New Phytologist最新文献

{"title":"Soil phosphate availability drives shifts between arbuscular mycorrhizal and ectomycorrhizal fungi in the dual mycorrhizal plant Quercus serrata.","authors":"Tatsuhiro Ezawa,Chika Mizukami,Anjar Cahyaningtyas,Mana Mukai,Kanehiro Kitayama","doi":"10.1111/nph.70566","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.70566","url":null,"abstract":"Dual mycorrhizal plants are associated with both arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) and ectomycorrhizal (EcM) fungi that differ in cost and effectiveness for nutrient acquisition. Little is known about environmental drivers for the shifts between these associations in dual mycorrhizal plants. We hypothesize that high phosphate availability leads to increases in AM fungal association that may be less costly than EcM fungal association. Root, soil, and leaf samples of the dual mycorrhizal plant Quercus serrata were collected from 15 field sites differing in available phosphate across Japan. The fungal internal transcribed spacer region of DNA extracted from the roots was amplified and sequenced. Chemical properties of the soil and leaf samples were analyzed. AM fungal richness and abundance were positively correlated with NaOH-extractable phosphate (NaOH-Pi) in the soil, whereas the abundances of short- and long-distance explorer-type EcM fungi were correlated negatively and positively, respectively, with inorganic N to NaOH-Pi ratios. These results imply that phosphate availability drives EcM-AM shifts, as well as that in the exploration types of EcM fungi. We demonstrated that dual mycorrhizal plants flexibly accommodate the distinctive mycorrhizas in response to soil nutrients, which might be important traits to optimize the cost-benefit ratios for nutrient acquisition in a given environment.","PeriodicalId":214,"journal":{"name":"New Phytologist","volume":"117 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145103535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rice floret infection strategy unraveled","authors":"Jan Schirawski","doi":"10.1111/nph.70589","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.70589","url":null,"abstract":"<div><i>Ustilaginoidea virens</i>, the causal agent of false smut in rice, poses a significant threat to global rice production, with yield losses of up to 53% reported in India (Masurkar <i>et al</i>., <span>2023</span>) and increasing incidence world-wide (Adhikari, <span>2024</span>). This ascomycete employs an intriguing plant infection strategy by colonizing rice florets through the stamens of the florets, apparently without the use of appressoria or other visible infection structures. Notably, it may bypass conventional plant penetration mechanisms depending on cell wall degradation, as its genome harbors relatively few genes encoding cell-wall degrading enzymes compared to other phytopathogenic ascomycetes (Zhang <i>et al</i>., <span>2014</span>). In an article recently published in <i>New Phytologist</i>, Yu <i>et al</i>. (<span>2025</span>; doi: 10.1111/nph.70414) now find that <i>U. virens</i> secretes a small effector protein into the host tissue. This effector interacts with a plant target protein to release two MADS transcription factors from the chloroplast into the nucleus, where they activate gibberellin (GA) biosynthesis. Elevated GA levels promote plant elongation, suppress immune responses, and induce the expression of expansins. Expansins are proteins that lead to cell-wall loosening (Cosgrove, <span>2024</span>). Together, these effects likely facilitate hyphal invasion of the stamens by weakening physical barriers and dampening plant defenses. <blockquote><p><i>This study stands out as a textbook example of effector function elucidation through a combination of rigorous experimentation and hypothesis-driven exploration…</i></p>\u0000<div></div>\u0000</blockquote>\u0000</div>\u0000<p>Yu <i>et al</i>. started with the quest to uncover the role of predicted secreted cysteine-rich effectors (SCREs) that were discovered after genome sequencing (Zhang <i>et al</i>., <span>2014</span>). Among these, <i>UvSCRE9</i> – a 142-amino acid protein lacking known conserved domains but containing three conserved motifs of unknown function – is highly upregulated during plant infection. They first validated the functionality of its predicted secretion signal peptide by two heterologous secretion assays. In <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i>, the UvSCRE9 signal peptide directed secretion of an invertase lacking its native signal peptide to the culture medium. In <i>Magnaporthe oryzae</i>, the effector directed the green fluorescent protein (GFP) to the biotrophic interfacial complex, a plant-derived membrane-rich structure that is targeted by some proven plant-transferred <i>M. oryzae</i> effector proteins (Oliveira-Garcia <i>et al</i>., <span>2024</span>). Deletion of <i>UvSCRE9</i> from the genome of <i>U. virens</i> severely reduced its ability to cause false smut symptoms in rice. This virulence defect was rescued by overexpression of a FLAG-tagged <i>UvSCRE9</i> transgene in the mutant background, confirming the effector's important role in pathogenicity.</p>\u0000<","PeriodicalId":214,"journal":{"name":"New Phytologist","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145103771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multiple hybrid zones involving four Cardamine species and their triploid progeny: watching allopolyploid speciation in action?","authors":"Judita Zozomová-Lihová,Marek Šlenker,Barbora Šingliarová,Kristína Pulišová,Terezie Mandáková,Karol Marhold","doi":"10.1111/nph.70575","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.70575","url":null,"abstract":"Hybrid zones provide excellent opportunities to study evolutionary processes linked to interspecific gene flow, including introgression, genetic erosion, polyploid establishment, and speciation. The genus Cardamine (Brassicaceae) serves as an excellent model for polyploid evolution, including one of the few well-documented neo-allopolyploid species that have evolved in the last 300 yr. Using a combination of flow cytometric screening of nuclear DNA content, next-generation restriction site-associated DNA sequencing, and genomic in situ hybridization, we uncovered an unprecedented case of extensive interspecific hybridization in Cardamine, involving four parental species and their predominantly triploid offspring. We demonstrate the recurrent and polytopic origins of both autotriploids and allotriploids, the latter integrating different parental genomes. Our findings highlight Cardamine rivularis as a central player in this system, likely producing unreduced female gametes at a high rate, which drives the formation of diverse triploids. However, this species may also face the risk of genetic swamping and ecological displacement. The substantial genetic variation of the hybrids, their high frequency, partial fertility, and efficient clonal spread suggest significant evolutionary potential. Overall, we propose that these hybrid zones provide a rare and valuable natural laboratory for studying the emergence of neo-allopolyploids and the mechanisms shaping polyploid evolution.","PeriodicalId":214,"journal":{"name":"New Phytologist","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145089911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phylogenetic relatedness drives litter-mediated diversity-invasibility relationships.","authors":"Chaofang Sun,Cai Cheng,Zhijie Zhang,Mei Ye,Yanyan Li,Evan Siemann,Mu Liu,Xue Zhang,Yi Wang,Bo Li,Xiang Liu,Jihua Wu","doi":"10.1111/nph.70563","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.70563","url":null,"abstract":"Native plant diversity typically enhances community resistance to biological invasions by reducing resource availability and by accumulating natural enemies. However, after senescence, litter-mediated processes may either strengthen resistance through pathogen spillover or promote invasion through nutrient enrichment. We experimentally partitioned nutrient and pathogen effects to test how litter diversity and phylogenetic relatedness between native and invasive species shape invasion outcomes. Three invasive Asteraceae species were exposed to diseased litter from native plants that were either closely or distantly related, while manipulating litter diversity (1, 2, or 6 species) and pathogen presence (with or without fungicide). Higher litter diversity from closely related natives suppressed invader biomass. Fungicide treatment eliminated this effect, demonstrating that pathogen spillover mediated diversity-driven invasion resistance. Conversely, litter from distantly related natives enhanced invader biomass with increasing diversity due to nutrient enrichment. Our results show that phylogenetic relatedness structures the balance between pathogen spillover and nutrient enrichment, determining whether native diversity reinforces or undermines invasion resistance through litter pathways.","PeriodicalId":214,"journal":{"name":"New Phytologist","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145089910","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Decoding flowering regulation in neotropical orchids: insights from epiphytic and terrestrial species.","authors":"Yesenia Madrigal,Juan F Alzate,Gerco C Angenent,Marian Bemer,Natalia Pabón-Mora","doi":"10.1111/nph.70577","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.70577","url":null,"abstract":"Orchids exhibit dramatic differences in flowering transitions across their evolutionarily diverse life forms and habitats. Some bloom year-round, while others flower biannually, annually, or biennially. Flowering adaptations have been crucial for orchid diversification, reaching 29 000 species. We analyzed morpho-anatomical changes and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) during the transition from vegetative to reproductive meristems in three Andean orchid species: the epiphytic Cattleya trianae (Lindl. & Rchb.f.), and the terrestrials Elleanthus aurantiacus (Lindl.) Rchb.f. and Epidendrum fimbriatum Kunth. Our analyses identified shared key flowering promoters, including FT2A, FUL1A, FUL1B, LFY, and SOC1L1a, and common flowering repressors, such as AP2L, COL4A, COL4B, GHD7, SVP2A, and TFL1 in all three species. Terrestrial species lacking storage organs have a higher proportion of DEGs that are transcription factors, while the epiphytic C. trianae, with pseudobulbs, shows additional enriched categories like carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, and transport proteins. Most flowering integrators are duplicated in Orchidaceae, but only some copies are transcriptionally active and retain expected protein interactions. We identified major flowering hubs shared among the species, as well as pathways exclusive to epiphytic species with storage organs. Our results set the stage for future functional analyses of key flowering regulators in one of the most speciose angiosperm families.","PeriodicalId":214,"journal":{"name":"New Phytologist","volume":"68 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145083320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CmMYBML1-CmTGA1-CmTPS1 module regulates Chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum morifolium) resistance to the aphid Macrosiphoniella sanbourni.","authors":"You Wang,Yaqin Guan,Chaojun Hong,Mei Yang,Xinhui Wang,Yifan Jiang,Likai Wang,Jiafu Jiang,Fadi Chen,Sumei Chen","doi":"10.1111/nph.70547","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.70547","url":null,"abstract":"Terpenoids represent one of the most varied groups of secondary metabolites and are essential in numerous biological functions in plants, especially in response to biotic stress. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the biosynthesis of sesquiterpenes in response to aphid infestation and the impact of sesquiterpenes on aphid feeding behavior remain unclear. Here, we focus on CmTPS1 as a starting point to analyze its catalytic activity in the synthesis of sesquiterpenes. Then, the transcriptional regulatory mechanisms of sesquiterpenes and their role in the defense of chrysanthemum against aphids were explored. After aphid feeding, the methyl jasmonate content in chrysanthemum increased, and the CmMYBML1 expression was upregulated. CmMYBML1 directly binds to the CmTGA1 promoter and activates its expression, and CmTGA1 directly binds to the promoter of the chrysanthemum sesquiterpene synthase gene CmTPS1 and promotes its expression. The cascade regulates the synthesis of various sesquiterpenes, including β-Caryophyllene, β-Copaene, (E)-β-Farnesene, Germacrene D, and Aromadendrene, ultimately enhancing the chrysanthemum's defense against aphids. This study is the first to show that the CmMYBML1-CmTGA1-CmTPS1 module regulates sesquiterpene biosynthesis in response to aphid feeding. Our findings provide new insights into a novel regulatory network by which plants modulate the synthesis of sesquiterpenes to defend against herbivores in chrysanthemum.","PeriodicalId":214,"journal":{"name":"New Phytologist","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145083346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction to 'A guide to understanding and measuring photosynthetic induction: considerations and recommendations'.","authors":"","doi":"10.1111/nph.70529","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.70529","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":214,"journal":{"name":"New Phytologist","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145083318","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Coordination of cortex modifications in time, space, and under stress.","authors":"Dorota Kawa,Hannah M Schneider,Kaisa Kajala","doi":"10.1111/nph.70581","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.70581","url":null,"abstract":"In roots, cell-type-specific differentiation enables specialized responses to environmental stress. The cortex, located between the vasculature and epidermis, is a key site for stress-responsive modifications. The distinct specializations of the cortex are controlled by developmental, positional and environmental signals. Cortex layers are developmentally and transcriptionally diverse, with capacities of forming protective barriers such as endodermis and exodermis and other cell-type modifications such as multiseriate cortical sclerenchyma and aerenchyma to aid in edaphic stress tolerance. Additionally, the cortex is essential in forming nitrogen-fixing nodules and arbuscules, and therefore symbiotic interactions. These modifications enhance stress resilience by regulating the two-way fluxes of water, solutes and nutrients between the soil and the plant, increasing mechanical strength or facilitating biotic interactions. Understanding how cortex modifications coexist, synergize to influence plant fitness, or compensate for each other remains a challenge. Future research should focus on their combined effects across root types to reveal trade-offs and optimize stress protection.","PeriodicalId":214,"journal":{"name":"New Phytologist","volume":"56 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145083319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trait-mediated filtering of Phytophthora pathogen invasions through global horticultural trade networks.","authors":"Louise J Barwell,Bethan V Purse,Sarah Green,Giles Hardy,Peter Scott,Nari Williams,David E L Cooke,Ana Perez-Sierra,Treena I Burgess,Daniel Chapman","doi":"10.1111/nph.70587","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.70587","url":null,"abstract":"Estimates of invasion risk can support prioritisation of future threats from non-native species. Greater risk of invasion is expected when species occur in connected source regions and possess traits promoting successful transport, introduction or establishment. We compile a global database of first reports of Phytophthora de Bary species, a diverse oomycete genus attacking a broad range of plant hosts across multiple regions, sectors and ecosystem types with increasing frequency. Using Bayesian hierarchical zero-inflated models, we model global patterns of new detections since 2005 among 109 Phytophthora pathogens across 56 countries with at least two known Phytophthora species reported before 2005. We estimate the effects of trade connectivity, climate matching, national surveillance and pathogen traits on the probability of a new detection. We find that 69 (38%) Phytophthora species were either unknown or had no known source regions before 2005 and were therefore excluded from our analysis. Our study shows that invasion risk is increased for pathogens with broader thermal tolerance and the ability to produce survival structures linked to stress tolerance and asymptomatic infections. This knowledge can be used to enhance national horizon scanning and risk-based surveillance activities to better manage risks to plant health from emerging pathogens.","PeriodicalId":214,"journal":{"name":"New Phytologist","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145083607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction to 'Increased diversity by cushion plants enhances alpine community productivity and stability'.","authors":"","doi":"10.1111/nph.70586","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.70586","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":214,"journal":{"name":"New Phytologist","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145083480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}