New Phytologist最新文献

{"title":"Reduced phenological differences under nitrogen enrichment facilitate invasion by a late-growing plant.","authors":"Xiao Xu,Zhijie Zhang,Nian-Feng Wan,Ming Nie,Bo Li","doi":"10.1111/nph.70550","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.70550","url":null,"abstract":"Although invasion success is often attributed to the early phenology of the invader, many late-growing invaders also thrive in resource-enriched environments. However, the mechanism behind this paradox remains poorly understood. Here, we tested how nitrogen (N) enrichment influences competition between the late-growing invader Spartina alterniflora and the early-growing native Phragmites australis in a coastal salt marsh. Using field experiments and modern coexistence theory, we tracked changes in growth timing due to N enrichment and measured their effects on niche differences (ND) and fitness differences (FD). We found that N enrichment advanced the growth phenology of S. alterniflora but not that of P. australis, thereby reducing their temporal separation. This N-induced phenological synchrony weakened stabilizing ND and amplified the invader's fitness advantage, shifting the competitive outcome from coexistence under ambient N conditions to the strong suppression of the native plant under N enrichment. Our findings reveal a critical, yet often-overlooked mechanism: N enrichment helps late-growing invaders not only by increasing their competitiveness but also by eroding the temporal ND that buffer native communities. This highlights that such resource-driven alterations in phenological strategies are a potent determinant of invasion success under global change.","PeriodicalId":214,"journal":{"name":"New Phytologist","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145032174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Uninfected cell-specific enzymes coordinate carbon supply and nitrogen assimilation in Medicago truncatula nodules.","authors":"Tao Xie,Jinzhi Lv,Luying Wang,Hongbin Wu,Yuhui Chen,Rujin Chen,Huairong Pan","doi":"10.1111/nph.70560","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.70560","url":null,"abstract":"In legume root nodules, rhizobia invade host cells to form symbiosomes that drive atmospheric nitrogen fixation. Although the metabolic roles of infected cells (ICs) are well established, the contributions of adjacent uninfected cells (UCs) have remained largely unexplored. Here, through forward genetics methods, we identify DEBINO4, a phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC) uniquely expressed in UCs, as a pivotal regulator of carbon metabolism essential for sustaining symbiosome function and nitrogen assimilation. DEBINO4-deficient mutants display premature nodule senescence characterized by nonviable symbiosomes in the fixation zone and disrupted carbon and nitrogen metabolic profiles. The nodule-specific PEPC kinases (PPCKs), which are probably involved in DEBINO4 activation, are required to preserve symbiosome integrity, while Glutamine Synthetase 1a (GS1a), also restricted to UCs, is critical for ammonium assimilation and maintaining differentiated symbiosomes. Comprehensive analysis of metabolism-related genes further reveals that UCs execute specialized, stage-specific functions during nitrogen fixation. Collectively, our findings underscore the importance of cell-type-specific metabolic networks in orchestrating successful symbiosis and provide a framework for understanding how distinct nodule cell populations coordinate carbon and nitrogen metabolism to support efficient nitrogen fixation.","PeriodicalId":214,"journal":{"name":"New Phytologist","volume":"51 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145008850","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trehalose 6-phosphate - a central regulator at the crossroads of sugar signalling, metabolism, and development.","authors":"Franziska Fichtner","doi":"10.1111/nph.70533","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.70533","url":null,"abstract":"In mammals, blood sugar levels are tightly controlled by two hormones: insulin and glucagon. In flowering plants, a comparable regulatory mechanism exists, mediated by the sugar-signalling molecule trehalose 6-phosphate (Tre6P). Similar to insulin, Tre6P functions as a signal and negative feedback regulator of sucrose, the main transport sugar in vascular plants. In the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana and likely all other angiosperms, Tre6P is predominantly synthesized in the vasculature, an ideal position to integrate systemic sugar status with whole-plant developmental decision-making. Genes encoding components of Tre6P dephosphorylation and signalling show broader expression patterns suggesting movement and signalling of Tre6P outside the vasculature to coordinate plant metabolism and development.","PeriodicalId":214,"journal":{"name":"New Phytologist","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145018154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role of ectomycorrhizal functional diversity in mediating soil carbon cycling under global change.","authors":"Christina Kaiser,Mark A Anthony","doi":"10.1111/nph.70559","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.70559","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":214,"journal":{"name":"New Phytologist","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145008853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Standardization of VPS13 proteins description in Viridiplantae to facilitate their characterization","authors":"Sébastien Leterme, Morgane Michaud","doi":"10.1111/nph.70558","DOIUrl":"10.1111/nph.70558","url":null,"abstract":"<p>VPS13s are well characterized proteins in yeast and mammals playing multifaceted roles in organelle biogenesis and functions (Reinisch <i>et al</i>., <span>2025</span>). They localize at multiple organelles and membrane contact sites (Hanna <i>et al</i>., <span>2023</span>; Reinisch <i>et al</i>., <span>2025</span>). A large set of physiological, biochemical and structural data showed that VPS13 proteins are able to transfer lipids between membranes by a non-vesicular lipid pathway (Leonzino <i>et al</i>., <span>2021</span>; Melia & Reinisch, <span>2022</span>; Reinisch <i>et al</i>., <span>2025</span>). In plants, the characterization of VPS13 proteins is still in its infancy. In the model plant <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i>, a VPS13 protein initially called Shrubby (SHBR, At5g24740) was shown to play a role in root growth and radial patterning and to be important for plant reproduction (Koizumi & Gallagher, <span>2013</span>). Another role in apomixis was identified for a VPS13 protein in <i>Taraxacum</i> (Dandelion) (Van Dijk <i>et al</i>., <span>2020</span>). In 2022, T. Levine performed an extensive <i>in silico</i> analysis of VPS13 gene numbers and domain organization in multiple organisms including <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i>, showing the general conservation of VPS13 protein organization in plants and highlighting their peculiarities (refer to subsequent text for details) (Levine, <span>2022</span>). More recently, our group performed an extensive domain analysis and structural predictions of VPS13 proteins in Viridiplantae as well as a phylogenetic analysis to understand the evolution of this protein family in this clade (Leterme <i>et al</i>., <span>2023</span>). In their work published recently in <i>New Phytologist</i>, Tangpranomkorn <i>et al</i>. undertook the functional characterization of another member of the VPS13 family (At1g48090) and showed a role in pollen germination and pollen tube elongation (Tangpranomkorn <i>et al</i>., <span>2025</span>).</p><p>The work performed by Tangpranomkorn <i>et al</i>. significantly contributes to our understanding of the localization and function of VPS13 proteins in plants. However, we would like to clarify some statements made by the authors, particularly regarding the name, gene number, domain organization and phylogeny of the VPS13 proteins in plants (related to fig. 2 in Tangpranomkorn <i>et al</i>., <span>2025</span>). In 2022, T. Levine clearly demonstrated that the <i>A. thaliana</i> genome encodes four distinct VPS13 proteins (Levine, <span>2022</span>), and not three as stated by the authors. The different paralogs were renamed AtVPS13S (At5g24740), AtVPS13M1 (At4g17140), AtVPS13M2 (At1g48090) and AtVPS13X (At3g50380), the last one being a non-canonical VPS13 (Levine, <span>2022</span>). The sequence and structural divergence of AtVPS13X compared to the other <i>A. thaliana</i> VPS13 proteins made its identification difficult by classical BLAST or PSI-BLAST searches and ev","PeriodicalId":214,"journal":{"name":"New Phytologist","volume":"248 3","pages":"1123-1125"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://nph.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/nph.70558","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145008855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mutualism, herbivory, and invasive ants as seasonally dependent drivers of root surface area in a foundational savanna ant-plant.","authors":"Patrick D Milligan,Justin Rossiter,Alina Zare,Todd M Palmer,John Lemboi,Gabriella M Mizell,John Mosiany,Corinna Riginos,Jacob R Goheen,Elizabeth G Pringle","doi":"10.1111/nph.70553","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.70553","url":null,"abstract":"Many plants are defended from herbivory by costly insect mutualists. Understanding positive associations between plants and mutualists requires a whole-plant perspective including roots. We hypothesized that root surface area increases with mutualist activity (to a saturation threshold) and recent rainfall but that this relationship shifts when herbivores are excluded. We also hypothesized that invasive ants limit root surface area and that mutualism breakdown driven by invaders blunts root responses to rainfall and herbivore exclusion. Using minirhizotrons (est. 2021), we surveyed root surface area of ant-acacias during a dry (2022) and then a wet (2023) season. Study plots either excluded or permitted vertebrate browsers, within a natural experiment comparing mutualist-defended ant-acacias to those invaded by a mutualism-disrupting ant. Root area increased with mutualist activity to a threshold, but this positive association was less apparent during rainy periods. Megabrowser exclusion increased overall root area but reduced the threshold for a positive association with mutualist activity and reduced the steepness of the root area-rainfall correlation. Ant-invaded acacias had smaller root areas that correlated less steeply with rainfall. Positive associations between insect defense and root area were thus contingent on rainfall, herbivory, and biotic invasion, drivers that are shifting under global change.","PeriodicalId":214,"journal":{"name":"New Phytologist","volume":"65 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145008851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Decay stages of Jurassic wood debris from Scotland: evidence for the coevolution of fungal rot, arthropods and the nurse log strategy","authors":"Ana Julia Sagasti,&nbsp;Sophie Burne,&nbsp;Jeremy Wyman,&nbsp;Alexander J. Hetherington","doi":"10.1111/nph.70515","DOIUrl":"10.1111/nph.70515","url":null,"abstract":"<p>\u0000 </p>","PeriodicalId":214,"journal":{"name":"New Phytologist","volume":"248 3","pages":"1557-1571"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://nph.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/nph.70515","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145008852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The genetic architecture and spatiotemporal dynamics of adaptation across human-modified landscapes.","authors":"Julia M Kreiner","doi":"10.1111/nph.70520","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.70520","url":null,"abstract":"Understanding the rate and nature of adaptation is crucial for managing biodiversity across our changing landscapes. This perspective synthesizes insights from resistance evolution - a case of rapid, repeated adaptation to extreme human-mediated selection - to reveal how adaptive genetic architectures determine and feedback with evolutionary dynamics. Recent population genomic and quantitative genetic approaches have demonstrated that the extent of genetic parallelism and reliance on de novo vs standing genetic variation can vary with the complexity of genetic architectures. However, we are only starting to understand how spatial and temporal heterogeneity influence the importance of alternative genetic architectures within and among populations, and the pace of adaptation across scales. I outline how the integration of landscape-scale population genomics with high-resolution genomic time series has the potential to transform our understanding of these phenomena. With careful consideration of their limitations, spatiotemporal approaches should prove powerful for reconstructing and predicting the adaptive dynamics of populations across increasingly variable geographic landscapes - from pesticide resistance to climate adaptation.","PeriodicalId":214,"journal":{"name":"New Phytologist","volume":"43 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145008854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental deepening of the winter snowpack reduces fine root standing crop at treelines in northwest Alaska.","authors":"Christina R Minions,Roger W Ruess,Michael N Weintraub,Patrick F Sullivan","doi":"10.1111/nph.70554","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.70554","url":null,"abstract":"Snow is an important insulator of Arctic soils during winter and may be a source of soil moisture in summer. Changes in snow depth are likely to affect fine root growth and mortality via changes in soil temperature, moisture, and/or nutrient availability, which could alter aboveground growth and reproduction of Arctic vegetation. We explored fine root dynamics at three contrasting treelines in northwest Alaska. We used snowfences to increase snow depth relative to control and minirhizotrons to estimate fine root growth, standing crop, and overwinter loss. Experimental deepening of snowpacks led to warmer winter soils but did not affect growing season soil moisture. Deeper snow reduced fine root standing crop with no significant effects on overwinter fine root loss. Warmer soils in late winter were associated with warmer soils in early and mid-summer. Warmer early summer soils may have promoted early root growth. However, warmer July soils were associated with reduced fine root growth and smaller standing crops. We hypothesize that deeper snow improves plant access to soil nutrients, resulting in reduced investment in fine roots, potentially leaving additional resources to support aboveground growth and reproduction. Our results suggest one mechanism by which deeper snow could promote northern treeline advance.","PeriodicalId":214,"journal":{"name":"New Phytologist","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145008856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tree ring 14C and 13C content reveal reliance on fast cycling carbon for pine growth in semiarid montane forests.","authors":"Steven A Kannenberg,William E Wright,James R Ehleringer,Russell K Monson","doi":"10.1111/nph.70539","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.70539","url":null,"abstract":"Trees harbor large stores of nonstructural carbohydrates, some of which are quite old (> 10 yr), yet we know little of how these older stores may be used for woody growth. Crucially, the use of old carbohydrates during cellulose biosynthesis could confound climate reconstructions that rely on tree ring stable isotope ratios. We analyzed tree-ring cellulose Δ14C and δ13C in earlywood of two pine species from montane forests in western North America using tree rings produced during the radiocarbon bomb pulse (1966-1980). Comparison of the Δ14C from ponderosa pine in Utah with estimates of atmospheric 14CO2 showed that the cellulose Δ14C values can be explained using only carbon fixed in the same growing season as ring construction. In the more arid Arizona pine, the cellulose Δ14C values indicate that up to 50% of the carbon used in tree-ring construction can be from photosynthate assimilated the year before ring construction. Correlations between cellulose δ13C time series and aridity indices validated the results obtained from Δ14C values. The results reveal that in some semiarid coniferous forests, tree-ring isotope composition could partially reflect the climate from at least one previous growing season, but that carbon sources older than 2 yr are likely seldom used.","PeriodicalId":214,"journal":{"name":"New Phytologist","volume":"115 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145008857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}