New Phytologist最新文献

{"title":"Strong nestedness and turnover effects on stand productivity in a long-term forest biodiversity experiment.","authors":"Lan Zhang,Bernhard Schmid,Franca J Bongers,Shan Li,Goddert von Oheimb,Keping Ma,Xiaojuan Liu","doi":"10.1111/nph.20210","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.20210","url":null,"abstract":"Multispecies planting is an important approach to deliver ecosystem functions in afforestation projects. However, the importance of species richness vs specific species composition in this context remains unresolved. To estimate species or functional group richness and compositional change between two communities, we calculated nestedness, where one community contains a subset of the species of another, and turnover, where two communities differ in species composition but not in species richness. We evaluated the effects of species/functional group nestedness and turnover on stand productivity using 315 mixed plots from a pool of 40 tree species in a large forest biodiversity experiment in subtropical China. We found that the greater the differences in species or functional group nestedness and turnover, the greater the differences in stand productivity between plots. Additionally, the strong effects of both nestedness and turnover on stand productivity developed over the 11-yr observation period. Our results indicate that selection of specific tree species is as important as planting a large number of species to support the productivity function of forests. Furthermore, the selection of specific tree species should be based on functionality, because beneficial effects of functional group composition were stronger than those of species composition.","PeriodicalId":214,"journal":{"name":"New Phytologist","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142488221","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Repeated shifts out of tropical climates preceded by whole genome duplication.","authors":"Tom Carruthers,Deise J P Gonçalves,Pan Li,Andre S Chanderbali,Christopher W Dick,Peter W Fritsch,Drew A Larson,Douglas E Soltis,Pamela S Soltis,William N Weaver,Stephen A Smith","doi":"10.1111/nph.20200","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.20200","url":null,"abstract":"While flowering plants have diversified in virtually every terrestrial clime, climate constrains the distribution of individual lineages. Overcoming climatic constraints may be associated with diverse evolutionary phenomena including whole genome duplication (WGD), gene-tree conflict, and life-history changes. Climatic shifts may also have facilitated increases in flowering plant diversification rates. We investigate climatic shifts in the flowering plant order Ericales, which consists of c. 14 000 species with diverse climatic tolerances. We estimate phylogenetic trees from transcriptomic data, 64 chloroplast loci, and Angiosperms353 nuclear loci that, respectively, incorporate 147, 4508, and 2870 Ericales species. We use these phylogenetic trees to analyse how climatic shifts are associated with WGD, gene-tree conflict, life-history, and diversification rates. Early branches in the phylogenetic trees are extremely short, and have high levels of gene-tree conflict and at least one WGD. On lineages descended from these early branches, there is a significant association between climatic shifts (primarily out of tropical climates), further WGDs, and life-history. Extremely short early branches, and their associated gene-tree conflict and WGDs, appear to underpin the explosive origin of numerous species rich Ericales clades. The evolution of diverse climatic tolerances in these species rich clades is tightly associated with WGD and life-history.","PeriodicalId":214,"journal":{"name":"New Phytologist","volume":"235 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142488223","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Empirical evidence and theoretical understanding of ecosystem carbon and nitrogen cycle interactions","authors":"Benjamin D. Stocker, Ning Dong, Evan A. Perkowski, Pascal D. Schneider, Huiying Xu, Hugo J. de Boer, Karin T. Rebel, Nicholas G. Smith, Kevin Van Sundert, Han Wang, Sarah E. Jones, I. Colin Prentice, Sandy P. Harrison","doi":"10.1111/nph.20178","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.20178","url":null,"abstract":"Interactions between carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) cycles in terrestrial ecosystems are simulated in advanced vegetation models, yet methodologies vary widely, leading to divergent simulations of past land C balance trends. This underscores the need to reassess our understanding of ecosystem processes, given recent theoretical advancements and empirical data. We review current knowledge, emphasising evidence from experiments and trait data compilations for vegetation responses to CO₂ and N input, alongside theoretical and ecological principles for modelling. N fertilisation increases leaf N content but inconsistently enhances leaf-level photosynthetic capacity. Whole-plant responses include increased leaf area and biomass, with reduced root allocation and increased aboveground biomass. Elevated atmospheric CO₂ also boosts leaf area and biomass but intensifies belowground allocation, depleting soil N and likely reducing N losses. Global leaf traits data confirm these findings, indicating that soil N availability influences leaf N content more than photosynthetic capacity. A demonstration model based on the functional balance hypothesis accurately predicts responses to N and CO₂ fertilisation on tissue allocation, growth and biomass, offering a path to reduce uncertainty in global C cycle projections.","PeriodicalId":214,"journal":{"name":"New Phytologist","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142489004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Herbarium specimens reveal a cryptic invasion of polyploid Centaurea stoebe in Europe.","authors":"Christoph Rosche,Olivier Broennimann,Andriy Novikov,Viera Mrázová,Ganna V Boiko,Jiří Danihelka,Michael T Gastner,Antoine Guisan,Kevin Kožić,Marcus Lehnert,Heinz Müller-Schärer,Dávid U Nagy,Ruben Remelgado,Michał Ronikier,Julian A Selke,Natalia M Shiyan,Tomasz Suchan,Arpad E Thoma,Pavel Zdvořák,Patrik Mráz","doi":"10.1111/nph.20212","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.20212","url":null,"abstract":"Numerous plant species are expanding their native ranges due to anthropogenic environmental change. Because cytotypes of polyploid complexes often show similar morphologies, there may be unnoticed range expansions (i.e. cryptic invasions) of one cytotype into regions where only the other cytotype is native. We critically revised herbarium specimens of diploid and tetraploid Centaurea stoebe, collected across Europe between 1790 and 2023. Based on their distribution in natural and relict habitats and phylogeographic data, we estimated the native ranges of both cytotypes. Diploids are native across their entire European range, whereas tetraploids are native only to South-Eastern Europe and have recently expanded their range toward Central Europe. The proportion of tetraploids has exponentially increased over time in their expanded but not in their native range. This cryptic invasion predominantly occurred in ruderal habitats and enlarged the climatic niche of tetraploids toward a more oceanic climate. We conclude that spatio-temporally explicit assessments of range shifts, habitat preferences and niche evolution can improve our understanding of cryptic invasions. We also emphasize the value of herbarium specimens for accurate estimation of species´ native ranges, with fundamental implications for the design of research studies and the assessment of biodiversity trends.","PeriodicalId":214,"journal":{"name":"New Phytologist","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142488222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nonphototrophic hypocotyl 3 domain proteins: traffic directors, hitchhikers, or both?","authors":"Paul E. Verslues, Neha Upadhyay‐Tiwari","doi":"10.1111/nph.20211","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.20211","url":null,"abstract":"SummaryThe nonphototrophic hypocotyl 3 (NPH3) domain is plant specific and of unknown function. It is nearly always attached to an N‐terminal BTB domain and a largely unstructured C‐terminal region. Recent reports revealed NPH3‐domain GTPase activity and connection to intracellular trafficking, condensate formation, membrane attachment of the C‐terminal region for some NPH3‐domain proteins and, at the physiological level, drought‐related function for at least one NPH3‐domain protein. We integrate these new ideas of NPH3‐domain protein function into two, nonexclusive, working models: the ‘traffic director’ model, whereby NPH3‐domain proteins regulate intracellular trafficking and, the ‘hitchhiker’ model whereby NPH3‐domain proteins ride the trafficking system to find ubiquitination targets. Determining which model best applies to uncharacterized NPH3‐domain proteins will contribute to understanding intracellular trafficking and environmental responses.","PeriodicalId":214,"journal":{"name":"New Phytologist","volume":"62 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142449558","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relieving the transfusion tissue traffic jam: a network model of radial transport in conifer needles","authors":"Melissa H. Mai, Chen Gao, Peter A. R. Bork, N. Michele Holbrook, Alexander Schulz, Tomas Bohr","doi":"10.1111/nph.20189","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.20189","url":null,"abstract":"Summary<jats:list list-type=\"bullet\"> <jats:list-item>Characteristic of all conifer needles, the transfusion tissue mediates the radial transport of water and sugar between the endodermis and axial vasculature. Physical constraints imposed by the needle's linear geometry introduce two potential extravascular bottlenecks where the opposition of sugar and water flows may frustrate sugar export: one at the vascular access point and the other at the endodermis.</jats:list-item> <jats:list-item>We developed a network model of the transfusion tissue to explore how its structure and composition affect the delivery of sugars to the axial phloem. To describe extravascular transport with cellular resolution, we construct networks from images of <jats:italic>Pinus pinea</jats:italic> needles obtained through tomographic microscopy, as well as fluorescence and electron microscopy.</jats:list-item> <jats:list-item>The transfusion tissue provides physically distinct pathways for sugar and water, reducing resistance between the vasculature and endodermis and mitigating flow constriction at the vascular flank. Dissipation of flow velocities through the transfusion tissue's branched structure allows for bidirectional transport of an inbound diffusive sugar flux against an outbound advective water flux across the endodermis.</jats:list-item> <jats:list-item>Our results clarify the structure–function relationships of the transfusion tissue under conditions free of physiological stress. The presented model framework is also applicable to different transfusion tissue morphologies in other gymnosperms.</jats:list-item> </jats:list>","PeriodicalId":214,"journal":{"name":"New Phytologist","volume":"80 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142449582","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biomolecular condensation programs floral transition to orchestrate flowering time and inflorescence architecture","authors":"Xiaozhen Huang, Yongfang Yang, Cao Xu","doi":"10.1111/nph.20204","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.20204","url":null,"abstract":"Biomolecular condensation involves the concentration of biomolecules (DNA, RNA, proteins) into compartments to form membraneless organelles or condensates with unique properties and functions. This ubiquitous phenomenon has garnered considerable attention in recent years owing to its multifaceted roles in developmental processes and responses to environmental cues in living systems. Recent studies have revealed that biomolecular condensation plays essential roles in regulating the transition of plants from vegetative to reproductive growth, a programmed process known as floral transition that determines flowering time and inflorescence architecture in flowering plants. In this Tansley insight, we review advances in how biomolecular condensation integrates developmental and environmental signals to program and reprogram the floral transition thus diversifies flowering time and inflorescence architecture.","PeriodicalId":214,"journal":{"name":"New Phytologist","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142449684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A new dimension of leaf economic spectrum: temporal instability of relationships among genotypes","authors":"Pratima Pahadi, Jay Wason, Seanna Annis, Brian McGill, Yong-Jiang Zhang","doi":"10.1111/nph.20191","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.20191","url":null,"abstract":"<p>\u0000</p><ul>\u0000<li>Leaf economic spectrum (LES) relationships have been studied across many different plant lineages and at different organizational scales. However, the temporal stability of the LES relationships is largely unknown. We used the wild blueberry system with high genotypic diversity to test whether trait–trait relationships across genotypes demonstrate the same LES relationships found in the global database (GLOPNET) and whether they are stable across years.</li>\u0000<li>We studied leaf structure, photosynthesis, and leaf nutrients for 16 genotypes of two wild blueberry species semi-naturally grown in a common farm in Maine, USA, across 4 yr.</li>\u0000<li>We found substantial variation in leaf structure, physiology, and nutrient traits within and among genotypes, as well as across years in wild blueberries. The LES trait–trait relationships (covariance structure) across genotypes were not always found in all years. The trait syndrome of wild blueberries was shifted by changing environmental conditions over the years. Additionally, traits in 1 yr cannot be used to predict those of another year.</li>\u0000<li>Our findings show that LES generally holds among genotypes but is temporally unstable, stressing the significant influence of trait plasticity in response to fluctuating environmental conditions across years, and the importance of temporal dimensions in shaping functional traits and species coexistence.</li>\u0000</ul><p></p>","PeriodicalId":214,"journal":{"name":"New Phytologist","volume":"45 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142449803","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tracking tree demography and forest dynamics at scale using remote sensing","authors":"Robin Battison, Suzanne M. Prober, Katherine Zdunic, Toby D. Jackson, Fabian Jörg Fischer, Tommaso Jucker","doi":"10.1111/nph.20199","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.20199","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;h2&gt; Introduction&lt;/h2&gt;\u0000&lt;p&gt;Forest ecosystems face growing pressure on multiple fronts, from increasingly frequent and severe droughts and heatwaves, larger and more intense wildfires and storms, novel pests and pathogens, and human-driven degradation (Senf &lt;i&gt;et al&lt;/i&gt;., &lt;span&gt;2018&lt;/span&gt;; Canadell &lt;i&gt;et al&lt;/i&gt;., &lt;span&gt;2021&lt;/span&gt;; Hammond &lt;i&gt;et al&lt;/i&gt;., &lt;span&gt;2022&lt;/span&gt;; Turner &amp; Seidl, &lt;span&gt;2023&lt;/span&gt;). Understanding how trees are responding to these novel disturbance regimes is critical if we are to forecast how forest dynamics will change over the coming century, and what implications this will have for biodiversity and carbon storage in these ecosystems (McDowell &lt;i&gt;et al&lt;/i&gt;., &lt;span&gt;2020&lt;/span&gt;; Turner &amp; Seidl, &lt;span&gt;2023&lt;/span&gt;). To achieve this, we need demographic information that allow us to infer and model changes in population dynamics at scale – data that capture how rates of tree growth, mortality and recruitment vary across both space and time (Coomes &lt;i&gt;et al&lt;/i&gt;., &lt;span&gt;2014&lt;/span&gt;; Fisher &lt;i&gt;et al&lt;/i&gt;., &lt;span&gt;2018&lt;/span&gt;; Kunstler &lt;i&gt;et al&lt;/i&gt;., &lt;span&gt;2021&lt;/span&gt;; Needham &lt;i&gt;et al&lt;/i&gt;., &lt;span&gt;2022b&lt;/span&gt;; Zuidema &amp; van der Sleen, &lt;span&gt;2022&lt;/span&gt;). Ecologists have traditionally relied on networks of permanent field plots to estimate these demographic rates (Lines &lt;i&gt;et al&lt;/i&gt;., &lt;span&gt;2010&lt;/span&gt;; Ruiz-Benito &lt;i&gt;et al&lt;/i&gt;., &lt;span&gt;2013&lt;/span&gt;; Kunstler &lt;i&gt;et al&lt;/i&gt;., &lt;span&gt;2021&lt;/span&gt;; Needham &lt;i&gt;et al&lt;/i&gt;., &lt;span&gt;2022b&lt;/span&gt;; Piponiot &lt;i&gt;et al&lt;/i&gt;., &lt;span&gt;2022&lt;/span&gt;). However, while plot networks remain the gold standard to characterise community-level dynamics, they have some inherent limitations when it comes to capturing variation in demographic rates across landscapes. Field surveys are incredibly labour-intensive, meaning that most forest plots are small (0.1–1 ha) and cumulatively only cover a tiny fraction of the total forest area (&lt; 0.01% even in best-case scenarios; Yu &lt;i&gt;et al&lt;/i&gt;., &lt;span&gt;2022&lt;/span&gt;; Holcomb &lt;i&gt;et al&lt;/i&gt;., &lt;span&gt;2023&lt;/span&gt;). This makes it challenging to understand how demographic rates vary across environmentally heterogeneous landscapes and in response to large, infrequent disturbances.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000&lt;p&gt;Remote sensing offers an intuitive solution to this challenge of tracking large numbers of trees across broad spatial scales (Stovall &lt;i&gt;et al&lt;/i&gt;., &lt;span&gt;2019&lt;/span&gt;; Brandt &lt;i&gt;et al&lt;/i&gt;., &lt;span&gt;2020&lt;/span&gt;; Ma &lt;i&gt;et al&lt;/i&gt;., &lt;span&gt;2023&lt;/span&gt;). In particular, technologies such as airborne laser scanning (ALS, or LiDAR) can be used to build highly accurate and detailed 3D models of both the forest canopy and the underlying terrain (≤ 1-m resolution) that span thousands of hectares (Jucker, &lt;span&gt;2022&lt;/span&gt;; Lines &lt;i&gt;et al&lt;/i&gt;., &lt;span&gt;2022&lt;/span&gt;). Unsurprisingly, ALS has become an integral tool for large-area mapping of forest structure and biomass, and there is now a growing interest in using repeat ALS acquisitions to quantify forest dynamics at scale (Asner &amp; Mascaro, &lt;span&gt;2014&lt;/s","PeriodicalId":214,"journal":{"name":"New Phytologist","volume":"1 3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142449685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Precipitation, solar radiation, and their interaction modify leaf hydraulic efficiency–safety trade-off across angiosperms at the global scale","authors":"Yi Jin, Qing Ye, Xiaorong Liu, Hui Liu, Sean M. Gleason, Pengcheng He, Xingyun Liang, Guilin Wu","doi":"10.1111/nph.20213","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.20213","url":null,"abstract":"<p>\u0000</p><ul>\u0000<li>In theory, there is a trade-off between hydraulic efficiency and safety. However, the strength and direction of this trade-off at the leaf level are not consistent across studies, and habitat climate may impact this trade-off.</li>\u0000<li>We compiled a leaf hydraulic efficiency and safety dataset for 362 species from 81 sites world-wide, with 280 paired observations of both traits, and tested whether climate was associated with departure from the proposed trade-off.</li>\u0000<li>The leaf hydraulic efficiency–safety trade-off was weak (<i>R</i>² = 0.144) at the global scale. Mean annual precipitation and solar radiation (SR) modified the trade-off. Species from dry and high SR habitats (e.g. desert and tropical savanna) were generally located above the trade-off line, indicating that these species tended to have higher leaf hydraulic safety and efficiency than species from wet habitats with low SR (e.g. subtropical monsoon forest and montane rainforest), which were located below the trade-off line. Leaves with high vein density, dry leaf mass per area, and osmotic regulation enhanced safety without compromising hydraulic efficiency.</li>\u0000<li>Variation in the hydraulic efficiency–safety trade-off at the leaf level likely facilitates plant survival in specific habitats and allows for a more nuanced view of leaf hydraulic adaption strategies at the global scale.</li>\u0000</ul><p></p>","PeriodicalId":214,"journal":{"name":"New Phytologist","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142449683","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}