New Phytologist最新文献

{"title":"Convergent losses of arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis in carnivorous plants","authors":"Héctor Montero, Matthias Freund, Kenji Fukushima","doi":"10.1111/nph.70544","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.70544","url":null,"abstract":"Summary<jats:list list-type=\"bullet\"> <jats:list-item>Most land plants form the ancient arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbiosis, while carnivory is a younger trait that evolved in several angiosperm orders. The two biotic interactions similarly help plants acquire mineral nutrients, raising the question of whether they can coexist. However, the mycorrhizal status of carnivorous plants has long remained speculative.</jats:list-item> <jats:list-item>We surveyed the occurrence of AM‐associated genes across carnivorous plant lineages, performed AM fungal inoculation assays, and microscopically evaluated the patterns of colonization.</jats:list-item> <jats:list-item>We found convergent losses of the AM trait either coincident with or predating the emergence of carnivory. Exceptionally, the carnivorous plant <jats:italic>Roridula gorgonias</jats:italic> retains symbiosis‐related genes and forms arbuscules. The youngest carnivorous lineage, <jats:italic>Brocchinia reducta</jats:italic>, showed signatures of the early stages of AM trait loss. An AM‐associated <jats:italic>CHITINASE</jats:italic> gene encodes a digestive enzyme in the carnivorous plant <jats:italic>Cephalotus</jats:italic>, suggesting gene co‐option.</jats:list-item> <jats:list-item>We uncovered a mutually exclusive trend of AM symbiosis and carnivory, with only rare instances of coexistence. These findings illuminate the largely unexplored processes by which plant nutritional strategies evolve and supplant one another over time.</jats:list-item> </jats:list>","PeriodicalId":214,"journal":{"name":"New Phytologist","volume":"207 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145140949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mitochondrial iron transporter ClMrs3/4 regulates iron homeostasis to modulate nitric oxide balance facilitating appressorial development in Curvularia lunata.","authors":"Jiaying Sun,Hongming Huang,Jiayang Li,Jingru Xu,Jiaqi Jia,Wenling Li,Jie Cheng,Dongyu Zhu,Miaomiao Liu,Mingyue Yuan,Shuqin Xiao,Chunsheng Xue","doi":"10.1111/nph.70594","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.70594","url":null,"abstract":"Iron is indispensable for the vast majority of organisms, and iron homeostasis plays a pivotal role in both the physiology and pathogenesis of fungal pathogens. However, the underlying mechanisms by which iron homeostasis modulates fungal pathogenesis remain to be fully elucidated. We therefore focused on investigating the functions of mitochondrial iron transporter ClMrs3/4 in virulence. We conducted targeted gene deletions, expression analyses, biochemistry, and pathogenicity assays, demonstrating that ClMrs3/4 regulates appressorial development via maintenance of cellular iron balance in Curvularia lunata. ClMrs3/4 modulates virulence by influencing appressorial development in C. lunata, which is dependent on iron homeostasis. ClMrs3/4 controls nitric oxide (NO) balance via the nitrate (NO3 -) assimilation pathway by modulating cytoplasmic iron levels, a process crucial for turgor pressure accumulation within the appressoria independent of mitochondrial and cytoplasmic Fe-S cluster biosynthesis. Our findings underscore the conserved role of Mrs3/4 in iron homeostasis among pathogenic fungi and propose a novel mechanism by which iron homeostasis regulates virulence, particularly through the NO3 - assimilation pathway mediated by cytoplasmic iron levels to regulate appressorial development.","PeriodicalId":214,"journal":{"name":"New Phytologist","volume":"154 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145140160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dominique Bergmann","authors":"","doi":"10.1111/nph.70535","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.70535","url":null,"abstract":"Dominique Bergmann, Stanford University (USA) and the Howard Hughes Medical Institute (USA).","PeriodicalId":214,"journal":{"name":"New Phytologist","volume":"154 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145140950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role of post-translational modifications in the dynamics of cytoplasmic biomolecular condensates in plants.","authors":"Margaux Legoux,Jean-Philippe Reichheld,Rémy Merret","doi":"10.1111/nph.70593","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.70593","url":null,"abstract":"Cytoplasmic biomolecular condensates are membrane-less structures important for cell homeostasis, especially during stress conditions. These aggregates concentrate RNA, protein, and metabolites during a wide variety of stresses. The formation of cytoplasmic biomolecular condensates was studied extensively in plants, revealing many key actors involved in their nucleation. More recently, post-translational modifications (PTMs) of some of these components appear as a novel layer in cytoplasmic biomolecular condensate formation. Here, we describe the importance of the PTMs in cytoplasmic biomolecular condensate dynamics in plants. We highlight the major contribution of phosphorylation and ubiquitination in these processes and discuss the involvement of other recently discovered PTMs.","PeriodicalId":214,"journal":{"name":"New Phytologist","volume":"100 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145140194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rapid induction of NH4 + efflux in rice roots under high-ammonium stress and its association with varietal differences in ammonium tolerance and ammonium-utilization efficiency.","authors":"Dong-Wei Di,Ting-Ting Li,Jingjing Wu,Meng Wang,Herbert J Kronzucker,Yunqi Liu,Chuanfa Liu,Weiming Shi","doi":"10.1111/nph.70590","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.70590","url":null,"abstract":"Ammonium (NH4 +) efflux is a pivotal mechanism underlying root responses to NH4 + toxicity, yet critical questions have remained unresolved, such as on the speed of onset and rectification of the NH4 +-efflux response to NH4 + stress, its association with ammonium-use efficiency (AUE) and NH4 + tolerance, and the identity of the transporter proteins or channel types mediating efflux. Here we survey the current state of the literature on the topic and combine the survey with new experiments in the leading crop species rice. We provide a pharmacological profile of NH4 + fluxes under transient high-NH4 + treatments in rice-root protoplasts and demonstrate that acute NH4 + stress induces immediate and sustained NH4 + efflux, likely mediated by aquaporins, ATP-Binding Cassette transporters, and potassium channels. We furthermore provide a screen of 99 cultivars that reveals a strong negative correlation (P < 0.01) between NH4 + efflux and both root-NH4 + tolerance and AUE, identifying efflux as a critical constraint on nitrogen-use efficiency. Probenecid-mediated inhibition of efflux is shown to boost NH4 + uptake by 23.65% in high-efflux cultivars, underscoring the regulatory role of NH4 + efflux. Our findings shine new light on plant adaptation to NH4 + toxicity and establish a molecular framework for improving nitrogen-use-efficiency of crops through modulation of NH4 +-efflux pathways.","PeriodicalId":214,"journal":{"name":"New Phytologist","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145140228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The unique root form and function on the Tibetan Plateau.","authors":"Zhi Zheng,Feifei Dong,Ziyue Li,Lijuan Chen,Qinwen Han,Monique Weemstra,J Aaron Hogan,Oscar J Valverde-Barrantes,Wen-Hao Zhang,Junjian Wang,Junxiang Ding,Deliang Kong","doi":"10.1111/nph.70595","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.70595","url":null,"abstract":"Root traits, particularly anatomical traits, underpin root functions necessary for plant survival and adaptation. However, the coordination of root traits in extreme environments remains unresolved. We linked root functions that encompass foraging, uptake, and mining to anatomical traits of absorptive roots of typical and common species on the Tibetan Plateau and compared them with those in other regions globally. Our results showed that in alpine grasslands of the Tibetan Plateau, root functions were governed by root diameter and associated anatomical traits, rather than by specific root length (SRL, an indicator of root foraging) as observed globally. Specific root respiration (an indicator of active nutrient uptake) scaled with tube size and number within the root vascular system, whereas root exudation rate and acid phosphatase activity (indicators of nutrient mining) were linked to cortex cell size and layer number. These anatomical adaptations contrast with global patterns, where higher SRL supports nutrient acquisition through reduced construction costs. Our findings reveal unique root forms and functions in the alpine environments, highlighting the importance of cellular anatomy in shaping plant function in extreme environments.","PeriodicalId":214,"journal":{"name":"New Phytologist","volume":"61 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145127110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Accumulation of phosphatidylinositol 4,5‐bisphosphate inhibits the excessive infection of rhizobia in Lotus japonicus","authors":"Akira Akamatsu, Toshiki Ishikawa, Hiroto Tanaka, Yoji Kawano, Makoto Hayashi, Naoya Takeda","doi":"10.1111/nph.70527","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.70527","url":null,"abstract":"Summary<jats:list list-type=\"bullet\"> <jats:list-item>During the symbiosis of legumes with nitrogen‐fixing bacteria, collectively called rhizobia, suppression of excessive rhizobial infection by host plants is important to maximize the benefits of symbiotic nitrogen fixation. However, the molecular mechanism involved in the suppression remains relatively poorly understood.</jats:list-item> <jats:list-item>We performed LC‐MS and RNA‐Seq analysis using rhizobia‐infected <jats:italic>Lotus japonicus</jats:italic> roots and investigated the role of phosphatidylinositol (PI) and phosphatidylinositol phosphates (PIPs) in the symbiosis. <jats:italic>Phosphatidylinositol transfer protein</jats:italic> (<jats:italic>PITP</jats:italic>)<jats:italic>‐like proteins 4</jats:italic> (<jats:italic>PLP4</jats:italic>), <jats:italic>phosphatidylinositol 3‐phosphate 5‐kinase 4</jats:italic> (<jats:italic>PIP5K4</jats:italic>), and <jats:italic>PIP5K6</jats:italic> mutants, which are involved in the vesicular transport of lipids and phosphorylation of PIPs, were used to show the involvement of the signaling of PI and PIPs. Accumulation of phosphatidylinositol 4,5‐bisphosphate [PI(4,5)P<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>] during rhizobial infection was examined by a fluorescent marker 1×TUBBY‐C (TUBBY).</jats:list-item> <jats:list-item>We found that PI signaling‐related genes were upregulated, and the amount of PIP<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> increased in <jats:italic>L. japonicus</jats:italic> roots during rhizobial infection. In the <jats:italic>PLP4</jats:italic>, <jats:italic>PIP5K4</jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>PIP5K6</jats:italic> mutants, rhizobial infection increased, while PIP<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> accumulation failed. Furthermore, the observation of PI(4,5)P<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> in rhizobia‐infected roots revealed that ectopic accumulation was closely related to the suppression of rhizobial infection.</jats:list-item> <jats:list-item>Our findings indicate that the accumulation of PI(4,5)P<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>, mediated by PLP and PIP5Ks, suppresses excessive rhizobial infection in the root epidermis and cortex, leading to the optimal number of nodules.</jats:list-item> </jats:list>","PeriodicalId":214,"journal":{"name":"New Phytologist","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145116549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"24 million years of pollination interaction between European linden flowers and bumble bees.","authors":"Christian Geier,Michael S Engel,Johannes M Bouchal,Silvia Ulrich,Jürg Schönenberger,Dieter Uhl,Torsten Wappler,Sonja Wedmann,Loup Boudet,Friðgeir Grímsson","doi":"10.1111/nph.70531","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.70531","url":null,"abstract":"Pollination is the most common insect-plant mutualism, binding them in a co-evolutionary framework. Historic evidence of this interaction can be partly inferred from time-calibrated molecular phylogenies of plant and insect lineages or directly from fossils. Fossils providing such evidence are sparse and only a few fossiliferous localities offer adequate preservation of both flowers and insects. We screened fossil flowers and bees from the Late Oligocene (Chattian) of Enspel, Germany, using white and fluorescent light, followed by palynological sampling and detailed investigation. Flowers are identified via pollen and floral morphology in comparison with modern taxa. The bumble bees are described and placed into a morphological framework with extant congeners. The pollination biology of extant Tilia is summarized and complemented by field observations. We report the new fossil species Tilia magnasepala C. Geier et Schönenb. sp. nov. (Tilioideae, Malvaceae), Bombus (Kronobombus) messegus Engel et Wappler, sp. nov., and Bombus (Timebombus) palaeocrater Engel et Wappler, sp. nov. (Apidae: Bombini). The presence of the same Tilia pollen in situ in flowers and adhering to the exterior of the bumble bees provides direct evidence for their interaction and the role of Bombus as a pollinator for Tilia by at least the Late Oligocene and persisting to the present.","PeriodicalId":214,"journal":{"name":"New Phytologist","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145103531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lithium in plants","authors":"Sebastian Garcia-Daga, Sina Fischer, Matthew Gilliham","doi":"10.1111/nph.70523","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.70523","url":null,"abstract":"The physiological significance of lithium (Li⁺) remains largely unexplored in plants despite its consistent presence in at least trace concentrations in plant tissues. While Li⁺ has traditionally been associated with salinity-like stress symptoms and presumed to utilise sodium (Na⁺) transport pathways, accumulating evidence points to multiple differences in Li⁺ and Na⁺ transport and toxicity responses. Notably, the existence of a putative Li⁺-specific transporter and the poor Li⁺ permeability of some Na⁺ transporters challenge the prevailing dogma of shared transport pathways. In addition, Li⁺ specific effects on reactive oxygen species further differentiate it from being a Na⁺ analogue. Moreover, Li⁺ can strongly displace magnesium (Mg²⁺) from enzyme binding sites and also directly interact with nucleic acids, effects that have been largely overlooked in plants, but are likely to be central to its biological impact. This review provides a comprehensive synthesis of Li⁺ transport and molecular interactions, highlighting emerging concepts, knowledge gaps, and new opportunities. As global Li⁺ demand rises due to its role in batteries, understanding how plants tolerate and mobilise Li⁺ may open exciting new biotechnological applications for recycling industrial waste, phytoremediation of contaminated soils and biofortification of Li-enriched foods.","PeriodicalId":214,"journal":{"name":"New Phytologist","volume":"60 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145103775","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dual role of Gloosy15 in regulating flowering by modulating gibberellins and floral organ gene expression in maize.","authors":"Juan Yang,Guoqiang Xu,Mingyue Zhang,Weicong Xue,Jie Wu,Yilin Li,Guangshu Song,Baobao Wang,Yongming Liu,Xiaoyuan Chen,Dexin Kong,Haiyang Wang","doi":"10.1111/nph.70492","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.70492","url":null,"abstract":"Flowering time is determined by two developmental transitions (vegetative phase change and floral transition), and is a key determinant of maize adaptation and yield potential. Gloosy15 (Gl15) encodes an APETALA2 (AP2)-like transcription factor that negatively regulates maize vegetative phase change. However, the underlying explicit molecular mechanism of Gl15 remains unclear. In this study, we report that Gl15 is a candidate quantitative trait locus (QTL) for vegetative phase change and a selective target during modern maize breeding, and demonstrate that the Hap1 allele of Gl15 likely represents a favorable haplotype under selection for early flowering. We show that Gl15 directly downregulates the expression of a gibberellin (GA) biosynthesis gene (DWARF1, D1), but upregulates the expression of a GA catabolism gene (ZmGA2ox3) in both the leaf and shoot apices, leading to reduced bioactive GA levels and delayed flowering. We also find that Gl15 directly inhibits the expression of the floral activator ZMM4 in the shoot apex to delay floral transition. Our findings suggest a dual role of Gl15 in regulating flowering by modulating gibberellins and floral organ gene expression in maize, and provide new genetic targets for improving flowering time in maize cultivars.","PeriodicalId":214,"journal":{"name":"New Phytologist","volume":"81 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145103534","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}