Science AdvancesPub Date : 2024-11-08DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adp8632
Mohammad Jalal Inanlu, Vishwanath Ganesan, Nithin Vinod Upot, Chi Wang, Zan Suo, Kazi Fazle Rabbi, Pouya Kabirzadeh, Alireza Bakhshi, Wuchen Fu, Tarandeep Singh Thukral, Valentin Belosludtsev, Jiaqi Li, Nenad Miljkovic
{"title":"Unveiling the fundamentals of flow boiling heat transfer enhancement on structured surfaces","authors":"Mohammad Jalal Inanlu, Vishwanath Ganesan, Nithin Vinod Upot, Chi Wang, Zan Suo, Kazi Fazle Rabbi, Pouya Kabirzadeh, Alireza Bakhshi, Wuchen Fu, Tarandeep Singh Thukral, Valentin Belosludtsev, Jiaqi Li, Nenad Miljkovic","doi":"10.1126/sciadv.adp8632","DOIUrl":"10.1126/sciadv.adp8632","url":null,"abstract":"<div >Micro- and nanostructured surfaces offer the potential to enhance two-phase heat transfer. However, the mechanisms behind these enhancements are not well-understood due to insufficient diagnostic methods, leading to reliance on trial-and-error surface development. We introduce in situ boroscopy to investigate microscale bubble dynamics during flow boiling nucleation and subsequent flow regime development. This method was applied in saturated flow boiling experiments within chemically etched aluminum and copper tubes. Although the surfaces have self-similar surface structures, our findings revealed varied heat transfer coefficient enhancements, with increases of up to 391% on aluminum and 41% on copper. Using boroscopy, we identified key mechanisms of heat transfer enhancement. We further used mercury porosimetry to determine the impact of pore size distribution on thermal performance. The boroscopy technique introduced here not only elucidates the underlying processes of flow boiling heat transfer enhancement but also has potential applications for the study of other two-phase phenomena.</div>","PeriodicalId":21609,"journal":{"name":"Science Advances","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":11.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11546817/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142606420","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Science AdvancesPub Date : 2024-11-08DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adq9580
Anan Chen, Ana-Mihaela Lupan, Rui Tong Quek, Stefan G. Stanciu, Mihaela Asaftei, George A. Stanciu, Kierra S. Hardy, Taciani de Almeida Magalhães, Pamela A. Silver, Timothy J. Mitchison, Adrian Salic
{"title":"A coronaviral pore-replicase complex links RNA synthesis and export from double-membrane vesicles","authors":"Anan Chen, Ana-Mihaela Lupan, Rui Tong Quek, Stefan G. Stanciu, Mihaela Asaftei, George A. Stanciu, Kierra S. Hardy, Taciani de Almeida Magalhães, Pamela A. Silver, Timothy J. Mitchison, Adrian Salic","doi":"10.1126/sciadv.adq9580","DOIUrl":"10.1126/sciadv.adq9580","url":null,"abstract":"<div >Coronavirus-infected cells contain double-membrane vesicles (DMVs) that are key for viral RNA replication and transcription, perforated by hexameric pores connecting the vesicular lumen to the cytoplasm. How pores form and traverse two membranes, and how DMVs organize RNA synthesis, is unknown. Using structure prediction and functional assays, we show that the nonstructural viral membrane protein nsp4 is the key pore organizer, spanning the double membrane and forming most of the pore lining. Nsp4 interacts with nsp3 on the cytoplasmic side and with the viral replicase inside the DMV. Newly synthesized mRNAs exit the DMV into the cytoplasm, passing through a narrow ring of conserved nsp4 residues. Steric constraints imposed by the ring predict that modified nucleobases block mRNA transit, resulting in broad-spectrum anticoronaviral activity.</div>","PeriodicalId":21609,"journal":{"name":"Science Advances","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":11.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11546809/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142606242","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Science AdvancesPub Date : 2024-11-08DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adp0391
Kaixuan Wei, Xiao Li, Johannes Froech, Praneeth Chakravarthula, James Whitehead, Ethan Tseng, Arka Majumdar, Felix Heide
{"title":"Spatially varying nanophotonic neural networks","authors":"Kaixuan Wei, Xiao Li, Johannes Froech, Praneeth Chakravarthula, James Whitehead, Ethan Tseng, Arka Majumdar, Felix Heide","doi":"10.1126/sciadv.adp0391","DOIUrl":"10.1126/sciadv.adp0391","url":null,"abstract":"<div >The explosive growth in computation and energy cost of artificial intelligence has spurred interest in alternative computing modalities to conventional electronic processors. Photonic processors, which use photons instead of electrons, promise optical neural networks with ultralow latency and power consumption. However, existing optical neural networks, limited by their designs, have not achieved the recognition accuracy of modern electronic neural networks. In this work, we bridge this gap by embedding parallelized optical computation into flat camera optics that perform neural network computations during capture, before recording on the sensor. We leverage large kernels and propose a spatially varying convolutional network learned through a low-dimensional reparameterization. We instantiate this network inside the camera lens with a nanophotonic array with angle-dependent responses. Combined with a lightweight electronic back-end of about 2K parameters, our reconfigurable nanophotonic neural network achieves 72.76% accuracy on CIFAR-10, surpassing AlexNet (72.64%), and advancing optical neural networks into the deep learning era.</div>","PeriodicalId":21609,"journal":{"name":"Science Advances","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":11.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11546815/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142606416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Science AdvancesPub Date : 2024-11-08DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adn0841
Anne de Vernal, Claude Hillaire-Marcel, Tengfei Song, Taoufik Radi, Jade Falardeau, Yanguang Liu
{"title":"Opposed east-west climate response of the Arctic Ocean during the present interglacial","authors":"Anne de Vernal, Claude Hillaire-Marcel, Tengfei Song, Taoufik Radi, Jade Falardeau, Yanguang Liu","doi":"10.1126/sciadv.adn0841","DOIUrl":"10.1126/sciadv.adn0841","url":null,"abstract":"<div >The role of the Arctic Ocean in the global climate system during the last climatic cycles remains conjectural, but radiocarbon-based chronologies and proxy data provide reliable information about the present interglacial. In the western Arctic, paleoceanographic data demonstrate a linkage between increasing Pacific water fluxes, resulting from the postglacial submergence of the Bering Strait, and the progressive warming, until climate conditions stabilized when sea level reached its present-day limit during the late Holocene. Meanwhile, the southeastern Arctic Ocean evolved from optimal conditions toward a perennial sea ice cover with cooling. We hypothesize that sea level, which determines the depth of Bering Strait and the submergence of the Arctic shelves, has led to enhanced production of seasonal sea ice and an increased freshwater export to the North Atlantic Ocean, since the onset of the present interglacial until preindustrial time.</div>","PeriodicalId":21609,"journal":{"name":"Science Advances","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":11.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11546846/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142606352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Science AdvancesPub Date : 2024-11-08DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adp1528
Philipp Schoenegger, Indre Tuminauskaite, Peter S. Park, Rafael Valdece Sousa Bastos, Philip E. Tetlock
{"title":"Wisdom of the silicon crowd: LLM ensemble prediction capabilities rival human crowd accuracy","authors":"Philipp Schoenegger, Indre Tuminauskaite, Peter S. Park, Rafael Valdece Sousa Bastos, Philip E. Tetlock","doi":"10.1126/sciadv.adp1528","DOIUrl":"10.1126/sciadv.adp1528","url":null,"abstract":"<div >Human forecasting accuracy improves through the “wisdom of the crowd” effect, in which aggregated predictions tend to outperform individual ones. Past research suggests that individual large language models (LLMs) tend to underperform compared to human crowd aggregates. We simulate a wisdom of the crowd effect with LLMs. Specifically, we use an ensemble of 12 LLMs to make probabilistic predictions about 31 binary questions, comparing them with those made by 925 human forecasters in a 3-month tournament. We show that the LLM crowd outperforms a no-information benchmark and is statistically indistinguishable from the human crowd. We also observe human-like biases, such as the acquiescence bias. In another study, we find that LLM predictions (of GPT-4 and Claude 2) improve when exposed to the median human prediction, increasing accuracy by 17 to 28%. However, simply averaging human and machine forecasts yields more accurate results. Our findings suggest that LLM predictions can rival the human crowd’s forecasting accuracy through simple aggregation.</div>","PeriodicalId":21609,"journal":{"name":"Science Advances","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":11.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.science.org/doi/reader/10.1126/sciadv.adp1528","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142606424","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Bimetallic peroxide nanoparticles induce PANoptosis by disrupting ion homeostasis for enhanced immunotherapy","authors":"Guanghui Hou, Youdong Chen, Huali Lei, Yujie Lu, Lin Liu, Zhihui Han, Shumin Sun, Jingrui Li, Liang Cheng","doi":"10.1126/sciadv.adp7160","DOIUrl":"10.1126/sciadv.adp7160","url":null,"abstract":"<div >PANoptosis has recently emerged as a potential approach to improve the immune microenvironment. However, current methods for inducing PANoptosis are limited. Herein, through biological screening, the rational use of the nutrient metal ions Cu<sup>2+</sup> and Zn<sup>2+</sup> had great potential to induce PANoptosis. Inspired by these findings, we successfully developed hydrazided hyaluronic acid–modified zinc copper oxide (HZCO) nanoparticles as a PANoptosis inducer to potentiate immunotherapy. Bioactive HZCO actively delivered Cu<sup>2+</sup> and Zn<sup>2+</sup> while disrupting the cellular intrinsic ion metabolism pathway, resulting in double-stranded DNA release and organelle damage in cancer cells. Simultaneously, this process triggered the formation of PANoptosome and the activation of PANoptosis. HZCO-induced PANoptosis inhibited tumor growth and activated potent antitumor immune response, thereby enhancing the effectiveness of anti–programmed cell death 1 therapy. Overall, our work provides an insight into the development of PANoptosis inducers and the design of synergistic immunotherapy strategies.</div>","PeriodicalId":21609,"journal":{"name":"Science Advances","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":11.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11546811/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142606244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Harnessing coupled nanolasers near exceptional points for directional emission","authors":"Guilhem Madiot, Quentin Chateiller, Alexandre Bazin, Patricia Loren, Konstantinos Pantzas, Grégoire Beaudoin, Isabelle Sagnes, Fabrice Raineri","doi":"10.1126/sciadv.adr8283","DOIUrl":"10.1126/sciadv.adr8283","url":null,"abstract":"<div >Tailoring the losses of optical systems within the frame of non-Hermitian physics has appeared very fruitful in the past few years. In particular, the description of exceptional points (EPs) with coupled resonators has become widespread. The on-chip realization of these functionalities is crucial for integrated nanophotonics but requires fine control techniques of the nanodevice properties. Here, we demonstrate pump-controlled directional emission of two coupled nanolasers that distantly interact via an integrated waveguide. This coupling scheme unusually enables both frequency and loss couplings between two cavities, which can be advantageously exploited to reach EPs by either detuning the cavities or controlling the gain of nanolasers. The system can be readily reconfigured from bidirectional to unidirectional emission by adjusting the pump power.</div>","PeriodicalId":21609,"journal":{"name":"Science Advances","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":11.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11546807/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142606335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Science AdvancesPub Date : 2024-11-08DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adq4037
Noam Saadon-Grosman, Jingnan Du, Heather L. Kosakowski, Peter A. Angeli, Lauren M. DiNicola, Mark C. Eldaief, Randy L. Buckner
{"title":"Within-individual organization of the human cognitive cerebellum: Evidence for closely juxtaposed, functionally specialized regions","authors":"Noam Saadon-Grosman, Jingnan Du, Heather L. Kosakowski, Peter A. Angeli, Lauren M. DiNicola, Mark C. Eldaief, Randy L. Buckner","doi":"10.1126/sciadv.adq4037","DOIUrl":"10.1126/sciadv.adq4037","url":null,"abstract":"<div >Specific regions in the cognitive cerebellum are connected to distinct cerebral association networks. Do these cerebellar regions exhibit functional specialization similar to the cerebral cortex? Here, we mapped the cerebellum within intensively studied participants (<i>N</i> = 15) first using connectivity to estimate regions linked to specific networks and then prospectively testing functional response properties in task data within each individual’s own idiosyncratic anatomy. A large megacluster extending across Crus I/II was consistently found with subregions linked to five higher-order association networks. A more variable smaller association cluster was found in lobule IX. Within the Crus I/II megacluster, specific cerebellar regions responded to domain-flexible cognitive control, while juxtaposed regions differentially responded to language, social, and spatial/episodic task demands. Similarly organized clusters also exist in the caudate consistent with the presence of multiple basal ganglia–cerebellar–cerebral cortical circuits that maintain functional specialization across their entire distributed extents.</div>","PeriodicalId":21609,"journal":{"name":"Science Advances","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":11.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11546750/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142606428","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Heterogeneous multiple soft millirobots in three-dimensional lumens","authors":"Chunxiang Wang, Tianlu Wang, Mingtong Li, Rongjing Zhang, Halim Ugurlu, Metin Sitti","doi":"10.1126/sciadv.adq1951","DOIUrl":"10.1126/sciadv.adq1951","url":null,"abstract":"<div >Miniature soft robots offer opportunities for safe and physically adaptive medical interventions in hard-to-reach regions. Deploying multiple robots could further enhance the efficacy and multifunctionality of these operations. However, multirobot deployment in physiologically relevant three-dimensional (3D) tubular structures is limited by the lack of effective mechanisms for independent control of miniature magnetic soft robots. This work presents a framework leveraging the shape-adaptive robotic design and heterogeneous resistance from robot-lumen interactions to enable magnetic multirobot control. We first compute influence and actuation regions to quantify robot movement. Subsequently, a path planning algorithm generates the trajectory of a permanent magnet for multirobot navigation in 3D lumens. Last, robots are controlled individually in multilayer lumen networks under medical imaging. Demonstrations of multilocation cargo delivery and flow diversion manifest their potential to enhance biomedical functions. This framework offers a solution to multirobot actuation benefiting applications across different miniature robotic devices in complex environments.</div>","PeriodicalId":21609,"journal":{"name":"Science Advances","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":11.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.science.org/doi/reader/10.1126/sciadv.adq1951","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142588799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Ocean-scale patterns of environment and climate changes driving global marine phytoplankton biomass dynamics","authors":"Zhenghao Li, Deyong Sun, Shengqiang Wang, Yu Huan, Hailong Zhang, Yibo Yuan, Yijun He","doi":"10.1126/sciadv.adm7556","DOIUrl":"10.1126/sciadv.adm7556","url":null,"abstract":"<div >Effects of marine environment and climate changes on phytoplankton dynamics in global oceans have received increasing attention but remain a mystery. This study used a comprehensive approach combining correlation and information flow to explore relationships among phytoplankton biomass, marine environment, and climate forcing based on global observations over the past multi-decadal period. Correlation and causality between phytoplankton biomass and environmental factors exhibit spatial asymmetry—regions where environmental factors directly drive biomass variations were concentrated in oceanic currents and subtropical circulations. Temperature, light, and mixed layer depth show pronounced influences on global phytoplankton interdecadal variations. Climate forcing over interdecadal timescales directly affects phytoplankton biomass in the equatorial Pacific, South Pacific, and Indian Oceans, with more uncertain biomass variability in the equatorial Pacific due to multiple climate events. Our findings revealed that environment and climate changes directly affect phytoplankton interdecadal variability only in specific regions at the oceanic scale.</div>","PeriodicalId":21609,"journal":{"name":"Science Advances","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":11.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.science.org/doi/reader/10.1126/sciadv.adm7556","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142588804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}