbot MD, PhD","doi":"10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2024.08.002","DOIUrl":"10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2024.08.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In patients with confirmed hyperparathyroidism (HPT) scheduled for surgical treatment, the preoperatory imaging permits to optimize the operatory protocol of parathyroidectomy (PTX), in particular by selecting those patients who can benefit from minimally invasive PTX (MIPTX). The MIPTX has the merit to shorten the operative time, incision length, and to reduce the operatory risks. With preoperative localization studies, the rate of PTX failure, in particular due to nonsuspected multiglandular or ectopic disease, has been profoundly decreased. The first cases of incidental localization of abnormal parathyroid glands (PTs) on FCH PET/CTs performed for another indication were reported more than one decade ago. Since then, significant amount of data from heterogeneous series of patients consistently confirmed better diagnostic performances of FCH PET/CT (sensitivity for detection of abnormal PT 97%, range 96%-98%) in comparison with other radiopharmaceuticals, ultrasonography or 4D-CeCT in localizing hyperfunctioning parathyroid glands (HFPTGs) in case of primary HPT. Utility of FCH PET/CT in case of renal HPT has been reported in fewer series. The article discusses and summarizes the bibliographic evidence on documented indications of FCH PET/CT in patients with HPT, its safety profile, the practice of FCH PET/CT and interpretation of FCH PET/CT findings, including potential interpretation pitfalls and tips to avoid them. Our real-world experience over 12 years reinforces published evidence supporting the use of FCH PET/CT as the first-line radionuclide imaging technique in patients with all types of HPT in whom surgery is an option.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21643,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in nuclear medicine","volume":"54 6","pages":"Pages 875-895"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142294431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical Explorations of [68Ga] Ga-FAPI-04 and [18F] FDG Dual-Tracer Total-body PET/CT and PET/MR Imaging","authors":"Yu Lin MD ,&nbsp;Huaping Gao MM ,&nbsp;Jiefu Zheng MD ,&nbsp;Akram Al-Ibraheem MD ,&nbsp;Pengcheng Hu MD ,&nbsp;Hongcheng Shi MD, PhD","doi":"10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2024.09.009","DOIUrl":"10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2024.09.009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Fibroblast activation protein inhibitor (FAPI) and [¹⁸F]fluorodeoxyglucose ([¹⁸F]FDG) provide complementary biological information, and FAPI/FDG dual-tracer imaging clinical application is increasing recently. However, optimal protocols for FAPI/FDG dual-tracer positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) and PET/magnetic resonance (PET/MR) imaging are still under investigation. Due to its high sensitivity, total-body PET/CT allows for imaging with minimal tracer activity and supports the creation of new dual-tracer PET/CT imaging protocols. PET/MR, with its multiparametric MR imaging, provides additional biological information for diagnosis. Studies have investigated the clinical feasibility of low-activity PET/MR imaging, yielding promising results. As there are still few institutions in the world that have experience with the advances provided by the use of total-body PET/CT and equipped with a PET/MR scanner, we have discussed the clinical explorations to reduce radiation exposure and optimize workflows for [⁶⁸Ga]Ga-FAPI-04 and [¹⁸F]FDG dual-tracer PET/CT and PET/MR imaging. The review also provides potential new clinical explorations of [⁶⁸Ga]Ga-FAPI-04 and [¹⁸F]FDG dual-tracer total-body PET/CT and PET/MR imaging, including dual-tracer dual-low-activity imaging.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21643,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in nuclear medicine","volume":"54 6","pages":"Pages 904-913"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142569166","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"18F-Fluoride PET/CT—Updates","authors":"Ellen Nogueira-Lima PhD,&nbsp;Thiago Alves MD,&nbsp;Elba Etchebehere MD, PhD","doi":"10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2024.09.005","DOIUrl":"10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2024.09.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Sodium Fluoride-18 production started in the 1940s and was described clinically for the first time in 1962 as a bone-imaging agent. However, its use became dormant with the development of conventional bone scintigraphy, especially due to its low cost. Conventional bone scintigraphy has been the most utilized Nuclear Medicine technique for identifying osteoblastic bone metastases, especially in prostate and breast cancers for decades and is also employed to identify benign bone disease, especially in the orthopedic setting. While bone scintigraphy is highly sensitive, it lacks adequate specificity. With the advent of high-quality 3D Whole-Body Positron Emission Tomography combined with computed tomography (PET/CT), images, Sodium Fluoride-18 imaging with PET/CT (Fluoride PET/CT) re-emerged. This PET/CT bone-imaging agent provides higher sensitivity and specificity to detect bone lesions in both the oncological scenario as well as to identify benign bone and joint disorders. PET/CT bone-imaging provides a precise view of the bone metabolism remodeling processes at a molecular level, throughout the skeleton, and combines anatomical information, enhancing diagnostic specificity and accuracy. This article review will explore the updates on clinical applications of Fluoride PET/CT in oncology and benign conditions encompassing orthopedic, inflammatory and cardiovascular conditions and treatment response assessment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21643,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in nuclear medicine","volume":"54 6","pages":"Pages 951-965"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142406774","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Toward Functional PET Imaging of the Spinal Cord.","authors":"Pierre Courault, Luc Zimmer, Sophie Lancelot","doi":"10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2024.07.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2024.07.002","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>At present, spinal cord imaging primarily uses magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or computed tomography (CT), but the greater sensitivity of positron emission tomography (PET) techniques and the development of new radiotracers are paving the way for a new approach. The substantial rise in publications on PET radiotracers for spinal cord exploration indicates a growing interest in the functional and molecular imaging of this organ. The present review aimed to provide an overview of the various radiotracers used in this indication, in preclinical and clinical settings. Firstly, we outline spinal cord anatomy and associated target pathologies. Secondly, we present the state-of-the-art of spinal cord imaging techniques used in clinical practice, with their respective strengths and limitations. Thirdly, we summarize the literature on radiotracers employed in functional PET imaging of the spinal cord. In conclusion, we propose criteria for an ideal radiotracer for molecular spinal cord imaging, emphasizing the relevance of multimodal hybrid cameras, and particularly the benefits of PET-MRI integration.</p>","PeriodicalId":21643,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in nuclear medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142056460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Letter from the Editors","authors":"Kirsten Bouchelouche MD, DMSc,&nbsp;M. Michael Sathekge MD, PhD","doi":"10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2024.08.001","DOIUrl":"10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2024.08.001","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":21643,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in nuclear medicine","volume":"54 5","pages":"Pages 635-637"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141993197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hybrid Imaging: Calcium Score and Myocardial Perfusion Imaging","authors":"Malek Nayfeh MD ,&nbsp;Ahmed Sayed MBBS ,&nbsp;Maria Alwan MD ,&nbsp;Moath Alfawara MD ,&nbsp;Mahmoud Al Rifai MD, MPH ,&nbsp;Mouaz H. Al-Mallah MD, MSc","doi":"10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2024.04.003","DOIUrl":"10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2024.04.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span><span><span>Coronary heart disease (CHD) remains the top cause of death due to </span>cardiovascular conditions<span> worldwide, with someone suffering a myocardial infarction every 40 seconds. This highlights the importance of non-invasive imaging technologies like myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI), which are crucial for detecting </span></span>coronary artery disease (CAD) early, even before symptoms appear. However, the reliance solely on MPI has shifted due to its limitations in definitively ruling out </span>atherosclerosis<span><span><span>, leading to the adoption of hybrid imaging techniques<span>. Hybrid imaging combines computed tomography (CT) with MPI techniques such as </span></span>positron emission tomography<span> (PET) and single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). This integration, often within a single gantry system, enhances the diagnostic accuracy by allowing for attenuation correction (AC), acquisition of the coronary artery calcium score (CACS), and more precise tracing of </span></span>radiotracer<span> uptake. The built-in CT in modern MPI systems assists in these functions, which is essential for better diagnosis and risk assessment in patients. The addition of CACS to MPI, a method involving the assessment of calcified plaque in coronary arteries, notably enhances diagnostic and prognostic capabilities. CACS helps in identifying atherosclerosis and predicting potential cardiac events, facilitating personalized risk management and the initiation of tailored interventions like statins and aspirin. Such comprehensive imaging strategies not only improve the accuracy of detecting CAD but also help in stratifying patient risk more effectively. In this paper, we discuss how the incorporation of CAC into MPI protocols enhances the diagnostic sensitivity for detecting obstructive CAD, as evidenced by several studies where the addition of CAC to MPI has led to improved outcomes in diagnosing CAD. Moreover, CAC has been shown to unmask silent coronary atherosclerosis in patients with normal MPI results, highlighting its incremental diagnostic value. We will discuss the evolving role of hybrid imaging in guiding therapeutic decisions, particularly the use of statins for cardiovascular prevention. The integration of CAC assessment with MPI not only aids in the early detection and management of CAD but also optimizes therapeutic strategies, enhancing patient care through a more accurate and personalized approach. Such advancements underscore the need for further research to fully establish the benefits of combining CAC with MPI in the clinical assessment of cardiovascular risk.</span></span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":21643,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in nuclear medicine","volume":"54 5","pages":"Pages 638-647"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141735015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Radionuclide Imaging of Cardiac Amyloidosis: An Update and Future Aspects","authors":"","doi":"10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2024.05.012","DOIUrl":"10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2024.05.012","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span><span><span><span>Cardiac amyloidosis<span><span> (CA) is caused by the misfolding, accumulation and aggregation of proteins into large fibrils in the extracellular compartment of the myocardium, leading to </span>restrictive cardiomyopathy, heart failure and death. The major forms are </span></span>transthyretin (ATTR) CA and light-chain (AL) CA, based on the respective </span>precursor protein<span>. Each of them requires early diagnosis for a timely treatment initiation that will improve patient outcomes. For this, radionuclide imaging is essentially used as single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) with bone-avid </span></span>radiotracers<span><span> or as positron emission tomography<span> (PET) with amyloid-binding radiotracers. Both offer unprecedented specificity for the diagnostic of CA. SPECT has even revolutionized the diagnosis of ATTR-CA by making it non-invasive. Indeed, SPECT has now entered the standard diagnostic pathway to CA and has led to earlier diagnosis of the disease. SPECT also modified the epidemiology of ATTR-CA, highlighting that the disease is much more frequent than previously believed, and showing that ATTR-CA plays a substantial role in </span></span>HFpEF<span> and aortic stenosis<span>, particularly among elderly patients. In parallel, amyloid-binding radiotracers for PET have accumulated a substantial amount of evidence, but are not approved for clinical use in CA yet. Further studies are needed to refine acquisition protocols and validate results in broader populations. Unlike bone-avid SPECT radiotracers, PET radiotracers have been specifically created to bind to amyloid fibrils. Thus, PET is the only imaging method that is truly specific for amyloid deposits and very sensitive to any amyloid type. Indeed, PET can not only detect ATTR-CA, but also AL-CA and rare hereditary forms. For both SPECT and PET, advances in quantitation of myocardial uptake have generated more granular and reproducible findings, paving the way for progress in earlier diagnosis, risk stratification<span> and therapeutic response monitoring. Encouraging findings have shown that SPECT and PET are sensitive to early CA when other diagnostic methods are negative. Both radionuclide imaging techniques can predict </span></span></span></span></span>adverse outcomes<span>, but more evidence is needed to determine how to use them in conjunction with usual prognostic staging scores. Studies on follow-up imaging after therapy suggested that SPECT and PET can capture myocardial changes in CA, but again, more data are needed to meaningfully interpret such changes. Based on all these promising results, radionuclide imaging has the potential to further impact the landscape of CA in diagnosis, prognosis and follow-up, but also to substantially contribute to the assessment of novel therapies that will improve the lives of patients with CA.</span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":21643,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in nuclear medicine","volume":"54 5","pages":"Pages 717-732"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141498920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Rebirth of Radioimmunotherapy of Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma: The Phoenix of Nuclear Medicine?","authors":"Richard L. Wahl MD ,&nbsp;Brad Kahl MD","doi":"10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2024.06.002","DOIUrl":"10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2024.06.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In Greek mythology, The Phoenix is an immortal bird that dies, but then achieves new life by rising from the ashes of its predecessor. Radioimmunotherapy (RIT) of B-cell Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) is a field which once began to fly high—with FDA approval of the anti-CD20 RITs Zevalin® and Bexxar® in 2002 and 2003 respectively, as safe and effective therapies of NHL. However, despite their therapeutic efficacy, Bexxar® was withdrawn from the market by the manufacturer in 2014 due to limited commercial demand and Zevalin® has had very limited to no availability of late. I-131 rituximab is used to a limited extent in Australia, India and other countries, as well.</p><p>But has RIT of NHL been (perhaps prematurely) left for dead by many? Given the current great clinical and commercial interest in radiopharmaceutical therapies of cancer, notably PSMA and SSTR targeting agents in prostate and neuroendocrine cancers, can radioimmunotherapy of NHL—like the mythical Phoenix—now rise from its ashes in an even better form to fly higher, faster, farther and longer than before?</p></div>","PeriodicalId":21643,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in nuclear medicine","volume":"54 4","pages":"Pages 513-529"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0001299824000552/pdfft?md5=b833aefa8485793f3e088110aae5fbea&pid=1-s2.0-S0001299824000552-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141634482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}