Science AdvancesPub Date : 2025-04-30DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.ads5659
Xiangxin Dang, Shujia Chen, Ali Elias Acha, Lei Wu, Damiano Pasini
{"title":"Shape and topology morphing of closed surfaces integrating origami and kirigami","authors":"Xiangxin Dang, Shujia Chen, Ali Elias Acha, Lei Wu, Damiano Pasini","doi":"10.1126/sciadv.ads5659","DOIUrl":"10.1126/sciadv.ads5659","url":null,"abstract":"<div >A closed surface is generally more resistant to deformation and shape changes than an open surface. An empty closed box, for example, is stiffer and more stable than when it is open. The presence of an opening makes it less constrained, more deformable, and easier to morph, as demonstrated by several studies on open-surface morphing across patterns, materials, and scales. Here, we present a platform to morph closed surfaces with bistability that harnesses a balanced integration of origami and kirigami principles. By harmonizing panel rotation around creases nearly tangent to the closed surface and panel rotation around hinges nearly perpendicular to the closed surface, we show that origami-kirigami assemblages can shape-morph between a cube and a sphere, scale between spheres of dissimilar size, and change topology between a sphere and a torus, with programmed bistability. The framework offers a promising strategy for designing bistable reconfigurable structures and metamaterials with enclosed configurations.</div>","PeriodicalId":21609,"journal":{"name":"Science Advances","volume":"11 18","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.science.org/doi/reader/10.1126/sciadv.ads5659","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143893053","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Science AdvancesPub Date : 2025-04-30DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adt8976
Dylan J. Terstege, Yi Ren, Bo Young Ahn, Heewon Seo, Kabirat Adigun, Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative, Liisa A. M. Galea, Derya Sargin, Jonathan R. Epp
{"title":"Impaired parvalbumin interneurons in the retrosplenial cortex as the cause of sex-dependent vulnerability in Alzheimer’s disease","authors":"Dylan J. Terstege, Yi Ren, Bo Young Ahn, Heewon Seo, Kabirat Adigun, Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative, Liisa A. M. Galea, Derya Sargin, Jonathan R. Epp","doi":"10.1126/sciadv.adt8976","DOIUrl":"10.1126/sciadv.adt8976","url":null,"abstract":"<div >Alzheimer’s disease is a debilitating neurodegenerative disorder with no cure and few treatment options. In early stages of Alzheimer’s disease, impaired metabolism and functional connectivity of the retrosplenial cortex strongly predict future cognitive impairments. Therefore, understanding Alzheimer’s disease–related deficits in the retrosplenial cortex is critical for understanding the origins of cognitive impairment and identifying early treatment targets. Using the 5xFAD mouse model, we discovered early, sex-dependent alterations in parvalbumin-interneuron transcriptomic profiles. This corresponded with impaired parvalbumin-interneuron activity, which was sufficient to induce cognitive impairments and dysregulate retrosplenial functional connectivity. In fMRI scans from patients with mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer’s disease, we observed a similar sex-dependent dysregulation of retrosplenial cortex functional connectivity and, in postmortem tissue from subjects with Alzheimer’s disease, a loss of parvalbumin interneurons. Reversal of cognitive deficits by stimulation of parvalbumin interneurons in the retrosplenial cortex suggests that this may serve as a promising therapeutic strategy.</div>","PeriodicalId":21609,"journal":{"name":"Science Advances","volume":"11 18","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.science.org/doi/reader/10.1126/sciadv.adt8976","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143893052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Chemical synthesis elucidates the absolute configuration and key antigenic epitope of Vibrio cholerae serotype O100 O-antigen","authors":"Guodong Chen, Guangzong Tian, Jing Hu, Chunjun Qin, Xiaopeng Zou, Juntao Cai, Guochao Lv, Weixin Gao, Peter H. Seeberger, Jian Yin","doi":"10.1126/sciadv.adv0571","DOIUrl":"10.1126/sciadv.adv0571","url":null,"abstract":"<div >The emergence of drug-resistant strains of <i>Vibrio cholerae</i>, coupled with the current limitations of oral vaccines, underscores the urgent need for the development of new vaccines. The O-antigen of <i>V. cholerae</i> serotype O100 has emerged as a promising candidate for vaccine development. To investigate the absolute configuration of 3,5-dihydroxyhexanoyl (dHh) and to evaluate the structure-activity relationship of the O-antigen trisaccharide repeating unit, we completed total synthesis of four potential trisaccharide isomers, along with 11 additional oligosaccharide fragments of the O-antigen. Stereoselective reduction was used for the synthesis of dHh, and the efficient assembly of dHh and (<i>R</i>)-3-hydroxybutanoyl (<i>R</i>Hb) was achieved through a post-glycosylation modification strategy. Through NMR analysis, the absolute configuration of dHh was assigned 3<i>S</i>,5<i>S</i>. Glycan microarray screening indicated that <i>R</i>Hb is essential for the antigenicity of O-antigen. The nonreducing end disaccharide <b>59</b> may serve as the minimal antigenic epitope. These findings are an important step toward the design of semi-synthetic carbohydrate vaccines against <i>V. cholerae</i>.</div>","PeriodicalId":21609,"journal":{"name":"Science Advances","volume":"11 17","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.science.org/doi/reader/10.1126/sciadv.adv0571","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143872941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Science AdvancesPub Date : 2025-04-25DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adu9279
Thomas Julou, Théo Gervais, Daan de Groot, Erik van Nimwegen
{"title":"Growth rate controls the sensitivity of gene regulatory circuits","authors":"Thomas Julou, Théo Gervais, Daan de Groot, Erik van Nimwegen","doi":"10.1126/sciadv.adu9279","DOIUrl":"10.1126/sciadv.adu9279","url":null,"abstract":"<div >Microbes adapt to their environments using gene regulatory switches that sense environmental signals and induce target genes in response. Mathematical modeling predicts that, because growth rate sets the intracellular dilution rate, the sensitivity of regulatory switches to chemical cues systematically decreases with growth rate. We experimentally validate that the concentration of inducer required to activate <i>E. coli</i>’s <i>lac</i> operon increases quadratically with growth rate when varying nutrients but is invariant when varying growth rate through translation inhibition. We further establish that this growth-coupled sensitivity (GCS) allows bacteria to implement concentration-dependent sugar preferences, in which a new carbon source is used only if its concentration is sufficient to improve upon the current growth rate. Using microfluidics in combination with time-lapse microscopy, we validate this prediction at the single-cell level using mixtures of glucose and lactose. Overall, GCS causes cells to automatically become more sensitive to environmental signals when their growth rate decreases.</div>","PeriodicalId":21609,"journal":{"name":"Science Advances","volume":"11 17","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.science.org/doi/reader/10.1126/sciadv.adu9279","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143872752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Science AdvancesPub Date : 2025-04-25DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adu5799
Eric Yilun Song, Diego Barberena, Dylan J. Young, Edwin Chaparro, Anjun Chu, Sanaa Agarwal, Zhijing Niu, Jeremy T. Young, Ana Maria Rey, James K. Thompson
{"title":"A dissipation-induced superradiant transition in a strontium cavity-QED system","authors":"Eric Yilun Song, Diego Barberena, Dylan J. Young, Edwin Chaparro, Anjun Chu, Sanaa Agarwal, Zhijing Niu, Jeremy T. Young, Ana Maria Rey, James K. Thompson","doi":"10.1126/sciadv.adu5799","DOIUrl":"10.1126/sciadv.adu5799","url":null,"abstract":"<div >Driven-dissipative many-body systems are ubiquitous in nature and a fundamental resource for quantum technologies. However, they are also complex and hard to model because they cannot be described by the standard tools in equilibrium statistical mechanics. Probing nonequilibrium critical phenomena in pristine setups can illuminate fresh perspectives on these systems. Here, we use an ensemble of cold <sup>88</sup>Sr atoms coupled to a driven high-finesse cavity to study the cooperative resonance fluorescence (CRF) model, a classic driven-dissipative model describing coherently driven dipoles superradiantly emitting light. We observe its nonequilibrium phase diagram characterized by a second-order phase transition. Below a critical drive strength, the atoms quickly reach the so-called superradiant steady state featuring a macroscopic dipole moment; above the critical point, the atoms undergo persistent Rabi-like oscillations. At longer times, spontaneous emission transforms the second-order transition into a discontinuous first-order transition. Our observations pave the way for harnessing robust entangled states and exploring boundary time crystals in driven-dissipative systems.</div>","PeriodicalId":21609,"journal":{"name":"Science Advances","volume":"11 17","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.science.org/doi/reader/10.1126/sciadv.adu5799","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143872844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Efficient on-chip platform for coherent light-matter coupling using bound states in the continuum","authors":"Pai Zhou, Hui-Zhen Zhang, Tingmei Li, Zhong-Shan Zhang, Yu-Hui Chen, Xiangdong Zhang","doi":"10.1126/sciadv.adu0976","DOIUrl":"10.1126/sciadv.adu0976","url":null,"abstract":"<div >Storing and retrieving photonic qubits are key functionalities in future optical quantum networks, and integrating scalable optical-memory units is crucial as these networks expand. However, attempts to combine silicon photonics and erbium ions for telecom memories, without losing the scalable and low-loss properties of silicon chips, face challenges because of limited light-matter interactions and potential extra decoherence. Here, we present an efficient silicon-chip platform using bound states in the continuum to overcome these limitations. In addition to a low propagation loss of 0.5 ± 0.5 decibels per centimeter, our experiments demonstrate an order-of-magnitude enhancement in light absorption compared to previous traditional silicon hybrid designs. Using these properties, we demonstrated photon echoes in our waveguide structures, revealing a coherence time of 2.6 ± 0.6 microseconds at zero magnetic field, closely matching that of bulk crystals. These characteristics make the bound state in the continuum platform a promising candidate for realizing integrated optical memories for quantum network applications.</div>","PeriodicalId":21609,"journal":{"name":"Science Advances","volume":"11 17","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.science.org/doi/reader/10.1126/sciadv.adu0976","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143872751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Science AdvancesPub Date : 2025-04-25DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adq7342
Zhanqi Zhang, Till S. Hartmann, Richard T. Born, Margaret S. Livingstone, Carlos R. Ponce
{"title":"Brain feature maps reveal progressive animal-feature representations in the ventral stream","authors":"Zhanqi Zhang, Till S. Hartmann, Richard T. Born, Margaret S. Livingstone, Carlos R. Ponce","doi":"10.1126/sciadv.adq7342","DOIUrl":"10.1126/sciadv.adq7342","url":null,"abstract":"<div >What are the fundamental principles that inform representation in the primate visual brain? While objects have become an intuitive framework for studying neurons in many parts of cortex, it is possible that neurons follow a more expressive organizational principle, such as encoding generic features present across textures, places, and objects. In this study, we used multielectrode arrays to record from neurons in the early (V1/V2), middle (V4), and later [posterior inferotemporal (PIT) cortex] areas across the visual hierarchy, estimating each neuron’s local operation across natural scene via “heatmaps.” We found that, while populations of neurons with foveal receptive fields across V1/V2, V4, and PIT responded over the full scene, they focused on salient subregions within object outlines. Notably, neurons preferentially encoded animal features rather than general objects, with this trend strengthening along the visual hierarchy. These results show that the monkey ventral stream is partially organized to encode local animal features over objects, even as early as primary visual cortex.</div>","PeriodicalId":21609,"journal":{"name":"Science Advances","volume":"11 17","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.science.org/doi/reader/10.1126/sciadv.adq7342","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143872906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The P2X7R/NLRP3 inflammasome axis suppresses enthesis regeneration through inflammatory and metabolic macrophage-stem cell cross-talk","authors":"Haihan Gao, Liren Wang, Yangbao Lyu, Haocheng Jin, Zhiqi Lin, Yuhao Kang, Ziyun Li, Xueying Zhang, Yuhan Jiang, Guoyang Zhang, Zaijin Tao, Xiaofeng Zhang, Bin Yang, Xingyu Bai, Xin Ma, Shen Liu, Jia Jiang","doi":"10.1126/sciadv.adr4894","DOIUrl":"10.1126/sciadv.adr4894","url":null,"abstract":"<div >The regeneration of the enthesis remains a formidable challenge in regenerative medicine. However, key regulators underlying unsatisfactory regeneration remain poorly understood. This study reveals that the purinergic receptor P2X7 (P2X7R)/Nod-like receptor family protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome axis suppresses enthesis regeneration by amplifying IL-1β–mediated inflammatory cross-talk and suppressing docosatrienoic acid (DTA) metabolic cross-talk. NLRP3 inflammasomes were activated in macrophages following enthesis injury, thereby impairing the histological and functional recovery of the injured enthesis. Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) indicated that <i>Nlrp3</i> knockout attenuated pathological inflammation and ameliorated the detrimental effects of IL-1β signaling cross-talk. Furthermore, NLRP3 inflammasomes suppressed the secretion of anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-10 and IL-13) and DTA. The NLRP3 inflammasome–mediated secretome reduced differentiation and migration of stem cells. Neutralizing IL-1β or replenishing docosatrienoic acid accelerated enthesis regeneration. Moreover, conditional knockout of <i>P2rx7</i> in myeloid cells attenuated NLRP3 inflammasome activation and facilitated enthesis regeneration. This study demonstrates that the P2X7R/NLRP3 inflammasome axis represents a promising therapeutic target for enthesis repair.</div>","PeriodicalId":21609,"journal":{"name":"Science Advances","volume":"11 17","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.science.org/doi/reader/10.1126/sciadv.adr4894","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143872757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Science AdvancesPub Date : 2025-04-25DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adv3491
Ming Z. M. Zheng, Lauren Burmas, Hyon-Xhi Tan, Mai-Chi Trieu, Hyun Jae Lee, Daniel Rawlinson, Ashraful Haque, Stephen J. Kent, Adam K. Wheatley, Jennifer A. Juno
{"title":"Deconvoluting TCR-dependent and -independent activation is vital for reliable Ag-specific CD4+ T cell characterization by AIM assay","authors":"Ming Z. M. Zheng, Lauren Burmas, Hyon-Xhi Tan, Mai-Chi Trieu, Hyun Jae Lee, Daniel Rawlinson, Ashraful Haque, Stephen J. Kent, Adam K. Wheatley, Jennifer A. Juno","doi":"10.1126/sciadv.adv3491","DOIUrl":"10.1126/sciadv.adv3491","url":null,"abstract":"<div >Activation-induced marker (AIM) assays identify antigen (Ag)–specific T cells, but recent studies revealed AIM<sup>+</sup> T helper cell 17 (T<sub>H</sub>17)–like (CCR6<sup>+</sup>) and circulating T follicular helper cells (cTfh) were not associated with peptide/HLA tetramer staining. We show that CD39<sup>+</sup> regulatory T cell (T<sub>reg</sub>)–like and CD26<sup>hi</sup> T<sub>H</sub>22–like cells undergo T cell receptor (TCR)–independent activation by cytokines during Ag stimulation, leading to nonspecific up-regulation of AIM readouts. Transcriptional analysis enabled discrimination of bona fide Ag-specific T cells from cytokine-activated T<sub>reg</sub> and T<sub>H</sub>22 cells. CXCR4 down-regulation emerged as a hallmark of clonotypic expansion and TCR-dependent activation in memory CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells and cTfh. By tracking tetramer-binding cells upon Ag restimulation, we demonstrated that CXCR4−CD137<sup>+</sup> cells provided a more accurate measure of Ag-specificity than standard AIM readouts. This modified assay excluded the predominantly CCR6<sup>+</sup> cytokine-activated T cells that contributed to an average 12-fold overestimation of the Ag-specific population. Our findings provide an accurate approach to characterize genuine Ag-specific T cells.</div>","PeriodicalId":21609,"journal":{"name":"Science Advances","volume":"11 17","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.science.org/doi/reader/10.1126/sciadv.adv3491","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143872877","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Science AdvancesPub Date : 2025-04-25DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adt3177
Brian Freie, Ali H. Ibrahim, Patrick A. Carroll, Roderick T. Bronson, Arnaud Augert, David MacPherson, Robert N. Eisenman
{"title":"MAX inactivation deregulates the MYC network and induces neuroendocrine neoplasia in multiple tissues","authors":"Brian Freie, Ali H. Ibrahim, Patrick A. Carroll, Roderick T. Bronson, Arnaud Augert, David MacPherson, Robert N. Eisenman","doi":"10.1126/sciadv.adt3177","DOIUrl":"10.1126/sciadv.adt3177","url":null,"abstract":"<div >The MYC transcription factor requires MAX for DNA binding and widespread activation of gene expression in both normal and neoplastic cells. Inactivating mutations in <i>MAX</i> are associated with a subset of neuroendocrine cancers including pheochromocytoma, pituitary adenoma, and small cell lung cancer. Neither the extent nor the mechanisms of MAX tumor suppression are well understood. Deleting <i>Max</i> across multiple mouse neuroendocrine tissues, we find that <i>Max</i> inactivation alone produces pituitary adenomas, while <i>Max</i> inactivation cooperates with <i>Rb1</i>/<i>Trp53</i> loss to accelerate medullary thyroid C cell and pituitary adenoma development. In the thyroid tumor cell lines, MAX loss triggers a marked shift in genomic occupancy by other members of the MYC network (MNT, MLX, MondoA) supporting metabolism, survival, and proliferation of neoplastic neuroendocrine cells. Our work reveals MAX as a broad suppressor of neuroendocrine tumorigenesis through its ability to maintain a balance of genomic occupancies among the diverse transcription factors in the MYC network.</div>","PeriodicalId":21609,"journal":{"name":"Science Advances","volume":"11 17","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.science.org/doi/reader/10.1126/sciadv.adt3177","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143872879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}