New Phytologist最新文献

{"title":"Metabolic convergence on TOR signaling in the chestnut blight fungus and its regulation by host plant signals","authors":"Yo‐Han Ko, Jeesun Chun, Geonmin Kim, Jiwon Yu, Dae‐Hyuk Kim","doi":"10.1111/nph.71631","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.71631","url":null,"abstract":"Summary <jats:list list-type=\"bullet\"> <jats:list-item> Transcriptomic analysis of the chestnut blight fungus <jats:italic>Cryphonectria parasitica</jats:italic> identified 22 core genes regulated by Cryphonectria hypovirus 1 (CHV1) infection and sectorization. Twelve genes with common phenocopies were analyzed: all mutants displayed restricted colonial growth, intense pigmentation, hyperbranched terminal hyphae with swollen globose cells, and reduced conidiation. Although gene‐specific mutant phenotypes existed, responses to most stressors were similar to those of the wild‐type. </jats:list-item> <jats:list-item> Mutant growth was highly sensitive to nutrient conditions, and growth restriction was notably alleviated by supplementation with 1.0 M sorbitol, nutrient‐deficient media, or skim milk. All mutants showed hallmarks consistent with reduced target of rapamycin (TOR) signaling. Trehalose accumulation, a canonical fungal response to TOR inhibition, was observed in mutants via transcriptional upregulation of core trehalose biosynthetic genes, resulting in altered hyphal osmolarity and common mutant cell phenotypes. </jats:list-item> <jats:list-item> Plant signals overrode the mutants' phenotypes, strongly promoting their growth and differentiation. Although a severely retarded growth defect was observed in mutants, mutants' virulence remained intact, which can be ascribed to the host‐plant signals. </jats:list-item> <jats:list-item> Cryphonectria hypovirus 1 (CHV1)‐infected mutants exhibited greater growth restriction, accompanied by genotype‐specific CHV1 titers. Despite gene‐specific variation, common phenocopies indicate that diverse metabolic pathways converge on the TOR pathway in the fungal response to host‐plant and CHV1 infection. </jats:list-item> </jats:list>","PeriodicalId":214,"journal":{"name":"New Phytologist","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2026-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149172560","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biocrusts contribute to shrub nitrogen nutrition via soil transfer in resource-limited drylands","authors":"Dexun Qiu,&nbsp;Bo Xiao,&nbsp;Weiqiang Dou,&nbsp;Tianqi Zhao,&nbsp;Jianying Guo,&nbsp;Raúl Ochoa-Hueso","doi":"10.1111/nph.71575","DOIUrl":"10.1111/nph.71575","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>\u0000 \u0000 </p><ul>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <li>Biocrusts and xeric shrubs commonly coexist in drylands, forming shrub–biocrust patches that shape soil processes and ecosystem functioning. While biocrusts are important sources of newly fixed nitrogen (N) and carbon (C), it remains unclear how C and N move between biocrusts and shrubs, whether transfer is bidirectional or asymmetric, and which pathways mediate exchange.</li>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <li>Using whole-atmosphere isotope pulse labeling combined with experimental manipulation of hyphal access in a semiarid shrubland, we traced biocrust-fixed N (¹⁵N₂), biocrust-fixed C (¹³CO₂), and shrub-fixed C (¹³CO₂).</li>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <li>Biocrust-fixed N was detected in shallow soils and subsequently in shrub roots and leaves. Restricting hyphal access did not reduce ¹⁵N enrichment in shrub aboveground tissues, indicating that N transfer over the one-month observation period was consistent with soil-mediated redistribution rather than being dominated by direct hyphal transport. By contrast, biocrust-fixed C remained largely confined to biocrust and soil compartments, with no detectable incorporation into shrub tissues. Shrub-fixed C was retained within plant tissues and did not measurably enter biocrust or soil pools.</li>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <li>Our results therefore reveal asymmetric, element-specific redistribution, with biocrust-derived N moving through soil into shrub tissues but no detectable reciprocal transfer of shrub-derived C, highlighting biocrusts as important sources of plant-available N in resource-limited drylands.</li>\u0000 </ul>\u0000 \u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":214,"journal":{"name":"New Phytologist","volume":"252 4","pages":"1457-1469"},"PeriodicalIF":8.7,"publicationDate":"2026-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148922780","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"TurboID-based proteomic profiling reveals proxitome of the IRT1 metal transporter and new insight into IRT1 endocytosis","authors":"Liza Pellegrin,&nbsp;Steven Fanara,&nbsp;Bertrand Fabre,&nbsp;Carole Pichereaux,&nbsp;Nathalie Leonhardt,&nbsp;Valérie Cotelle,&nbsp;Grégory Vert,&nbsp;Julie Neveu","doi":"10.1111/nph.71560","DOIUrl":"10.1111/nph.71560","url":null,"abstract":"<p>\u0000 \u0000 </p>","PeriodicalId":214,"journal":{"name":"New Phytologist","volume":"252 4","pages":"1545-1564"},"PeriodicalIF":8.7,"publicationDate":"2026-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/nph.71560","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148946742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Harnessing genetic variation for grain quality from diverse wheat landraces","authors":"Luqman B. Safdar, M. John Foulkes, Alix Cornish, Elizabeth D. Goodman, Andrew B. Riche, David Steele, Charlie Philp, Shiva Rahimitanha, Martin Whitworth, Iain R. Searle, Matt Kerton, Malcolm J. Hawkesford, Simon Griffiths, Rahul A. Bhosale, Scott A. Boden, Ian D. Fisk","doi":"10.1111/nph.71628","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.71628","url":null,"abstract":"Summary <jats:list list-type=\"bullet\"> <jats:list-item> The grain quality traits of protein content, grain weight and size are socially and economically important for wheat ( <jats:italic>Triticum aestivum</jats:italic> ) breeding. Modern wheat germplasm has limited genetic variation for vital traits, including grain quality, underscoring the need to investigate ancestral varieties/landraces for beneficial allelic diversity. </jats:list-item> <jats:list-item> Here, we develop a reliable and sensitive single‐seed hyperspectral imaging‐based phenotyping platform to quantify grain protein, weight and size in 827 diverse wheat landraces, achieving improved predictive accuracy ( <jats:italic>R</jats:italic> <jats:sup>2</jats:sup> = 0.91) vs previous methods. We identified novel genetic variants (or loci) for grain protein content and its heterogeneity between individual grains in a genotype, and grain weight, and validated them through bi‐parental linkage mapping. </jats:list-item> <jats:list-item> Many loci we report are rare and absent from modern breeding germplasm. Beneficial haplotypes at these loci improved mean protein content and homogeneity without compromising grain weight; these haplotypes represent valuable genetic variation for agriculture. We identify a stable locus on chromosome 6A contributing to protein heterogeneity within single grains, suggesting homogeneity in protein content could be a selectable trait for breeding. </jats:list-item> <jats:list-item> Our findings demonstrate how integration of advanced phenotyping into breeding strategies can harness untapped genetic diversity for grain quality improvement in wheat, providing an opportunity to enhance grain nutritional value. </jats:list-item> </jats:list>","PeriodicalId":214,"journal":{"name":"New Phytologist","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2026-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149140459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Climate drivers of mesophyll conductance: temperature and water deficit alter CO 2 diffusion and leaf anatomy in cotton","authors":"Demi Sargent, Warren C. Conaty, Kelly Chapman, Garima Dubey, Laurel George, Sue Lindsay, Richard Wuhrer, Susanne von Caemmerer, John R. Evans, Robert E. Sharwood","doi":"10.1111/nph.71602","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.71602","url":null,"abstract":"Summary <jats:list list-type=\"bullet\"> <jats:list-item> Mesophyll conductance ( <jats:italic>g</jats:italic> <jats:sub>m</jats:sub> ) limits CO <jats:sub>2</jats:sub> delivery to Rubisco, yet its responses to temperature, heat and water deficit are poorly resolved in cotton ( <jats:italic>Gossypium hirsutum</jats:italic> ). We characterised photosynthetic and <jats:italic>g</jats:italic> <jats:sub>m</jats:sub> temperature responses in five <jats:italic>Gossypium</jats:italic> species, then examined cultivated <jats:italic>G. hirsutum</jats:italic> and the Australian native <jats:italic>Gossypium bickii</jats:italic> under combined elevated temperature and soil water deficit to link physiological responses with mesophyll anatomy. </jats:list-item> <jats:list-item> Plants were grown under controlled glasshouse conditions. We quantified <jats:italic>g</jats:italic> <jats:sub>m</jats:sub> using simultaneous gas exchange and online stable carbon isotope discrimination (Δ, ‰) and measured leaf anatomy. </jats:list-item> <jats:list-item> Across species, photosynthesis and <jats:italic>g</jats:italic> <jats:sub>m</jats:sub> exhibited broad thermal optima (33–36°C). In <jats:italic>G. hirsutum</jats:italic> , water deficit at control temperature reduced <jats:italic>g</jats:italic> <jats:sub>m</jats:sub> and induced thicker, more porous mesophyll and thicker cell walls, while assimilation declined only under combined heat and water deficit. In <jats:italic>G. bickii</jats:italic> , <jats:italic>g</jats:italic> <jats:sub>m</jats:sub> and assimilation remained stable under combined stress, and <jats:italic>g</jats:italic> <jats:sub>m</jats:sub> was stimulated by elevated temperature without anatomical adjustment. </jats:list-item> <jats:list-item> <jats:italic>g</jats:italic> <jats:sub>m</jats:sub> emerged as a stress‐sensitive trait in cultivated cotton, whereas <jats:italic>G. bickii</jats:italic> exhibited stress resilience, with responses incompletely explained by anatomical acclimation. Further research on <jats:italic>g</jats:italic> <jats:sub>m</jats:sub> responses to environmental stresses and on the mechanisms underpinning these responses is required to inform model development and identify traits for climate resilient crops. </jats:list-item> </jats:list>","PeriodicalId":214,"journal":{"name":"New Phytologist","volume":"248 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2026-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149140460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Control of organ size by TAS3A","authors":"Franco E. Lazzara, Matias Beltramino, Antonella Ferela, Alexis Maizel, Javier F. Palatnik","doi":"10.1111/nph.71607","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.71607","url":null,"abstract":"Summary <jats:list list-type=\"bullet\"> <jats:list-item> Plant organ size depends on the coordination of cell proliferation and expansion, a process regulated by numerous factors, including transcription factors and small RNAs. However, how different small‐RNA pathways are integrated with growth‐regulating transcriptional networks remains only partly understood. Here, we studied how the Arabidopsis <jats:italic>TRANS‐ACTING siRNA3A</jats:italic> ( <jats:italic>TAS3A</jats:italic> )‐derived <jats:italic>trans</jats:italic> ‐acting small RNA pathway controls organ size in <jats:italic>Arabidopsis thaliana</jats:italic> . </jats:list-item> <jats:list-item> We found that <jats:italic>TAS3A</jats:italic> overexpression increased leaf and floral organ size, whereas <jats:italic>tas3a</jats:italic> mutants showed reduced organ growth. We show that <jats:italic>TAS3A</jats:italic> acts by modulating AUXIN‐RESPONSE‐FACTOR2 (ARF2) activity and that plants expressing a <jats:italic>trans</jats:italic> ‐acting siRNA (tasiRNA)‐resistant <jats:italic>ARF2</jats:italic> allele showed reduced organ growth. In turn, ARF2 repressed several <jats:italic>GROWTH‐REGULATING FACTOR</jats:italic> ( <jats:italic>GRF</jats:italic> ) genes, including <jats:italic>GRF3</jats:italic> , which is a direct ARF2 target and is also controlled by microRNA miR396. Furthermore, uncoupling GRF activity from ARF2 repression was sufficient to increase floral organ size. </jats:list-item> <jats:list-item> Interestingly, whereas the <jats:italic>TAS3A‐ARF2‐GRF</jats:italic> module regulates leaf and petal growth predominantly through changes in cell proliferation, gynoecium growth involves a more complex balance between cell proliferation and elongation. </jats:list-item> <jats:list-item> Together, our results identify ARF2 as a central molecular node connecting tasiRNA‐ and miRNA‐dependent pathways and establish <jats:italic>TAS3A</jats:italic> as a key regulator of Arabidopsis aerial organ growth. </jats:list-item> </jats:list>","PeriodicalId":214,"journal":{"name":"New Phytologist","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2026-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149130411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Global distributions and environmental correlates of community leaf length and width in forests","authors":"Xucai Pu, Haoyu Zhang, Wenqi Song, Feng Jiang, Zhiheng Wang","doi":"10.1111/nph.71649","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.71649","url":null,"abstract":"Summary <jats:list list-type=\"bullet\"> <jats:list-item> Leaf length and width are key dimensions of tree leaf size and can influence leaf boundary‐layer development and leaf‐environment heat exchange. However, their global patterns and environmental correlates remain poorly understood. </jats:list-item> <jats:list-item> By integrating tree leaf traits and community data, we mapped community leaf length and width and identified their environmental correlates in global forests. </jats:list-item> <jats:list-item> Both community leaf length and width decreased toward higher latitudes, although leaf width showed an additional peak at mid‐latitudes. These asynchronous patterns contributed to geographic variation in leaf shape, with more elongated leaves in tropical and boreal forests and relatively rounder leaves in temperate forests. Soil variables and mean annual temperature were the main correlates of leaf length, whereas leaf width was mainly associated with temperature. </jats:list-item> <jats:list-item> Our results reveal distinct environmental correlates of community leaf length and width, highlight the value of multiple leaf dimensions for predicting forest distributions and function, and identify tropical regions where additional trait data are needed to reduce uncertainty. </jats:list-item> </jats:list>","PeriodicalId":214,"journal":{"name":"New Phytologist","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2026-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149130425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cell wall integrity and elicitor peptide signaling modulate jasmonic acid‐mediated camalexin production in Arabidopsis","authors":"Richard Noi Morton, Lian Fleischberger, Joy Debnath, David Biermann, Susanne Mühlbauer, Ahalya Rajendran, Hans‐Henning Kunz, Julien Gronnier, Nora Gigli Bisceglia, Timo Engelsdorf","doi":"10.1111/nph.71654","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.71654","url":null,"abstract":"Summary <jats:list list-type=\"bullet\"> <jats:list-item> Plant cell walls constitute dynamic barriers that are essential for defense against pathogens. Beyond a structural role in blocking pathogen infection, innate mechanisms monitor cell wall integrity (CWI) in <jats:italic>Arabidopsis thaliana</jats:italic> and trigger local responses where integrity is impaired. Here, we show that THESEUS1 (THE1)‐dependent CWI signaling induces accumulation of the antimicrobial metabolite camalexin upon cell wall damage (CWD) caused by isoxaben (ISX)‐induced cellulose biosynthesis inhibition or infection with the phytopathogenic fungus <jats:italic>Colletotrichum higginsianum</jats:italic> . </jats:list-item> <jats:list-item> CWD caused by ISX alters THE1 plasma membrane nanodomain organization and involves calcium signaling components that modulate camalexin production. Induction of camalexin requires jasmonic acid (JA) signaling and JA‐dependent expression of the transcription factor MYB47. </jats:list-item> <jats:list-item> In line with its antagonistic function on CWI signaling, the plant elicitor peptide Pep3 suppresses camalexin biosynthesis downstream of THE1 by inhibiting JA‐dependent pathways. </jats:list-item> <jats:list-item> Our findings reveal a regulatory network where CWI and Pep3 signaling modulate antimicrobial defense via JA‐mediated camalexin production. This network requires input from independent CWD‐induced pathways, providing insights into how plants balance distinct defense processes in response to cell wall stress. </jats:list-item> </jats:list>","PeriodicalId":214,"journal":{"name":"New Phytologist","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2026-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149130427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Humidity‐driven shape morphing enhances fog harvesting in porous cactus spines","authors":"Jessica C. Huss, Finn Box, Qun Zhang, Martin A. Grömmer, Sebastian J. Antreich, Tofayel Ahammad Ovee, Jean‐François Louf, Jürg Schönenberger, David G. Williams, Notburga Gierlinger, Mingchao Liu, Kevin R. Hultine","doi":"10.1111/nph.71648","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.71648","url":null,"abstract":"Summary <jats:list list-type=\"bullet\"> <jats:list-item> Cacti develop spines instead of conventional leaves, which often serve as mechanical defence against herbivores. However, some cactus species grow porous and flexible spines, suggesting fundamentally different functions. Here we demonstrate that the porous spines of <jats:italic>Turbinicarpus alonsoi</jats:italic> , a cactus native to central Mexico, function as hygro‐morphing fog harvesters. </jats:list-item> <jats:list-item> Using experiments, we show that the spines are highly hygroscopic and straighten when exposed to fog, leading to increased fog‐water collection rates. Numerical simulations confirm that straightening is driven by swelling‐induced pressure in the cell walls of the spines. </jats:list-item> <jats:list-item> Swelling results from capillary imbibition of fog water and predominantly generates expansion in the transverse plane, which causes the pre‐curved spines to straighten. Despite their porosity and hygroscopicity, the spines prevent direct absorption of fog water into the living cortex due to the presence of a suberin‐rich tissue layer that instead promotes surface runoff towards the roots. </jats:list-item> <jats:list-item> Our work suggests that hygro‐morphing emerges from distinct structural, biochemical and geometric adaptations of cactus spines and enables a fine modulation of the flow dynamics on the spine surface. The increasing plant water supply from fog by shape morphing provides a potential advantage for survival in a hot, semi‐arid region with frequent fog formation. </jats:list-item> </jats:list>","PeriodicalId":214,"journal":{"name":"New Phytologist","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2026-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149130426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Luísa Jabbur","authors":"","doi":"10.1111/nph.71635","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.71635","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":214,"journal":{"name":"New Phytologist","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2026-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149092742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}