New Phytologist最新文献_第4页

Fungal guild interactions slow decomposition of boreal forest pine litter and humus. 真菌相互作用减缓了北方松林凋落物和腐殖质的分解。

IF 9.4 1区生物学

New Phytologist Pub Date : 2025-06-24 DOI: 10.1111/nph.70316

Louis A Mielke,Julian Klein,Alf Ekblad,Roger D Finlay,Björn D Lindahl,Karina E Clemmensen

{"title":"Fungal guild interactions slow decomposition of boreal forest pine litter and humus.","authors":"Louis A Mielke,Julian Klein,Alf Ekblad,Roger D Finlay,Björn D Lindahl,Karina E Clemmensen","doi":"10.1111/nph.70316","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.70316","url":null,"abstract":"Ericaceous understory shrubs and ericoid mycorrhizal fungal communities are ubiquitous in boreal forests, and their interactions with ectomycorrhizal and saprotrophic fungi may determine organic matter dynamics in forest soils. We followed decomposition of pine needle litter and mor-layer humus over 3 yr in a factorial shrub removal- and pine root exclusion experiment in an old-growth Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) forest, to evaluate effects of fungal guilds on mass loss. Litter mass loss was 23% greater when ectomycorrhizal fungi were excluded suggesting increased saprotrophic activity, independently of ericoid shrub presence. However, this 'Gadgil effect' was only found after 17 months following a summer drought. By contrast, humus mass loss was overall stimulated by ectomycorrhizal fungi, while ericoid mycorrhizal shrubs appeared to counteract this effect, potentially caused by simultaneous addition of recalcitrant organic matter and inhibition of ectomycorrhizal decomposers. We conclude that competitive saprotrophic-ectomycorrhizal fungal interactions may slow early-stage litter decomposition, but this effect was small and inconsistent. Furthermore, interactions between ecto- and ericoid mycorrhizal guild members appear to determine the late-stage organic matter balance of boreal forest humus.","PeriodicalId":214,"journal":{"name":"New Phytologist","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144370291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Emerging from the soil: a new beginning 从土壤中冒出来：一个新的开始

IF 9.4 1区生物学

New Phytologist Pub Date : 2025-06-23 DOI: 10.1111/nph.70339

Xingxing Fan, Dongqing Xu

引用次数: 0

The rhizobial type III effectors ErnA and Sup3 hijack the SUMOylation pathway to trigger nodule formation in Aeschynomene species 根瘤菌III型效应物ErnA和Sup3劫持SUMOylation途径，触发七香属植物的根瘤形成

IF 9.4 1区生物学

New Phytologist Pub Date : 2025-06-23 DOI: 10.1111/nph.70334

Fazal Haq, Alicia Camuel, Mélanie Carcagno, Emanuele G. Biondi, Valérie Pacquit, Laurent Deslandes, Eric Giraud, Peter Mergaert

{"title":"The rhizobial type III effectors ErnA and Sup3 hijack the SUMOylation pathway to trigger nodule formation in Aeschynomene species","authors":"Fazal Haq, Alicia Camuel, Mélanie Carcagno, Emanuele G. Biondi, Valérie Pacquit, Laurent Deslandes, Eric Giraud, Peter Mergaert","doi":"10.1111/nph.70334","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.70334","url":null,"abstract":"Summary Rhizobial type III effectors (T3Es) play a crucial role in the symbiotic relationship between rhizobia and legumes by manipulating host cellular processes to promote nodule formation. Previously, we identified two T3Es, ErnA and Sup3, that trigger nodulation in Aeschynomene spp. in the absence of Nod factors. Here, we further investigate the mode of action of these T3Es during root nodule symbiosis. We employed protein interaction assays, in vitro binding and enzymatic activity assays, mutational analyses, and functional nodulation tests to dissect the roles of ErnA and Sup3 and their interactions with the host Small Ubiquitin‐like MOdifier (SUMO) pathway (SUMOylation). We demonstrate that ErnA contains a SUMO‐interacting motif (SIM) at its C terminus, which promotes its interaction with SUMO proteins in vitro and in plant nuclei. Additionally, we show that Sup3 possesses a C‐terminal SUMO protease domain, which not only interacts with SUMO proteins in vitro and in the nucleus but also exhibits SUMO protease activity. Deletion of the SIM in ErnA or mutation of the catalytic site in Sup3 abolished their ability to trigger nodulation in Aeschynomene indica. These findings suggest that type III secretion system‐dependent symbiosis is regulated by posttranslational modification through SUMOylation and that ErnA and Sup3 modulate this SUMOylation pathway to trigger nodulation. ","PeriodicalId":214,"journal":{"name":"New Phytologist","volume":"245 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144340839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Local adaptation of both plant and pathogen: an arms‐race compromise in switchgrass rust 植物和病原体的局部适应：柳枝草锈病的军备竞赛妥协

IF 9.4 1区生物学

New Phytologist Pub Date : 2025-06-23 DOI: 10.1111/nph.70313

Acer VanWallendael, Chathurika Wijewardana, Jason Bonnette, Lisa Vormwald, Felix B. Fritschi, Arvid Boe, Shelly Chambers, Robert B. Mitchell, Francis M. Rouquette, Yanqi Wu, Philip A. Fay, Julie D. Jastrow, John T. Lovell, Thomas E. Juenger, David B. Lowry

{"title":"Local adaptation of both plant and pathogen: an arms‐race compromise in switchgrass rust","authors":"Acer VanWallendael, Chathurika Wijewardana, Jason Bonnette, Lisa Vormwald, Felix B. Fritschi, Arvid Boe, Shelly Chambers, Robert B. Mitchell, Francis M. Rouquette, Yanqi Wu, Philip A. Fay, Julie D. Jastrow, John T. Lovell, Thomas E. Juenger, David B. Lowry","doi":"10.1111/nph.70313","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.70313","url":null,"abstract":"Summary In coevolving species, parasites locally adapt to host populations as hosts locally adapt to resist parasites. Parasites often outpace host local adaptation since they have rapid life cycles, but host diversity, the strength of selection, and external environmental influence can result in complex outcomes. To better understand local adaptation in host–parasite systems, we examined locally adapted switchgrass (Panicum virgatum), and its leaf rust pathogen (Puccinia novopanici) across a latitudinal range in North America. We grew switchgrass genotypes in 10 replicated multiyear common gardens, measuring rust severity from natural infection in a ‘host reciprocal transplant’ framework for testing local adaptation. We conducted genome‐wide association mapping to identify genetic loci associated with rust severity. Genetically differentiated rust populations were locally adapted to northern and southern switchgrass, despite host local adaptation to environmental conditions in the same regions. Rust resistance was polygenic, and distinct loci were associated with rust severity in the north and south. We narrowed a previously identified large‐effect quantitative trait locus for rust severity to a candidate YELLOW STRIPE‐LIKE gene and linked numerous other loci to defense‐related genes. Overall, our results suggest that both hosts and parasites can be simultaneously locally adapted, especially when parasites impose less selection than other environmental factors. ","PeriodicalId":214,"journal":{"name":"New Phytologist","volume":"290 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144340842","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Pathogenicity factor p22 of tomato chlorosis virus interferes with abscisic acid-mediated antiviral defenses by disrupting the function of WRKY81 in tomato 番茄黄化病毒致病性因子p22通过破坏番茄WRKY81的功能干扰脱落酸介导的抗病毒防御

IF 9.4 1区生物学

New Phytologist Pub Date : 2025-06-22 DOI: 10.1111/nph.70267

Lianyi Zang, Pei Wang, Qin Yan, Sijia Liu, Mengxue Xiao, Dezhi Peng, Jinhao Xie, Liping Wang, Weihong Lin, Laihua Dong, Simon C. Groen, Xiaoping Zhu, Tao Zhou

{"title":"Pathogenicity factor p22 of tomato chlorosis virus interferes with abscisic acid-mediated antiviral defenses by disrupting the function of WRKY81 in tomato","authors":"Lianyi Zang, Pei Wang, Qin Yan, Sijia Liu, Mengxue Xiao, Dezhi Peng, Jinhao Xie, Liping Wang, Weihong Lin, Laihua Dong, Simon C. Groen, Xiaoping Zhu, Tao Zhou","doi":"10.1111/nph.70267","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.70267","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000<ul>\u0000<li>Abscisic acid (ABA) is essential for plant resistance to both biotic and abiotic stresses, but its regulation during virus infection and role in antiviral defense remain poorly understood. Here, we report that overexpression of SlWRKY81 led to increased ABA accumulation, whereas silencing SlWRKY81 reduced ABA levels in tomato plants. Further analysis revealed that SlWRKY81 directly binds the promoters of ABA biosynthesis genes SlABA2 and SlABA3, thereby activating their expression.</li>\u0000<li>Infection by tomato chlorosis virus (ToCV) inhibited ABA content significantly. Consistently, heterologous expression of ToCV-encoded p22 pathogenicity protein in tomato resulted in an ABA-deficient phenotype. Additionally, exogenous ABA application significantly improved antiviral defense against ToCV, whereas ABA-deficient tomato mutant sitiens exhibited higher susceptibility to ToCV.</li>\u0000<li>While it has been demonstrated that ABA modulates virus accumulation via fine-tuning immunity, viral counter-mechanisms remain unclear. We demonstrate that p22 inhibited the nuclear localization of SlWRKY81. Furthermore, p22 entered the nucleus and impaired the DNA binding activity of SlWRKY81, simultaneously accelerating its degradation through the ubiquitin-26S proteasome pathway via an unknown mechanism.</li>\u0000<li>Our findings uncover the positive role of SlWRKY81 in regulating ABA biosynthesis in tomato and reveal mechanisms by which a viral pathogenicity factor interferes with ABA-mediated antiviral defenses.</li>\u0000</ul>","PeriodicalId":214,"journal":{"name":"New Phytologist","volume":"45 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144341265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Genomic evidence unveils the genetic architecture and evolution of the S-locus controlling heterostyly in Rubiaceae. 基因组证据揭示了茜草科植物中控制花柱异质性的s位点的遗传结构和进化。

IF 9.4 1区生物学

New Phytologist Pub Date : 2025-06-20 DOI: 10.1111/nph.70311

Shuai Yuan,Spencer C H Barrett,Chuqiao Tang,Yangmeng Zhang,Qilin Sun,Zhongtao Zhao,Yu Zhang,Dianxiang Zhang,Shixiao Luo

{"title":"Genomic evidence unveils the genetic architecture and evolution of the S-locus controlling heterostyly in Rubiaceae.","authors":"Shuai Yuan,Spencer C H Barrett,Chuqiao Tang,Yangmeng Zhang,Qilin Sun,Zhongtao Zhao,Yu Zhang,Dianxiang Zhang,Shixiao Luo","doi":"10.1111/nph.70311","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.70311","url":null,"abstract":"The S-locus supergene controlling heterostyly has multiple angiosperm origins and is characterized by convergent evolution in form and function. The genetic architecture of floral polymorphism has been studied in several unrelated families, but not Rubiaceae, which has the largest number of heterostylous species. We assembled genomes of the long- and short-styled morphs of distylous Mussaenda lancipetala and investigated the structure and evolution of the S-locus in three Mussaenda species to evaluate evidence for convergence in genetic architecture and gene function in unrelated families. Genome assemblies and population genomics indicated that the S-locus in M. lancipetala is comprised of three hemizygous genes - MuIAA, MuGA3ox, and MuAPs - present only in the S-morph. In each species, MuIAA, involved in the auxin response pathway, was highly expressed in pistils and floral tubes of the S-morph, and is a likely candidate gene controlling style length. Molecular evolution analysis indicated that the S-haplotype has accumulated repetitive sequences, S-linked genes showed no evidence of relaxed purifying selection, and the evolutionary assembly of the S-locus involved stepwise duplication. Our findings provide support for the prevalence of hemizygosity in S-locus genes and have identified molecular pathways underpinning convergent morphological evolution of clear adaptive significance.","PeriodicalId":214,"journal":{"name":"New Phytologist","volume":"45 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144337488","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

BZR2-GRF5 acts as a hub module in regulating in vitro regeneration through brassinosteroid-auxin crosstalk in hybrid sweetgum. BZR2-GRF5作为枢纽模块，通过油菜素类固醇-生长素串扰调控杂交甜菊的体外再生。

IF 9.4 1区生物学

New Phytologist Pub Date : 2025-06-20 DOI: 10.1111/nph.70256

Ying Li,Wenhao Ma,Paiting Wang,Haiyao Ma,Hongxuan Li,Fen Bao,Yingming Fan,Shuaizheng Qi,Dingju Zhan,Zhenwu Pang,Jian Zhao,Jinfeng Zhang,Siyuan Chen

{"title":"BZR2-GRF5 acts as a hub module in regulating in vitro regeneration through brassinosteroid-auxin crosstalk in hybrid sweetgum.","authors":"Ying Li,Wenhao Ma,Paiting Wang,Haiyao Ma,Hongxuan Li,Fen Bao,Yingming Fan,Shuaizheng Qi,Dingju Zhan,Zhenwu Pang,Jian Zhao,Jinfeng Zhang,Siyuan Chen","doi":"10.1111/nph.70256","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.70256","url":null,"abstract":"In vitro plant regeneration is critical for germplasm multiplication, conservation, and genetic improvement in woody plants, primarily via two pathways: somatic embryogenesis (SE) and organogenesis. Brassinosteroids (BR) and auxin are key hormones regulating plant regeneration. However, the synergistic mechanism between these hormones in hybrid sweetgum remains poorly understood. We demonstrated that LsfBZR1/2 in the BR signaling pathway interacts with LsfGRF2/3/5. Functional characterization revealed that overexpression of either LsfBZR2 or LsfGRF5 significantly promoted callus proliferation while suppressing somatic embryo formation during SE, and enhanced shoot regeneration efficiency in organogenesis. LsfBZR2-LsfGRF5 module was found to differentially regulate the auxin efflux gene LsfWAG2 in a tissue-specific manner. During SE, LsfBZR2 overexpression suppresses LsfWAG2 expression, leading to auxin accumulation that promotes embryogenic callus (EC) proliferation. Conversely, in the organogenesis pathway, LsfBZR2 overexpression enhanced LsfWAG2 expression, which reduced auxin levels and consequently accelerated shoot regeneration. This study represents the first identification of the LsfBZR2-LsfGRF5 module as a central regulator with dual functions in different tissues of hybrid sweetgum. Through the crosstalk between BR and auxin, this module influences both SE and organogenesis. Our study provides evidence supporting the elucidation of the molecular mechanism of in vitro regeneration in hybrid sweetgum, which is of great significance for breeding and large-scale production.","PeriodicalId":214,"journal":{"name":"New Phytologist","volume":"45 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144337499","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Mechanisms driving functional divergence of transcription factor paralogs 驱动转录因子相似物功能分化的机制

IF 9.4 1区生物学

New Phytologist Pub Date : 2025-06-20 DOI: 10.1111/nph.70309

Isabella J. Higgins, Sarah G. Choudury, Aman Y. Husbands

引用次数: 0

Transcriptional evidence of pluripotency during development of the leaf gall formed by grape phylloxera (Daktulosphaira vitifoliae). 葡萄根瘤蚜（Daktulosphaira vitifoliae）形成的叶胆发育过程中多能性的转录证据。

IF 9.4 1区生物学

New Phytologist Pub Date : 2025-06-20 DOI: 10.1111/nph.70241

Jack C Schultz,Mélanie J A Body,Patrick P Edger,Sarah Melissa Witiak,Heidi M Appel

{"title":"Transcriptional evidence of pluripotency during development of the leaf gall formed by grape phylloxera (Daktulosphaira vitifoliae).","authors":"Jack C Schultz,Mélanie J A Body,Patrick P Edger,Sarah Melissa Witiak,Heidi M Appel","doi":"10.1111/nph.70241","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.70241","url":null,"abstract":"Galls are structures formed by plants in response to stimuli by parasitic insects. Because galls require altered gene expression to change cell fates, their initiation requires pluripotent or 'reactive' cells. We used RNA sequencing to test three hypotheses about potential sources of pluripotency in the leaf gall formed by grape phylloxera (Daktulosphaira vitifoliae). We postulated that the insect might express ectopically genes regulating apical meristem pluripotency, exploit preexisting meristems, or induce callus cells de novo. We found that phylloxera exploits preexisting cambial and leaf meristems and promotes callus formation. Pluripotency gene expression increases as leaf cells differentiate, extending gall induction opportunity. Auxin regulates pluripotency gene expression. We found evidence of enhanced auxin synthesis and signaling in the gall and of cytokinin (CK) accumulation and signaling. However, we found no evidence for CK synthesis by the plant. Our results support the view that cellular pluripotency is central to gall development and point to sources of pluripotency in galls of an economically important insect. Results also implicate auxin and CK signaling as a means by which pluripotency is established and maintained in the developing gall.","PeriodicalId":214,"journal":{"name":"New Phytologist","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144337498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Towards the control of biofilm formation in Anabaena (Nostoc) sp. PCC7120: novel insights into the genes involved and their regulation. 对Anabaena (Nostoc) sp. PCC7120生物膜形成的控制：有关基因及其调控的新见解。

IF 9.4 1区生物学

New Phytologist Pub Date : 2025-06-20 DOI: 10.1111/nph.70317

Irene Olivan-Muro,Jorge Guío,Germán Alonso-Tolo,Emma Sevilla,María F Fillat

{"title":"Towards the control of biofilm formation in Anabaena (Nostoc) sp. PCC7120: novel insights into the genes involved and their regulation.","authors":"Irene Olivan-Muro,Jorge Guío,Germán Alonso-Tolo,Emma Sevilla,María F Fillat","doi":"10.1111/nph.70317","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.70317","url":null,"abstract":"Cyanobacteria are major components of biofilms in light-exposed environments, contributing to nutrient cycling, nitrogen fixation and global biogeochemical processes. Although nitrogen-fixing cyanobacteria have been successfully used in biofertilization, the regulatory mechanisms underlying biofilm formation remain poorly understood. In this work, we have identified 183 novel genes in Anabaena sp. PCC7120 potentially associated with exopolysaccharide (EPS) biosynthesis and biofilm formation, unveiling conserved and novel regulatory connections shared with phylogenetically distant bacteria. Anabaena possesses homologues of two-component systems such as XssRS and ColRS from Xanthomonas spp., and AnCrpAB from Methylobacillus, suggesting that these homologues play essential or advantageous roles in biofilm formation across diverse bacterial lineages. Additionally, Anabaena features homologues of several proteins exhibiting the GG-secretion motif typical of small proteins required for biofilm formation in unicellular cyanobacteria. A wide array of biofilm-related genes in Anabaena, including major gene clusters participating in the synthesis and translocation of EPS and key regulatory proteins involved in the control of biofilms in other bacteria are modulated by ferric uptake regulator proteins. These findings link the control of biofilm formation in Anabaena to environmental cues such as metal availability, desiccation and nitrogen levels, providing new insights to improve the use of nitrogen-fixing cyanobacterial biofilms in sustainable agriculture and environmental management.","PeriodicalId":214,"journal":{"name":"New Phytologist","volume":"48 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144337487","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0