New Phytologist最新文献

{"title":"Aboveground whole-plant live imaging method for nitric oxide (NO) reveals an intricate relationship between NO and H2O2","authors":"Devasantosh Mohanty, María Ángeles Peláez-Vico, Ronald J. Myers, María Inmaculada Sánchez-Vicente, Oscar Lorenzo, Ron Mittler","doi":"10.1111/nph.70094","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.70094","url":null,"abstract":"<p>\u0000</p><ul>\u0000<li>Nitric oxide (NO) is a key regulator of plant development, growth, and responses to the environment. Together with hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂), NO modifies the structure and function of proteins, controlling redox signaling. Although NO has been studied extensively at the cellular and subcellular levels, very little is known about changes in NO content at the whole-plant level.</li>\u0000<li>Here, we report on the development of an aboveground whole-plant live imaging method for NO. Using mutants with altered NO levels, as well as an NO donor/scavenger, we demonstrate the specificity of the detection method for NO.</li>\u0000<li><i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i> plants were found to produce a basal level of NO under control conditions. NO levels accumulated enzymatically in plants following heat stress applied to the entire plant, as well as in a systemic manner following different locally applied stimuli. Similar or opposing accumulation patterns were also found for NO and H₂O₂ during the response of plants to different stimuli.</li>\u0000<li>Our findings reveal that NO accumulates during the systemic response of plants to a local stimulus. In addition, they shed new light on the intricate relationships between NO and H₂O₂. The new method reported opens the way for multiple future studies of NO's role in plant biology.</li>\u0000</ul><p></p>","PeriodicalId":214,"journal":{"name":"New Phytologist","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143703477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spray-induced gene silencing of three G-protein signaling genes from the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Rhizophagus irregularis inhibits spore germination and hyphopodium formation","authors":"Xiaoning Fan, Xiaoqin Zhou, Junliang He, Hongyun Xie, Nianwu Tang, Ming Tang, Xianan Xie","doi":"10.1111/nph.70091","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.70091","url":null,"abstract":"<p>\u0000</p><ul>\u0000<li>About 70% of land plants form symbioses with arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi. Some plant genes important for accommodating AM fungi within roots have been characterized, but AM fungal genes involved in asymbiotic growth and hyphopodium formation remain elusive due to a lack of methods for genetic manipulation.</li>\u0000<li>Here, we introduce an innovative gene silencing technology based on spraying double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) to characterize the functions of three genes encoding G-protein signaling proteins, including the regulator of G-protein signaling RiRgs3, the Gα subunit RiGpa3, and the Gβ subunit RiGpb1 from the AM fungus <i>Rhizophagus irregularis</i> at the asymbiotic and initial symbiotic stages.</li>\u0000<li><i>RiRgs3</i>, <i>RiGpa3</i>, and <i>RiGpb1</i> expression is induced in the early stages of AM symbiosis. Using spray-induced gene silencing (SIGS), we discovered that <i>R. irregularis</i> can take up dsRNA. Moreover, SIGS of <i>RiRgs3</i>, <i>RiGpa3</i>, or <i>RiGpb1</i> led to defects in spore germination and hyphopodium formation.</li>\u0000<li>In conclusion, our results reveal that SIGS is a suitable technique for the analysis of gene function in AM fungi and that G-protein signaling is required for spore germination and hyphopodium formation.</li>\u0000</ul><p></p>","PeriodicalId":214,"journal":{"name":"New Phytologist","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143703474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mountains are not like poles for symbiotic and saprotrophic soil fungi","authors":"Peter G. Kennedy, Matthew E. Smith","doi":"10.1111/nph.70084","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.70084","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;Understanding how soil fungal communities respond to environmental gradients is crucial for predicting ecosystem functions in a changing climate (Baldrian &lt;i&gt;et al&lt;/i&gt;., &lt;span&gt;2023&lt;/span&gt;). In a recent study published in &lt;i&gt;New Phytologist&lt;/i&gt;, Barbi &lt;i&gt;et al&lt;/i&gt;. (&lt;span&gt;2025&lt;/span&gt;; doi: 10.1111/nph.70012) investigate how different fungal guilds – ectomycorrhizal (ECM), saprotrophic (SAP), and root endophytic (REND) fungi – are distributed across latitudinal and elevational gradients at 17 sites throughout Europe. This work provides a much-needed perspective on whether mountains function as ‘latitudinal analogs’ for soil fungal communities and how different fungal lifestyles mediate biogeographical patterns. Their findings both confirm and challenge our prevailing understanding, particularly regarding the universality of the mid-domain effect as an explanation for fungal elevational distributions. &lt;blockquote&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;i&gt;…the findings highlight the need to move beyond simplistic models that assume uniform responses across taxonomic or functional groups&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000&lt;div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;\u0000&lt;/blockquote&gt;\u0000&lt;/div&gt;\u0000&lt;p&gt;This study employs a standardized, continent-wide sampling protocol across sites spanning from Spain and Greece, in the south, to Iceland and Norway, in the north, ensuring robust cross-site comparability. By applying various statistical models, including joint species distribution models, the researchers capture both guild-level diversity patterns and species-specific responses to both elevational and latitudinal gradients, with a specific effort toward disentangling the impacts of climate relative to other ecological variables. This rigorous approach, combined with thorough bioinformatic analyses, meets all the important benchmarks for assessing fungal community structure at large spatial scales.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000&lt;p&gt;All three fungal guilds displayed a significant trend in operational taxonomic unit (OTU) richness, but none were significant for both elevation and latitude (Fig. 1). This suggests that the responses to these two gradients are not direct analogs, despite sharing similar climatic and vegetational trends. SAP fungal richness significantly decreased with increasing elevation, while REND fungal richness significantly increased with increasing latitude. By contrast, ECM fungal richness displayed a nonlinear response, showing a significant positive unimodal relationship with elevation. Importantly, for all three guilds, there was no significant interaction between the effects of elevation and latitude on OTU richness. This finding contrasts with the idea that ‘mountain passes are higher in the tropics’ (Janzen, &lt;span&gt;1967&lt;/span&gt;); that is, high elevations at low latitudes present more significant physiological barriers to organisms than similar elevations at higher latitudes. This result does not, however, mean that climate was not an important predictor of fungal OTU richness, as multiple climate-related variables were identified as significant explanatory ","PeriodicalId":214,"journal":{"name":"New Phytologist","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143695621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Structure-guided insights into the biology of fungal effectors","authors":"Marie Le Naour--Vernet,&nbsp;Mounia Lahfa,&nbsp;Josephine H. R. Maidment,&nbsp;André Padilla,&nbsp;Christian Roumestand,&nbsp;Karine de Guillen,&nbsp;Thomas Kroj,&nbsp;Stella Césari","doi":"10.1111/nph.70075","DOIUrl":"10.1111/nph.70075","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Phytopathogenic fungi cause enormous yield losses in many crops, threatening both agricultural production and global food security. To infect plants, they secrete effectors targeting various cellular processes in the host. Putative effector genes are numerous in fungal genomes, and they generally encode proteins with no sequence homology to each other or to other known proteins or domains. Recent studies have elucidated and predicted three-dimensional structures of effectors from a wide diversity of plant pathogenic fungi, revealing a limited number of conserved folds. Effectors with very diverse amino acid sequences can thereby be grouped into families based on structural homology. Some structural families are conserved in many different fungi, and some are expanded in specific fungal taxa. Here, we describe the features of these structural families and discuss recent advances in predicting new structural families. We highlight the contribution of structural analyses to deepen our understanding of the function and evolution of fungal effectors. We also discuss prospects offered by advances in structural modeling for predicting and studying the virulence targets of fungal effectors in plants.</p>","PeriodicalId":214,"journal":{"name":"New Phytologist","volume":"246 4","pages":"1460-1477"},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/nph.70075","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143695622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"OsSPL9 promotes Cu uptake and translocation in rice grown in high‐Fe red soil","authors":"Xue Bai, ShengYang Wu, Ai‐Ning Bai, Yu‐Meng Zhang, Yan Zhang, Xue‐Feng Yao, Tao Yang, Meng‐Meng Chen, Jin‐Lei Liu, Lei Li, Yao Zhou, Chun‐Ming Liu","doi":"10.1111/nph.70074","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.70074","url":null,"abstract":"Summary<jats:list list-type=\"bullet\"> <jats:list-item>Most rice varieties are able to grow in red high‐Fe soil, but the underlying mechanism remains elusive.</jats:list-item> <jats:list-item>Through forward genetic screening, we identified a <jats:italic>red soil‐sensitive</jats:italic>‐<jats:italic>1</jats:italic> (<jats:italic>rss1</jats:italic>) mutant that exhibited severely retarded growth when grown in red soil but showed no evident phenotype in cinnamon soil.</jats:list-item> <jats:list-item>Under the red soil/high‐Fe conditions, <jats:italic>rss1</jats:italic> exhibited increased Fe but decreased copper (Cu) concentrations in both roots and shoots, and the <jats:italic>rss1</jats:italic> phenotype was partially rescued by Cu supplement. <jats:italic>RSS1</jats:italic> encodes an <jats:italic>OsSPL9</jats:italic> transcription factor that is expressed in pericycle cells and parenchyma cells surrounding xylem in roots. Under high‐Fe conditions, OsSPL9 activated expression of Cu transporters, including <jats:italic>OsYSL16</jats:italic>, <jats:italic>OsCOPT1</jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>OsCOPT5</jats:italic> by binding to their promoters, and <jats:italic>OsYSL16</jats:italic> overexpression partially rescued <jats:italic>rss1</jats:italic> defects.</jats:list-item> <jats:list-item>We thus propose that OsSPL9 overcomes high‐Fe imposed Cu deficiency by activating the expressions of Cu transporter genes, allowing rice to adapt to red soil.</jats:list-item> </jats:list>","PeriodicalId":214,"journal":{"name":"New Phytologist","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143677852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assembly mechanism of the β-carboxysome shell mediated by the chaperone CcmS","authors":"Jing Li,&nbsp;Jia-Xin Deng,&nbsp;Xin Chen,&nbsp;Bo Li,&nbsp;Bo-Rui Li,&nbsp;Zhong-Liang Zhu,&nbsp;Jiexi Liu,&nbsp;Yuxing Chen,&nbsp;Hualing Mi,&nbsp;Cong-Zhao Zhou,&nbsp;Yong-Liang Jiang","doi":"10.1111/nph.70086","DOIUrl":"10.1111/nph.70086","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>\u0000 </p><ul>\u0000 \u0000 <li>Carboxysomes are self-assembled bacterial microcompartments (BMCs) that encapsulate the enzymes RuBisCO and carbonic anhydrase into a proteinaceous shell, enhancing the efficiency of photosynthetic carbon fixation. The chaperone CcmS was reported to participate in the assembly of β-carboxysomes; however, the underlying molecular mechanism remains elusive.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>We report the crystal structure of CcmS from <i>Synechocystis</i> sp. PCC 6803, revealing a monomer of α/β fold. Moreover, its complex structures with two types of BMC hexamers, CcmK1 homohexamer and CcmK1-CcmK2 heterohexamer, reveal a same pattern of CcmS binding to the featured C-terminal segment of CcmK1.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>Upon binding to CcmS, this C-terminal segment of CcmK1 is folded into an amphipathic α-helix protruding outward that might function as a hinge to crosslink adjacent BMC-H hexamers, thereby facilitating concerted and precise assembly of the β-carboxysome shell. Deletion of the <i>ccmS</i> gene or the 8-residue C-terminal coding region of <i>ccmK1</i> resulted in the formation of aberrant and fewer carboxysomes, suppressed photosynthetic capacity in <i>Synechocystis</i> sp. PCC 6803.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>These findings enable us to propose a putative model for the chaperone-assisted assembly of β-carboxysome shell and provide clues for the design and engineering of efficient carbon fixation machinery.</li>\u0000 </ul>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":214,"journal":{"name":"New Phytologist","volume":"246 4","pages":"1676-1690"},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143678373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multiple independent MGR5 alleles contribute to a clinal pattern in leaf magnesium across the distribution of Arabidopsis thaliana","authors":"Emmanuel Tergemina,&nbsp;Shifa Ansari,&nbsp;David E. Salt,&nbsp;Angela M. Hancock","doi":"10.1111/nph.70069","DOIUrl":"10.1111/nph.70069","url":null,"abstract":"<p>\u0000 </p>","PeriodicalId":214,"journal":{"name":"New Phytologist","volume":"246 4","pages":"1861-1874"},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/nph.70069","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143678372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unlocking plant metabolic resilience: how enzyme-constrained metabolic models illuminate thermal responses","authors":"Yu Wang","doi":"10.1111/nph.70100","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.70100","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;While glasshouse-grown plants benefit from controlled environments, the majority of plants in the world are directly exposed to continuous changes in ambient temperatures. In 2024, the global surface temperature was 1.28°C above the 1951–1980 average (Bardan, &lt;span&gt;2025&lt;/span&gt;), eclipsing the previous record set in 2023 (Esper &lt;i&gt;et al&lt;/i&gt;., &lt;span&gt;2024&lt;/span&gt;). The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change reports the likelihood of a consistent trajectory of rising temperature, although projections vary in magnitude under different scenarios (Masson-Delmotte &lt;i&gt;et al&lt;/i&gt;., &lt;span&gt;2021&lt;/span&gt;). Rising temperatures along with extreme weather events will significantly challenge the survival of wild plant populations and global agricultural stability. Understanding plant metabolic responses to temperature changes at a metabolic level is critical for engineering climate-resilient plants. Recently published in &lt;i&gt;New Phytologist&lt;/i&gt;, Wendering &lt;i&gt;et al&lt;/i&gt;. (&lt;span&gt;2025&lt;/span&gt;; doi: 10.1111/nph.20420) present the first enzyme-constrained, genome-scale metabolic model of &lt;i&gt;Arabidopsis thaliana&lt;/i&gt;. By integrating temperature-dependent constraints on enzyme kinetics, protein content, and photosynthetic capacity, this model not only advances our understanding of how plant metabolism responds to thermal stress at a systemic level but also provides a valuable framework for identifying metabolic and genetic targets to enhance temperature resistance, which could apply to crops. Furthermore, such insights may also help to preserve wild plant species facing climate-driven extinction risks (Nievola &lt;i&gt;et al&lt;/i&gt;., &lt;span&gt;2017&lt;/span&gt;). &lt;blockquote&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;i&gt;By integrating thermal proteomics experimental data with a machine learning algorithm, this hybrid parameter estimation strategy resolves a critical limitation in the development of large-scale models&lt;/i&gt;…&lt;/p&gt;\u0000&lt;div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;\u0000&lt;/blockquote&gt;\u0000&lt;/div&gt;\u0000&lt;p&gt;Plants have a limited capacity to regulate their canopy temperature (Guo &lt;i&gt;et al&lt;/i&gt;., &lt;span&gt;2023&lt;/span&gt;), which means that all internal metabolic reactions are influenced by external temperature fluctuations. Research on signaling transduction, epigenetic regulation, transcriptional networks, and post-translational regulation of heat and cold stress has gained significant attention (Ohama &lt;i&gt;et al&lt;/i&gt;., &lt;span&gt;2017&lt;/span&gt;; Ding &amp; Yang, &lt;span&gt;2022&lt;/span&gt;). However, responses to temperature changes in plants are initially observed at the metabolic level, with subsequent changes in gene expression to restore homeostasis (Casal &amp; Balasubramanian, &lt;span&gt;2019&lt;/span&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;\u0000&lt;p&gt;Predicting how temperature fluctuations affect overall plant metabolism remains a challenge because the direct temperature effects on individual metabolic enzymes are often not well defined quantitatively. To overcome this challenge, the authors have developed the &lt;i&gt;ecAraCore&lt;/i&gt; model, which is an enzyme-constrained extension of the AraCore model (Arnold &amp; Nikoloski, &lt;span&gt;2014&lt;/span&gt;). The ","PeriodicalId":214,"journal":{"name":"New Phytologist","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143678374","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Soil resource acquisition strategy modulates global plant nutrient and water economics","authors":"Alissar Cheaib,&nbsp;Jeff Chieppa,&nbsp;Evan A. Perkowski,&nbsp;Nicholas G. Smith","doi":"10.1111/nph.70087","DOIUrl":"10.1111/nph.70087","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>\u0000 </p><ul>\u0000 \u0000 <li>Natural selection favors growth by selecting a combination of plant traits that maximize photosynthetic CO₂ assimilation at the lowest combined carbon costs of resource acquisition and use. We quantified how soil nutrient availability, plant nutrient acquisition strategies, and aridity modulate the variability in plant costs of nutrient acquisition relative to water acquisition (β).</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>We used an eco-evolutionary optimality framework and a global carbon isotope dataset to quantify β.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>Under low soil nitrogen-to-carbon (N : C) ratios, a mining strategy (symbioses with ectomycorrhizal and ericoid mycorrhizal fungi) reduced β by mining organic nitrogen, compared with a scavenging strategy (symbioses with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi). Conversely, under high N : C ratios, scavenging strategies reduced β by effectively scavenging soluble nitrogen, compared with mining strategies. N₂-fixing plants did not exhibit reduced β under low N : C ratios compared with non-N₂-fixing plants. Moisture increased β only in plants using a scavenging strategy, reflecting direct impacts of aridity on the carbon costs of maintaining transpiration in these plants. Nitrogen and phosphorus colimitation further modulated β.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>Our findings provide a framework for simulating the variability of plant economics due to plant nutrient acquisition strategies in earth system models.</li>\u0000 </ul>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":214,"journal":{"name":"New Phytologist","volume":"246 4","pages":"1536-1553"},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143678024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Expanding the toolkit for ploidy manipulation in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii","authors":"Antoine Van de Vloet,&nbsp;Lucas Prost-Boxoen,&nbsp;Quinten Bafort,&nbsp;Yunn Thet Paing,&nbsp;Griet Casteleyn,&nbsp;Lucile Jomat,&nbsp;Stéphane D. Lemaire,&nbsp;Olivier De Clerck,&nbsp;Yves Van de Peer","doi":"10.1111/nph.70095","DOIUrl":"10.1111/nph.70095","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>\u0000 </p><ul>\u0000 \u0000 <li>Whole-genome duplications, widely observed in plant lineages, have significant evolutionary and ecological impacts. Yet, our current understanding of the direct implications of ploidy shifts on short- and long-term plant evolution remains fragmentary, necessitating further investigations across multiple ploidy levels. <i>Chlamydomonas reinhardtii</i> is a valuable model organism with profound potential to study the impact of ploidy increase on the longer term in a laboratory environment. This is partly due to the ability to increase the ploidy level.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>We developed a strategy to engineer ploidy in <i>C. reinhardtii</i> using noninterfering, antibiotic, selectable markers. This approach allows us to induce higher ploidy levels in <i>C. reinhardtii</i> and is applicable to field isolates, which expands beyond specific auxotroph laboratory strains and broadens the genetic diversity of parental haploid strains that can be crossed. We implement flow cytometry for precise measurement of the genome size of strains of different ploidy.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>We demonstrate the creation of diploids, triploids, and tetraploids by engineering North American field isolates, broadening the application of synthetic biology principles in <i>C. reinhardtii</i>. However, our newly formed triploids and tetraploids show signs of rapid aneuploidization.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>Our study greatly facilitates the application of <i>C. reinhardtii</i> to study polyploidy, in both fundamental and applied settings.</li>\u0000 </ul>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":214,"journal":{"name":"New Phytologist","volume":"246 3","pages":"1403-1412"},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143666546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}