New Phytologist最新文献

{"title":"Catechol acetylglucose: a newly identified benzoxazinoid-regulated defensive metabolite in maize","authors":"Annett Richter, Allen F. Schroeder, Caroline Marcon, Frank Hochholdinger, Georg Jander, Boaz Negin","doi":"10.1111/nph.20209","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.20209","url":null,"abstract":"<p>\u0000</p><ul>\u0000<li>An enormous diversity of specialized metabolites is produced in the plant kingdom, with each individual plant synthesizing thousands of these compounds. Previous research showed that benzoxazinoids, the most abundant class of specialized metabolites in maize, also function as signaling molecules by regulating the production callose as a defense response.</li>\u0000<li>We searched for additional benzoxazinoid-regulated specialized metabolites, characterized them, examined whether they too function in herbivore protection, and determined how <i>Spodoptera frugiperda</i> (fall armyworm), a prominent maize pest, copes with these metabolites.</li>\u0000<li>We identified catechol acetylglucose (CAG) as a benzoxazinoid-regulated metabolite that is produced from salicylic acid via catechol and catechol glucoside. Genome-wide association studies of CAG abundance identified a gene encoding a predicted acetyltransferase. Knockout of this gene resulted in maize plants that lack CAG and over-accumulate catechol glucoside. Upon tissue disruption, maize plants accumulate catechol, which inhibits <i>S. frugiperda</i> growth. Analysis of caterpillar frass showed that <i>S. frugiperda</i> detoxifies catechol by glycosylation, and the efficiency of catechol glycosylation was correlated with <i>S. frugiperda</i> growth on a catechol-containing diet.</li>\u0000<li>Thus, the success of <i>S. frugiperda</i> as an agricultural pest may depend partly on its ability to detoxify catechol, which is produced as a defensive metabolite by maize.</li>\u0000</ul><p></p>","PeriodicalId":214,"journal":{"name":"New Phytologist","volume":"209 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142448777","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"VmSpm1: a secretory protein from Valsa mali that targets apple's abscisic acid receptor MdPYL4 to suppress jasmonic acid signaling and enhance infection","authors":"Yangguang Meng, Yingzhu Xiao, Shan Zhu, Liangsheng Xu, Lili Huang","doi":"10.1111/nph.20194","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.20194","url":null,"abstract":"<p>\u0000</p><ul>\u0000<li>Pathogenic fungi such as <i>Valsa mali</i> secrete effector proteins to manipulate host defenses and facilitate infection. Subtilases are identified as potential virulence factors, yet their specific roles in fruit tree pathogens, such as those affecting apple trees, are poorly understood.</li>\u0000<li>Our research shows VmSpm1 as a virulence factor in <i>V. mali</i>. Knocking it out decreased virulence, whereas its heterologous expression in apple led to reduced disease resistance.</li>\u0000<li>Using Y2H, BiFC, SLC, and Co-IP techniques, we demonstrated an interaction between VmSpm1 and MdPYL4. MdPYL4 levels increased during <i>V. mali</i> infection. The stable transgenic apple lines inoculation experiment showed that MdPYL4 correlates with enhanced resistance to Apple Valsa canker when overexpressed in apples. Furthermore, through <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i> assays, we showed the degradative role of VmSpm1 on MdPYL4. MdPYL4 promotes the synthesis of jasmonic acid (JA) in apples in an abscisic acid-dependent manner. The degradation of MdPYL4 leads to a reduction in JA content in apples during <i>V. mali</i> infection, thereby impairing JA signal transduction and decreasing disease resistance in apple plants.</li>\u0000<li>In summary, this study reveals how <i>V. mali</i> utilizes VmSpm1 to subvert JA signaling, shedding light on fungal manipulation of plant hormones to disrupt immunity.</li>\u0000</ul><p></p>","PeriodicalId":214,"journal":{"name":"New Phytologist","volume":"44 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142444128","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Plant-to-plant defence induction in cotton is mediated by delayed release of volatiles upon herbivory","authors":"Luca Grandi, Wenfeng Ye, Mary V. Clancy, Armelle Vallat, Gaétan Glauser, Luis Abdala-Roberts, Thierry Brevault, Betty Benrey, Ted C. J. Turlings, Carlos Bustos-Segura","doi":"10.1111/nph.20202","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.20202","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;h2&gt; Introduction&lt;/h2&gt;\u0000&lt;p&gt;Plants produce a wide range of secondary metabolites that enable them to defend themselves against antagonists, such as herbivores and pathogens. These compounds can function as toxins that directly reduce herbivore survival or reproductive success (e.g. quinones, alkaloids, anthocyanins, and terpenoids), or, as in the case of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), serve as indirect defence signals (Pichersky &amp; Lewinsohn, &lt;span&gt;2011&lt;/span&gt;; Mithöfer &amp; Boland, &lt;span&gt;2012&lt;/span&gt;; Kessler &amp; Kalske, &lt;span&gt;2018&lt;/span&gt;; Pichersky &amp; Raguso, &lt;span&gt;2018&lt;/span&gt;). These VOCs can be stored and emitted constitutively (Gershenzon, &lt;span&gt;1994&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;span&gt;2000&lt;/span&gt;; Clancy &lt;i&gt;et al&lt;/i&gt;., &lt;span&gt;2016&lt;/span&gt;), or induced and synthesised &lt;i&gt;de novo&lt;/i&gt; following herbivory (Paré &amp; Tumlinson, &lt;span&gt;1997&lt;/span&gt;). Importantly, these herbivore-induced changes include shifts in the composition and relative ratios of compounds within a volatile blend released by a plant (Turlings &amp; Erb, &lt;span&gt;2018&lt;/span&gt;), which contain ecologically relevant cues of risk of attack. Herbivore-induced plant volatiles (HIPVs) may repel herbivores and attract their enemies; they can also serve as signals between different parts of an individual plant (within-plant signalling) to activate preventive systemic defences (Heil &amp; Silva Bueno, &lt;span&gt;2007&lt;/span&gt;; Meents &amp; Mithöfer, &lt;span&gt;2020&lt;/span&gt;), and may be used by neighbouring plants to prepare for future attacks (Morrell &amp; Kessler, &lt;span&gt;2017&lt;/span&gt;; Schuman, &lt;span&gt;2023&lt;/span&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;\u0000&lt;p&gt;Initial discoveries demonstrating volatile-mediated interactions between plants in response to herbivore attack (Baldwin &amp; Schultz, &lt;span&gt;1983&lt;/span&gt;; Farmer &amp; Ryan, &lt;span&gt;1990&lt;/span&gt;; Bruin &lt;i&gt;et al&lt;/i&gt;., &lt;span&gt;1992&lt;/span&gt;) were met with some scepticism but are now widely accepted as being both common and ecologically relevant (Heil &amp; Karban, &lt;span&gt;2010&lt;/span&gt;; Ninkovic &lt;i&gt;et al&lt;/i&gt;., &lt;span&gt;2019&lt;/span&gt;; Kessler &lt;i&gt;et al&lt;/i&gt;., &lt;span&gt;2023&lt;/span&gt;). Numerous studies have reported on the role of signalling between plants mediated by HIPVs (Baldwin &amp; Schultz, &lt;span&gt;1983&lt;/span&gt;; Dolch &amp; Tscharntke, &lt;span&gt;2000&lt;/span&gt;; Karban &lt;i&gt;et al&lt;/i&gt;., &lt;span&gt;2003&lt;/span&gt;; Heil &amp; Silva Bueno, &lt;span&gt;2007&lt;/span&gt;), with field studies revealing specificity in the volatile cues involved (Karban &lt;i&gt;et al&lt;/i&gt;., &lt;span&gt;2004&lt;/span&gt;; Moreira &lt;i&gt;et al&lt;/i&gt;., &lt;span&gt;2016&lt;/span&gt;; Kalske &lt;i&gt;et al&lt;/i&gt;., &lt;span&gt;2019&lt;/span&gt;). Herbivore-induced plant volatiles reported to act as potential signalling cues include jasmonates (Farmer &amp; Ryan, &lt;span&gt;1990&lt;/span&gt;), green leaf volatiles (Engelberth &amp; Engelberth, &lt;span&gt;2019&lt;/span&gt;), and aromatic compounds (Erb &lt;i&gt;et al&lt;/i&gt;., &lt;span&gt;2015&lt;/span&gt;). These HIPVs from a damaged plant can reach an undamaged neighbouring plant, which can then enter a so-called ‘primed’ state (Ton &lt;i&gt;et al&lt;/i&gt;., &lt;span&gt;2007&lt;/span&gt;; Mauch-Mani &lt;i&gt;et al&lt;/i&gt;., &lt;span&gt;2017&lt;/span&gt;). Although defences in pr","PeriodicalId":214,"journal":{"name":"New Phytologist","volume":"73 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142444126","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CHUP1 restricts chloroplast movement and effector-triggered immunity in epidermal cells","authors":"Alexander O. Nedo, Huining Liang, Jaya Sriram, Md Abdur Razzak, Jung-Youn Lee, Chandra Kambhamettu, Savithramma P. Dinesh-Kumar, Jeffrey L. Caplan","doi":"10.1111/nph.20147","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.20147","url":null,"abstract":"<p>\u0000</p><ul>\u0000<li>Chloroplast Unusual Positioning 1 (CHUP1) plays an important role in the chloroplast avoidance and accumulation responses in mesophyll cells. In epidermal cells, prior research showed silencing <i>CHUP1</i>-induced chloroplast stromules and amplified effector-triggered immunity (ETI); however, the underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown.</li>\u0000<li>CHUP1 has a dual function in anchoring chloroplasts and recruiting chloroplast-associated actin (cp-actin) filaments for blue light-induced movement. To determine which function is critical for ETI, we developed an approach to quantify chloroplast anchoring and movement in epidermal cells. Our data show that silencing <i>NbCHUP1</i> in <i>Nicotiana benthamiana</i> plants increased epidermal chloroplast de-anchoring and basal movement but did not fully disrupt blue light-induced chloroplast movement.</li>\u0000<li>Silencing <i>NbCHUP1</i> auto-activated epidermal chloroplast defense (ECD) responses including stromule formation, perinuclear chloroplast clustering, the epidermal chloroplast response (ECR), and the chloroplast reactive oxygen species (ROS), hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂). These findings show chloroplast anchoring restricts a multifaceted ECD response.</li>\u0000<li>Our results also show that the accumulated chloroplastic H₂O₂ in <i>NbCHUP1</i>-silenced plants was not required for the increased basal epidermal chloroplast movement but was essential for increased stromules and enhanced ETI. This finding indicates that chloroplast de-anchoring and H₂O₂ play separate but essential roles during ETI.</li>\u0000</ul><p></p>","PeriodicalId":214,"journal":{"name":"New Phytologist","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142444130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Environmental dependency of ectomycorrhizal fungi as soil organic matter oxidizers","authors":"Qiuyu Chen, Ilya Strashnov, Bart van Dongen, David Johnson, Filipa Cox","doi":"10.1111/nph.20205","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.20205","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;h2&gt; Introduction&lt;/h2&gt;\u0000&lt;p&gt;Forests constitute a significant reservoir of carbon (C), the majority of which is stored belowground, primarily in the form of soil organic matter (SOM) (Pan &lt;i&gt;et al&lt;/i&gt;., &lt;span&gt;2011&lt;/span&gt;; Schmidt &lt;i&gt;et al&lt;/i&gt;., &lt;span&gt;2011&lt;/span&gt;). The decomposition of SOM in forests is integral to the global cycling of C and nitrogen (N), underpinning diverse and critical forest ecosystem services such as climate regulation, biomass production and habitat provision for forest species (Deluca &amp; Boisvenue, &lt;span&gt;2012&lt;/span&gt;). Within temperate and boreal forests, evidence increasingly suggests that ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungi are involved in the decomposition of SOM (Phillips &lt;i&gt;et al&lt;/i&gt;., &lt;span&gt;2014&lt;/span&gt;; Lindahl &lt;i&gt;et al&lt;/i&gt;., &lt;span&gt;2021&lt;/span&gt;) mainly to capture and immobilize N into their tissues, which they can then exchange with their plant hosts for photosynthetically derived C (Lindahl &amp; Tunlid, &lt;span&gt;2015&lt;/span&gt;; Baldrian, &lt;span&gt;2017&lt;/span&gt;). However, our understanding of how SOM decomposition differs across ECM fungal species and environmental contexts is in its infancy. These fundamental gaps pose challenges to the refinement of strategies aimed at optimizing C sequestration within the context of climate change.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000&lt;p&gt;ECM fungi originate from multiple phylogenetic groups and their ability to decompose SOM exhibits considerable variation across evolutionary lineages (Kohler &lt;i&gt;et al&lt;/i&gt;., &lt;span&gt;2015&lt;/span&gt;; Pellitier &amp; Zak, &lt;span&gt;2018&lt;/span&gt;). For example, &lt;i&gt;Amanita muscaria&lt;/i&gt;, which evolved within a clade of brown rot saprotrophs, has undergone a genetic loss resulting in a reduced capacity for decomposing SOM (Kohler &lt;i&gt;et al&lt;/i&gt;., &lt;span&gt;2015&lt;/span&gt;). By contrast, &lt;i&gt;Hebeloma cylindrosporum&lt;/i&gt;, descended from a white-rot ancestor that used class II fungal peroxidases to oxidize SOM, has retained three manganese peroxidase genes for SOM decomposition (Kohler &lt;i&gt;et al&lt;/i&gt;., &lt;span&gt;2015&lt;/span&gt;). Furthermore, the genome of &lt;i&gt;Cortinarius glaucopus&lt;/i&gt; contains 11 peroxidases, a number comparable to that observed in numerous white-rot wood decomposers, underscoring their likely significant contribution to the decomposition of SOM within forest ecosystems (Bödeker &lt;i&gt;et al&lt;/i&gt;., &lt;span&gt;2009&lt;/span&gt;; Miyauchi &lt;i&gt;et al&lt;/i&gt;., &lt;span&gt;2020&lt;/span&gt;). Given the inherent functional heterogeneity of ECM fungi, shifts in their community composition are likely to drive distinct and profound effects on C and N cycling within forest ecosystems (Sterkenburg &lt;i&gt;et al&lt;/i&gt;., &lt;span&gt;2018&lt;/span&gt;; Lindahl &lt;i&gt;et al&lt;/i&gt;., &lt;span&gt;2021&lt;/span&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;\u0000&lt;p&gt;An important driver of ECM fungal community composition is the availability of inorganic N (Zak &lt;i&gt;et al&lt;/i&gt;., &lt;span&gt;2019&lt;/span&gt;), which can also act as a regulator of ECM-mediated SOM decomposition (Bogar &lt;i&gt;et al&lt;/i&gt;., &lt;span&gt;2021&lt;/span&gt;; Argiroff &lt;i&gt;et al&lt;/i&gt;., &lt;span&gt;2022&lt;/span&gt;). Recent findings demonstrated that ECM fungal communities thriving in environments characterized by limited inorg","PeriodicalId":214,"journal":{"name":"New Phytologist","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142444356","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trait-based ecology, trait-free ecology, and in between","authors":"Mark Westoby","doi":"10.1111/nph.20197","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.20197","url":null,"abstract":"Trait-based ecology has become a popular phrase. But all species have traits, and their contributions to ecological processes are governed by those traits. So then, is not all ecology trait-based? Actually, there do exist areas of ecology that are consciously trait-free, such as neutral theory and species abundance distributions. But much of ecology could be considered actually or potentially trait-based. A spectrum is described, from trait-free through trait-implicit and trait-explicit to trait-centric. Trait-centric ecology includes positioning ecological strategies along trait dimensions, with a view to inferring commonalities and to generalizing from species studied in more detail. Trait-explicit includes physiological and functional ecology, and areas of community ecology and ecosystem function that invoke traits. Trait-implicit topics are those where it is important that species are different, but formulations did not initially characterize the differences via traits. Subsequently, strands within these trait-implicit topics have often moved towards making use of species traits, so the boundary with trait-explicit is permeable. Trait-based ecology is productive because of the dialogue between understanding processes in detail, via traits that relate most closely, and generalizing across many species, via traits that can be compared widely. An enduring key question for trait-based ecology is which traits for which processes.","PeriodicalId":214,"journal":{"name":"New Phytologist","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142440634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Functional diversity of oxidosqualene cyclases in genus Oryza","authors":"Aimin Ma, Juncong Sun, Laibao Feng, Zheyong Xue, Wenbin Wu, Bo Song, Xingchen Xiong, Xiaoning Wang, Bin Han, Anne Osbourn, Xiaoquan Qi","doi":"10.1111/nph.20175","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.20175","url":null,"abstract":"Summary<jats:list list-type=\"bullet\"> <jats:list-item>Triterpene skeletons, catalyzing by 2,3‐oxidosqualene cyclases (OSCs), are essential for synthesis of steroids and triterpenoids. In <jats:italic>japonica</jats:italic> rice cultivars Zhonghua11, a total of 12 <jats:italic>OsOSCs</jats:italic> have been found. While the catalytic functions of OsOSC1, 3, 4, 9, and 10 remain unclear, the functions of the other OsOSCs have been well studied.</jats:list-item> <jats:list-item>In this study, we conducted a comprehensive analysis of 12 OSC genes within genus <jats:italic>Oryza</jats:italic> with the aid of 63 genomes from cultivated and wild rice. We found that OSC genes are relatively conserved within genus <jats:italic>Oryza</jats:italic> with a few exceptions. Collinearity analysis further suggested that, throughout the evolutionary history of genus <jats:italic>Oryza</jats:italic>, the OSC genes have not undergone significant rearrangements or losses.</jats:list-item> <jats:list-item>Further functional analysis of 5 uncharacterized <jats:italic>OSCs</jats:italic> revealed that OsOSC10 was a friedelin synthase, which affected the development of rice grains. Additionally, the reconstructed ancestral sequences of <jats:italic>Oryza</jats:italic> OSC3 and <jats:italic>Oryza</jats:italic> OSC9 had lupeol synthase and poaceatapetol synthase activity, respectively.</jats:list-item> <jats:list-item>The discovery of friedelin synthase in rice unlocks a new catalytic path and biological function of <jats:italic>OsOSC10</jats:italic>. The pan‐genome analysis of <jats:italic>OSCs</jats:italic> within genus <jats:italic>Oryza</jats:italic> gives insights into the evolutionary trajectory and products diversity of <jats:italic>Oryza OSCs</jats:italic>.</jats:list-item> </jats:list>","PeriodicalId":214,"journal":{"name":"New Phytologist","volume":"110 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142431220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Wood nutrients: Underexplored traits with functional and biogeochemical consequences.","authors":"James W Dalling,Manuel R Flores,Katherine D Heineman","doi":"10.1111/nph.20193","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.20193","url":null,"abstract":"Resource storage is a critical component of plant life history. While the storage of nonstructural carbohydrates in wood has been studied extensively, the multiple functions of mineral nutrient storage have received much less attention. Here, we highlight the size of wood nutrient pools, a primary determinant of whole-plant nutrient use efficiency, and a substantial fraction of ecosystem nutrient budgets, particularly tropical forests. Wood nutrient concentrations also show exceptional interspecific variation, even among co-occurring plant species, yet how they align with other plant functional traits and fit into existing trait economic spectra is unclear. We review the chemical forms and location of nutrient pools in bark and sapwood, and the evidence that nutrient remobilization from sapwood is associated with mast reproduction, seasonal leaf flush, and the capacity to resprout following damage. We also emphasize the role wood nutrients are likely to play in determining decomposition rates. Given the magnitude of wood nutrient stocks, and the importance of tissue stoichiometry to forest productivity, a key unresolved question is whether investment in wood nutrients is a relatively fixed trait, or conversely whether under global change plants will adjust nutrient allocation to wood depending on carbon gain and nutrient supply.","PeriodicalId":214,"journal":{"name":"New Phytologist","volume":"49 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142436175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Carotenoid-carbohydrate crosstalk: evidence for genetic and physiological interactions in storage tissues across crop species.","authors":"Seren S Villwock,Li Li,Jean-Luc Jannink","doi":"10.1111/nph.20196","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.20196","url":null,"abstract":"Carotenoids play essential roles in photosynthesis, photoprotection, and human health. Efforts to increase carotenoid content in several staple crops have been successful through both conventional selection and genetic engineering methods. Interestingly, in some cases, altering carotenoid content has had unexpected effects on other aspects of plant metabolism, impacting traits like sugar content, dry matter percentage, fatty acid content, stress tolerance, and phytohormone concentrations. Studies across several diverse crop species have identified negative correlations between carotenoid and starch contents, as well as positive correlations between carotenoids and soluble sugars. Collectively, these reports suggest a metabolic interaction between carotenoids and carbohydrates. We synthesize evidence pointing to four hypothesized mechanisms: (1) direct competition for precursors; (2) physical interactions in plastids; (3) influences of sugar or apocarotenoid signaling networks; and (4) nonmechanistic population or statistical sources of correlations. Though the carotenoid biosynthesis pathway is well understood, the regulation and interactions of carotenoids, especially in nonphotosynthetic tissues, remain unclear. This topic represents an underexplored interplay between primary and secondary metabolism where further research is needed.","PeriodicalId":214,"journal":{"name":"New Phytologist","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142436176","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genetic and molecular regulation of fruit development in cucumber.","authors":"Jianyu Zhao,Weiyuan Song,Xiaolan Zhang","doi":"10.1111/nph.20192","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.20192","url":null,"abstract":"Fruit development can be generally classified into a set of biologically sequential stages including fruit initiation, growth, and ripening. Cucumber, a globally important vegetable crop, displays two important features during fruit development: parthenocarpy at fruit initiation and prematurity at harvest for consumption. Therefore, fruit growth plays essential role for cucumber yield and quality formation, and has become the research hot spot in cucumber fruit development. Here, we describe recent advances in molecular mechanisms underlying fruit growth in cucumber, include key players and regulatory networks controlling fruit length variation, fruit neck elongation, and locule development. We also provide insights into future directions for scientific research and breeding strategies in cucumber.","PeriodicalId":214,"journal":{"name":"New Phytologist","volume":"78 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142436177","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}