New Phytologist最新文献

{"title":"Prezygotic barriers effectively limit hybridization in a rapid evolutionary radiation","authors":"Kathryn A. Uckele, Oscar M. Vargas, Kathleen M. Kay","doi":"10.1111/nph.20187","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.20187","url":null,"abstract":"<h2> Introduction</h2>\u0000<p>A growing body of research suggests that hybridization is more prevalent across the tree of life than previously thought, challenging traditional views of speciation as a strictly bifurcating process (Mallet <i>et al</i>., <span>2016</span>; Dagilis <i>et al</i>., <span>2022</span>). Genome-scale data have illuminated the extent to which ancient hybridization has reshaped the genomes of many extant species (Moran <i>et al</i>., <span>2021</span>), including our own (Sankararaman <i>et al</i>., <span>2016</span>), spurring interest in the evolutionary causes and consequences of hybridization.</p>\u0000<p>Hybridization is common in plants (Stebbins, <span>1969</span>; Whitney <i>et al</i>., <span>2010</span>) and has shaped genetic variation across numerous plant lineages (Arnold, <span>1997</span>). However, varying rates of hybridization among different plant clades suggest this process has played a more significant role in some lineages than others (Whitney <i>et al</i>., <span>2010</span>; Barker <i>et al</i>., <span>2016</span>). In angiosperms, hybridization frequently precedes evolutionary innovations and the origin of new lineages. Allopolyploidization, a prevalent mode of hybrid speciation in plants, is implicated in the origin of over 10% of species in a survey of 47 vascular plant genera (Barker <i>et al</i>., <span>2016</span>). By contrast, homoploid hybrid species, which arise without a change in ploidy, are thought to be rarer and require strong extrinsic barriers to occur (Buerkle <i>et al</i>., <span>2000</span>; Abbott <i>et al</i>., <span>2010</span>).</p>\u0000<p>Introgression, another common outcome of hybridization, has been the focus of recent research on adaptation and speciation in plants (Le Corre <i>et al</i>., <span>2020</span>; Todesco <i>et al</i>., <span>2020</span>; Nelson <i>et al</i>., <span>2021</span>). Introgression involves the transfer of genetic material through backcrossing, where hybrids mate with pure individuals. The extent and direction of introgression can inform our understanding of reproductive isolation and adaptation. For example, asymmetric introgression, where backcrossing favors one parental species over the other, can reflect asymmetry in reproductive isolation (Arnold <i>et al</i>., <span>2008</span>). Additionally, the proportion of the genome inherited through interspecific gene flow can shed light on the strength and genetic basis of reproductive barriers (Borge <i>et al</i>., <span>2005</span>; Currat & Excoffier, <span>2011</span>), though neutral abiotic factors and demographic and genetic processes may also influence the extent and direction of introgression (Currat <i>et al</i>., <span>2008</span>; Bertola <i>et al</i>., <span>2020</span>).</p>\u0000<p>Recent studies increasingly highlight the adaptive role of introgression in transferring beneficial alleles among species (Stankowski & Streisfeld, <span>2015</span>; Lewis <i>et al</i>., <span>2019</span>; Todesco <i>e","PeriodicalId":214,"journal":{"name":"New Phytologist","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142431688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Climate feedback from plant physiological responses to increasing atmospheric CO2 in Earth system models","authors":"Yue Li","doi":"10.1111/nph.20184","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.20184","url":null,"abstract":"SummaryPlant physiological responses to increasing atmospheric CO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> concentration (iCO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>), including enhanced photosynthesis and reduced stomatal conductance, impact regional and global climate. Here, I describe recent advances in understanding these effects through Earth system models (ESMs). Idealized simulations of a 1% annual iCO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> show that despite fertilization, CO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> physiological forcing contributes to 10% of warming and at least 30% of future precipitation decline in Amazonia. This reduces aboveground vegetation carbon storage and triggers positive carbon–climate feedback. ESM simulations indicate that reduced transpiration and increased heat stress from iCO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> could amplify meteorological drought and wildfire risks. Understanding these climate feedbacks is essential for improving carbon accounting in natural climate solutions, such as avoiding deforestation and reforestation, as iCO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> complicates assessing their climate benefits.","PeriodicalId":214,"journal":{"name":"New Phytologist","volume":"43 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142415648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Warming triggers stomatal opening by enhancement of photosynthesis and ensuing guard cell CO2 sensing, whereas higher temperatures induce a photosynthesis‐uncoupled response","authors":"Nattiwong Pankasem, Po‐Kai Hsu, Bryn N. K. Lopez, Peter J. Franks, Julian I. Schroeder","doi":"10.1111/nph.20121","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.20121","url":null,"abstract":"Summary<jats:list list-type=\"bullet\"> <jats:list-item>Plants integrate environmental stimuli to optimize photosynthesis vs water loss by controlling stomatal apertures. However, stomatal responses to temperature elevation and the underlying molecular genetic mechanisms remain less studied.</jats:list-item> <jats:list-item>We developed an approach for clamping leaf‐to‐air vapor pressure difference (VPD<jats:sub>leaf</jats:sub>) to fixed values, and recorded robust reversible warming‐induced stomatal opening in intact plants. We analyzed stomatal temperature responses of mutants impaired in guard cell signaling pathways for blue light, abscisic acid (ABA), CO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>, and the temperature‐sensitive proteins, Phytochrome B (phyB) and EARLY‐FLOWERING‐3 (ELF3).</jats:list-item> <jats:list-item>We confirmed that <jats:italic>phot1‐5/phot2‐1</jats:italic> leaves lacking blue‐light photoreceptors showed partially reduced warming‐induced stomatal opening. Furthermore, ABA‐biosynthesis, phyB, and ELF3 were not essential for the stomatal warming response. Strikingly, <jats:italic>Arabidopsis</jats:italic> (dicot) and <jats:italic>Brachypodium distachyon</jats:italic> (monocot) mutants lacking guard cell CO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> sensors and signaling mechanisms, including <jats:italic>ht1</jats:italic>, <jats:italic>mpk12/mpk4‐gc</jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>cbc1/cbc2</jats:italic> abolished the stomatal warming response, suggesting a conserved mechanism across diverse plant lineages. Moreover, warming rapidly stimulated photosynthesis, resulting in a reduction in intercellular (CO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>). Interestingly, further enhancing heat stress caused stomatal opening uncoupled from photosynthesis.</jats:list-item> <jats:list-item>We provide genetic and physiological evidence that the stomatal warming response is triggered by increased CO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> assimilation and stomatal CO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> sensing. Additionally, increasing heat stress functions via a distinct photosynthesis‐uncoupled stomatal opening pathway.</jats:list-item> </jats:list>","PeriodicalId":214,"journal":{"name":"New Phytologist","volume":"203 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142362738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The chemical language of plant–microbe–microbe associations: an introduction to a Virtual Issue","authors":"Stéphane Hacquard,&nbsp;Francis M. Martin","doi":"10.1111/nph.20124","DOIUrl":"10.1111/nph.20124","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;The chemical language between plants and microbes, also known as interspecies chemical communication, is a sophisticated system of signal exchange involving a diverse array of molecular compounds that regulate and mediate complex host–microbe interactions and drive high-level biological organization. This intricate communication network encompasses primary and specialized metabolites that underpin host–microbe nutrient exchange, host–microbe assembly processes, or plant–soil feedbacks that ultimately explain host–microbiota associations, as well as plant health and disease states. Some of these metabolites (such as phytohormones, specialized metabolites, volatile organic compounds, and peptides) can act as signaling molecules, which plants and microbes produce, perceive, and respond to, thereby facilitating symbiotic relationships, pathogen defense, and environmental adaptation. Co-evolution between plants and microbiota members, as well as between microbiota members that show stable associations with plants over evolutionary time, is a critical aspect of their chemical communication strategies, where co-adapted organisms undergo reciprocal evolutionary changes selecting or counter-selecting for specific associations. This dynamic process is expected to shape both host and microbial genomes, behaviors, and ecological roles, leading to interdependent and sometimes highly specialized relationships explaining the diversity, specificity, and stability of plant–microbiota interactions. This dynamic and complex chemical dialogue is also predicted to be modulated by environmental factors and specific biological contexts, reflecting eco-evolutionary adaptations that ultimately influence ecosystem functions and stability.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;In this Virtual Issue, we aim to showcase &lt;i&gt;New Phytologist&lt;/i&gt;'s commitment to plant microbiome research by highlighting recent articles and reviews that aim to unravel the chemical language of plant–microbe–microbe associations. Experts in this field explore open questions and future research lines, including: &lt;i&gt;How do plant exudates shape the phylogenetic diversity and physiology of plant microbiota? Which host or microbial metabolites shape microbiota establishment or drive host-specific signatures in microbiota assemblies across plant species? Which microbial and host metabolites/antimicrobials protect against pests and pathogens and how can they be used to promote plant health in agriculture? Are specialized plant metabolites involved in more complex feedback loops with microbiota members that drive host phenotypes and/or stress adaptation? What are the current open questions, research needs and priorities?&lt;/i&gt; This Virtual Issue illustrates that the chemical language between plants and microbes, as well as among microbes, is not only critical for understanding high-level biological organization and beneficial plant–microbiota associations, but also a prerequisite for advancing agricultural sustainability and innovation ","PeriodicalId":214,"journal":{"name":"New Phytologist","volume":"244 3","pages":"739-742"},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/nph.20124","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142367118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"What determines transfer of carbon from plants to mycorrhizal fungi?","authors":"Rebecca A. Bunn,&nbsp;Ana Corrêa,&nbsp;Jaya Joshi,&nbsp;Christina Kaiser,&nbsp;Ylva Lekberg,&nbsp;Cindy E. Prescott,&nbsp;Anna Sala,&nbsp;Justine Karst","doi":"10.1111/nph.20145","DOIUrl":"10.1111/nph.20145","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Biological Market Models are common evolutionary frameworks to understand the maintenance of mutualism in mycorrhizas. ‘Surplus C’ hypotheses provide an alternative framework where stoichiometry and source–sink dynamics govern mycorrhizal function. A critical difference between these frameworks is whether carbon transfer from plants is regulated by nutrient transfer from fungi or through source–sink dynamics. In this review, we: provide a historical perspective; summarize studies that asked whether plants transfer more carbon to fungi that transfer more nutrients; conduct a meta-analysis to assess whether mycorrhizal plant growth suppressions are related to carbon transfer; and review literature on cellular mechanisms for carbon transfer. In sum, current knowledge does not indicate that carbon transfer from plants is directly regulated by nutrient delivery from fungi. Further, mycorrhizal plant growth responses were linked to nutrient uptake rather than carbon transfer. These findings are more consistent with ‘Surplus C’ hypotheses than Biological Market Models. However, we also identify research gaps, and future research may uncover a mechanism directly linking carbon and nutrient transfer. Until then, we urge caution when applying economic terminology to describe mycorrhizas. We present a synthesis of ideas, consider knowledge gaps, and suggest experiments to advance the field.</p>","PeriodicalId":214,"journal":{"name":"New Phytologist","volume":"244 4","pages":"1199-1215"},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/nph.20145","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142330527","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Do invasive plant species profit from pollution with synthetic organic chemicals?","authors":"Yudi M. Lozano, Matthias C. Rillig","doi":"10.1111/nph.20155","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.20155","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":214,"journal":{"name":"New Phytologist","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142329013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Viroid and viroid-like elements in plants and plant-associated microbiota: a new layer of biodiversity for plant holobionts","authors":"Beatriz Navarro,&nbsp;Massimo Turina","doi":"10.1111/nph.20156","DOIUrl":"10.1111/nph.20156","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The functional relevance of plant-associated microorganisms is theoretically framed within the holobiont concept. The role of viruses in plant holobionts is being recognized both for their direct effects when hosted in plants (cryptic plant viruses) and for their indirect effects when infecting microorganisms associated with plants in tripartite interactions (e.g. mycoviruses and bacteriophages). We argue that viroids, the smallest infectious agents typically infecting only plant hosts, must also be included in plant holobiont studies. The same applies to the recently discovered large number of viroid-like elements infecting hosts of other life kingdoms that are closely associated with plants. Here we also describe in depth the diversity of such viroid-like elements and their initial functional characterization in plant-associated fungi.</p>","PeriodicalId":214,"journal":{"name":"New Phytologist","volume":"244 4","pages":"1216-1222"},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/nph.20156","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142329016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bridging the gap: unravelling plant centromeres in the telomere-to-telomere era","authors":"Matthew Naish","doi":"10.1111/nph.20149","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.20149","url":null,"abstract":"Centromeres are specific regions of the chromosomes that play a pivotal role in the segregation of chromosomes, by facilitating the loading of the kinetochore, which forms the link between the chromosomes to the spindle fibres during cell division. In plants and animals, these regions often form megabase-scale loci of tandemly repeated DNA sequences, which have presented a challenge to genomic studies even in model species. The functional designation of centromeres is determined epigenetically by the incorporation of a centromere-specific variant of histone H3. Recent developments in long-read sequencing technology have allowed the assembly of these regions for the first time and have prompted a reassessment of fidelity of centromere function and the evolutionary dynamics of these regions.","PeriodicalId":214,"journal":{"name":"New Phytologist","volume":"57 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142325783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The power of independent generations in plants","authors":"Michael Kessler, Daniela Aros-Mualin","doi":"10.1111/nph.20162","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.20162","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;Ferns and lycophytes stand out among land plants for their unique life cycle, featuring two independent generations. By contrast, bryophyte sporophytes are ephemeral and rely on the gametophyte, whereas in seed plants, the gametophyte has been reduced to just a few cells and relies on the sporophyte for resources and protection from the environment. Despite these life cycle differences being well-known for over a century, most research in ferns and lycophytes is still limited to the sporophyte, leaving a significant gap in our understanding of the natural and evolutionary history of these plants, and largely ignoring the enormous research potential of comparing the two generations. Building on previous research on the distribution and physiology of various fern sporophytes, a recent paper in &lt;i&gt;New Phytologist&lt;/i&gt; (Blake-Mahmud &lt;i&gt;et al&lt;/i&gt;., &lt;span&gt;2024&lt;/span&gt;; doi: 10.1111/nph.19969) addresses this research gap by examining the stress resistance of fern gametophytes with the added layer of comparing species with different ploidy levels. The study subjected gametophytes from two triads of parental sporophyte diploids and their tetraploid offspring to various drought and heat stress conditions, hypothesizing that tetraploids would exhibit greater stress resistance. Although the results did not show as strong a trend as expected, they confirmed that tetraploids were indeed more stress resistant. Even more interestingly, species with widespread sporophytes apparently do not rely on broadly stress-tolerant gametophytes, whereas rare taxa exhibited more flexible or robust gametophyte performance. These findings reinforce the critical need to deepen our understanding of gametophyte ecology and evolution across land plants. &lt;blockquote&gt;&lt;p&gt;‘It is intriguing to consider that a single species, with identical genetic material, might employ coordinated yet contrasting evolutionary strategies across its two generations.’&lt;/p&gt;\u0000&lt;div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;\u0000&lt;/blockquote&gt;\u0000&lt;/div&gt;\u0000&lt;p&gt;Fern and lycophyte gametophytes have been historically neglected for several reasons. Their simple and cryptic anatomy, with only a few distinguishing traits at the family level and even fewer at the species level, makes field identification challenging. This difficulty has led to a scarcity of ecological studies, although recent advances in genetic identification via DNA barcoding have begun to change this trend (Nitta &amp; Chambers, &lt;span&gt;2022&lt;/span&gt;). Additionally, their small size – no more than a few centimeters in diameter – and, for some species, subterranean life style renders them less visually apparent compared with sporophytes, which can reach sizes of up to several meters. Gametophytes have long been considered the ‘weaker’ generation, perceived as less capable of coping with environmental stress, and thus frequently considered the limiting factor in population establishment and persistence. However, as Proctor (&lt;span&gt;2007&lt;/span&gt;) convincingly argued in a previous commentary in &lt;i&gt;New ","PeriodicalId":214,"journal":{"name":"New Phytologist","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142325781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An inquiry into the radial patterning of root hair cell distribution in eudicots.","authors":"Kyeonghoon Lee,Jin-Oh Hyun,Hyung-Taeg Cho","doi":"10.1111/nph.20148","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.20148","url":null,"abstract":"The root epidermis of tracheophytes consists of hair-forming cells (HCs) and nonhair cells (NCs). The HC distribution pattern is classified into three types: random (Type I), vertically alternating (Type II), and radial (Type III). Type III is found only in core eudicots and is known to be position-dependent in superrosids with HCs positioned between two underlying cortical cells. However, the evolution of Type III and the universality of its position dependency in eudicots remain unclear. We surveyed the HC distribution in basal and Type III-exhibiting core eudicots and conducted genomic analyses to get insight into whether eudicots share the same genetic network to establish Type III. Our survey revealed no canonical Type III in basal eudicots but a reverse Type III, with NCs between two cortical cells and HCs on a single cortical cell, in Papaveraceae of basal eudicots. Type III-exhibiting species from both superrosids and superasterids showed the canonical position dependency of HCs. However, some key components for Type III determination were absent in the genomes of Papaveraceae and Type III-exhibiting superasterids. Our findings identify a novel position-dependent type of HC patterning, reverse Type III, and suggest that Type III emerged independently or diversified during eudicot evolution.","PeriodicalId":214,"journal":{"name":"New Phytologist","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142328673","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}