New Phytologist最新文献

{"title":"Exploring the potential of plastid biology and biotechnology","authors":"Rose McNelly, Ángel Vergara-Cruces, David Lea-Smith, David Seung, Michael Webster","doi":"10.1111/nph.19296","DOIUrl":"10.1111/nph.19296","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Plastids are a family of organelles that likely originate from the endosymbiosis of cyanobacteria (Howe <i>et al</i>., <span>2008</span>) and exhibit diverse morphologies and biochemical capabilities (Fig. 1). The chloroplast is the most well-studied plastid type and performs photosynthesis in plants and algae and is thus responsible for most of the food production on the planet. However, there are other important biochemical functions performed by plastids, including the synthesis and storage of some carbohydrates, pigment production, fatty acid synthesis and nitrogen and sulphur assimilation. Plants have specialised plastid types that carry out some of these functions, such as starch-storing amyloplasts and pigment-producing chromoplasts (Fig. 1).</p><p>The annual Plastid Preview Meeting took place on 1–2 September 2022 in Norwich (UK), jointly hosted by the John Innes Centre and the University of East Anglia. Since the 1970s, Plastid Preview has showcased cutting-edge research from PhD students and early career postdoctoral scientists investigating fundamental and applied plastid biology. Research presented throughout the years has not only addressed questions in photosynthesis but also in diverse areas such as chlorophyll biosynthesis, starch metabolism, carbon fixation, plastid gene expression and plastid transformation. In the 2022 meeting, it was apparent that significant progress is being made in addressing long-standing questions in these areas with the aid of technological developments, such as machine learning, gene editing and cryo-EM approaches to study protein structure, combined with the ability to explore previously untapped biological diversity with the rapid expansion of genome sequences.</p><p>Three major domains of plastid research were covered: the first concerned ‘understanding the plastid’, probing the fundamental mechanisms that govern plastid biology. The second concerned ‘optimising the plastid’ and focussed on processes that could increase productivity and resilience in cyanobacteria, algae and plants. The third concerned ‘utilising the plastid’, specifically the use of plastid-containing organisms in biotechnology to produce high-value proteins and metabolites. Here, we highlight some of the diverse and exciting areas of work encompassing these three domains that were covered at the meeting.</p><p>Research into fundamental plastid processes, such as biogenesis, gene expression, protein import and division, is required to understand how photosynthesis and metabolism occur and are integrated within the organelle.</p><p>Protein import is a prime example of a process that influences many other plastid functions and was an area of active discussion at the meeting. The majority of the plastid proteome is encoded in the nucleus, and proteins are imported into the organelle through recognition of plastid-localisation signals, translocation through the plastid membranes and delivery to the appropriate location within the pla","PeriodicalId":214,"journal":{"name":"New Phytologist","volume":"240 6","pages":"2187-2190"},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2023-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://nph.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/nph.19296","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41105235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Post-drought compensatory growth in perennial grasslands is determined by legacy effects of the soil and not by plants","authors":"Marie-Louise Schärer,&nbsp;Andreas Lüscher,&nbsp;Ansgar Kahmen","doi":"10.1111/nph.19291","DOIUrl":"10.1111/nph.19291","url":null,"abstract":"<p>\u0000 </p>","PeriodicalId":214,"journal":{"name":"New Phytologist","volume":"240 6","pages":"2265-2275"},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2023-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://nph.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/nph.19291","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41177291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"As a permafrost ecosystem warms, plant community traits become more acquisitive","authors":"Clydecia M. Spitzer,&nbsp;Gesche Blume-Werry","doi":"10.1111/nph.19286","DOIUrl":"10.1111/nph.19286","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;Permafrost is thawing, as a result of both increasing temperatures and snow depth. Temperatures in permafrost are increasing at 0.3–1°C per decade, possibly accelerating as global warming progresses (Smith &lt;i&gt;et al&lt;/i&gt;., &lt;span&gt;2022&lt;/span&gt;), leading to estimated losses of over 40% of permafrost area even if warming is stabilized at 2°C (Chadburn &lt;i&gt;et al&lt;/i&gt;., &lt;span&gt;2017&lt;/span&gt;). This rapid warming might not only lead to large losses of carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) previously locked up in frozen soil layers but will also inevitably influence plant communities growing in the increasingly deeper layer of seasonally thawed soil above the permafrost. How plant community traits respond to the release of nutrients from warming permafrost could have important implications for carbon and nutrient cycling in these ecosystems. Plant communities are adapted to the harsh climate in permafrost areas, with roots growing in the thawed but still cold soil layers above the permafrost. But what happens when soils above permafrost warm? How do plant communities and their traits respond? Are plant trait responses coordinated above- and belowground? These are some key questions that are tackled in an recently published article by Wei &lt;i&gt;et al&lt;/i&gt;. (&lt;span&gt;2023&lt;/span&gt;; 1802–1816), published in this issue of &lt;i&gt;New Phytologist&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Plant traits and their values are important for understanding community responses to global change. For example, in resource-limited or harsh conditions, plant communities have been found to either have more acquisitive traits that promote the acquisition of resources (e.g. finer roots and higher nitrogen content), or conservative traits, such as thicker roots and lower nitrogen content (Laughlin &lt;i&gt;et al&lt;/i&gt;., &lt;span&gt;2021&lt;/span&gt;). Indeed, multiple studies have been conducted along elevational gradients to understand the relationship between plant traits and temperature (e.g. Weemstra &lt;i&gt;et al&lt;/i&gt;., &lt;span&gt;2021&lt;/span&gt;; Spitzer &lt;i&gt;et al&lt;/i&gt;., &lt;span&gt;2023&lt;/span&gt;). These studies have shown that although some species have clear elevational trait value responses, at the community level there are idiosyncratic relationships with elevation, probably due to the spatial heterogeneity and nonlinear nutrient dynamics along natural gradients. Wei &lt;i&gt;et al&lt;/i&gt;.'s study directly tests the effects of warming on permafrost-affected soils, which resulted in increased net soil N mineralization and nitrate concentrations. This shifted plant community traits to more acquisitive values both above- and belowground, for example, higher specific root length, higher root N concentration, higher specific leaf area, and photosynthetic N use efficiency. Previous studies have found strong links between experimental warming and increased N content in plant tissues (Jónsdóttir &lt;i&gt;et al&lt;/i&gt;., &lt;span&gt;2023&lt;/span&gt;). However, this study from Wei &lt;i&gt;et al&lt;/i&gt;. shows a strong coordinated shift towards acquisitive strategies in both above- and belowground tissues in the plant c","PeriodicalId":214,"journal":{"name":"New Phytologist","volume":"240 5","pages":"1712-1713"},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2023-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41155963","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"NUA positively regulates plant immunity by coordination with ESD4 to deSUMOylate TPR1 in Arabidopsis","authors":"Bao Xie,&nbsp;Mingyu Luo,&nbsp;Qiuyi Li,&nbsp;Jing Shao,&nbsp;Desheng Chen,&nbsp;David E. Somers,&nbsp;Dingzhong Tang,&nbsp;Hua Shi","doi":"10.1111/nph.19287","DOIUrl":"10.1111/nph.19287","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>\u0000 </p><ul>\u0000 \u0000 <li>Nuclear pore complex (NPC) is composed of multiple nucleoporins (Nups). A plethora of studies have highlighted the significance of NPC in plant immunity. However, the specific roles of individual Nups are poorly understood.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>NUCLEAR PORE ANCHOR (NUA) is a component of NPC. Loss of NUA leads to an increase in SUMO conjugates and pleiotropic developmental defects in <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i>. Herein, we revealed that NUA is required for plant defense against multiple pathogens.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>NUCLEAR PORE ANCHOR associates with the transcriptional corepressor TOPLESS-RELATED1 (TPR1) and contributes to TPR1 deSUMOylation. Significantly, NUA-interacting protein EARLY IN SHORT DAYS 4 (ESD4), a SUMO protease, specifically deSUMOylates TPR1. It has been previously established that the SUMO E3 ligase SAP AND MIZ1 DOMAIN-CONTAINING LIGASE 1 (SIZ1)-mediated SUMOylation of TPR1 represses the immune-related function of TPR1. Consistent with this notion, the hyper-SUMOylated TPR1 in <i>nua-3</i> leads to upregulated expression of TPR1 target genes and compromised TPR1-mediated disease resistance.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>Taken together, our work uncovers a mechanism by which NUA positively regulates plant defense responses by coordination with ESD4 to deSUMOylate TPR1. Our findings, together with previous studies, reveal a regulatory module in which SIZ1 and NUA/ESD4 control the homeostasis of TPR1 SUMOylation to maintain proper immune output.</li>\u0000 </ul>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":214,"journal":{"name":"New Phytologist","volume":"241 1","pages":"363-377"},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2023-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41174211","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"GlobalAMFungi: a global database of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal occurrences from high-throughput sequencing metabarcoding studies","authors":"Tomáš Větrovský,&nbsp;Zuzana Kolaříková,&nbsp;Clémentine Lepinay,&nbsp;Sandra Awokunle Hollá,&nbsp;John Davison,&nbsp;Anna Fleyberková,&nbsp;Anastasiia Gromyko,&nbsp;Barbora Jelínková,&nbsp;Miroslav Kolařík,&nbsp;Manuela Krüger,&nbsp;Renata Lejsková,&nbsp;Lenka Michalčíková,&nbsp;Tereza Michalová,&nbsp;Mari Moora,&nbsp;Andrea Moravcová,&nbsp;Štěpánka Moulíková,&nbsp;Iñaki Odriozola,&nbsp;Maarja Öpik,&nbsp;Monika Pappová,&nbsp;Sarah Piché-Choquette,&nbsp;Jakub Skřivánek,&nbsp;Lukáš Vlk,&nbsp;Martin Zobel,&nbsp;Petr Baldrian,&nbsp;Petr Kohout","doi":"10.1111/nph.19283","DOIUrl":"10.1111/nph.19283","url":null,"abstract":"<p>\u0000 \u0000 </p>","PeriodicalId":214,"journal":{"name":"New Phytologist","volume":"240 5","pages":"2151-2163"},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2023-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41160045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sporocarp nutrition of ectomycorrhizal fungi indicates an important role for endemic species in a high productivity temperate rainforest","authors":"M. Claire McPolin,&nbsp;J. Marty Kranabetter,&nbsp;Tim J. Philpott,&nbsp;Barbara J. Hawkins","doi":"10.1111/nph.19280","DOIUrl":"10.1111/nph.19280","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>\u0000 \u0000 </p><ul>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <li>Endemic species of ectomycorrhizal fungi (EMF) are found throughout many biomes, but it is unclear whether their localized distribution is dictated by habitat filtering or geographical barriers to dispersal.</li>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <li>We examined community composition (via long-read metabarcoding) and differences in sporocarp nutrition between endemic and cosmopolitan EMF species across perhumid temperate rainforests of British Columbia, characterized by soils with high nitrogen (N) supply alongside low phosphorus (P) and cation availability.</li>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <li>Endemic EMF species, representing almost half of the community, had significantly greater sporocarp N (24% higher), potassium (+16%), and magnesium (+17%) concentrations than cosmopolitan species. Sporocarp P concentrations were comparatively low and did not differ by fungal range. However, sporocarp N% and P% were well correlated, supporting evidence for linkages in N and P acquisition. Endemics were more likely to occur on <i>Tsuga heterophylla</i> (a disjunct host genus) than <i>Picea sitchensis</i> (a circumpolar genus). The Inocybaceae and Thelephoraceae families had high proportions of endemic taxa, while species in Cortinariaceae were largely cosmopolitan, indicating some niche conservatism among genera.</li>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <li>We conclude that superior adaptive traits in relation to perhumid soils were skewed toward the endemic community, underscoring the potentially important contribution of these localized fungi to rainforest nutrition and productivity.</li>\u0000 </ul>\u0000 \u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":214,"journal":{"name":"New Phytologist","volume":"242 4","pages":"1603-1613"},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2023-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41156101","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Plant trait relationships are maintained within a major crop species: lack of artificial selection signal and potential for improved agronomic performance","authors":"Taïna Lemoine,&nbsp;Cyrille Violle,&nbsp;Germain Montazeaud,&nbsp;Marney E. Isaac,&nbsp;Aline Rocher,&nbsp;Hélène Fréville,&nbsp;Florian Fort","doi":"10.1111/nph.19279","DOIUrl":"10.1111/nph.19279","url":null,"abstract":"<p>\u0000 </p>","PeriodicalId":214,"journal":{"name":"New Phytologist","volume":"240 6","pages":"2227-2238"},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2023-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://nph.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/nph.19279","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41149580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ER body-resident myrosinases and tryptophan specialized metabolism modulate root microbiota assembly","authors":"Arpan Kumar Basak,&nbsp;Anna Piasecka,&nbsp;Jana Hucklenbroich,&nbsp;Gözde Merve Türksoy,&nbsp;Rui Guan,&nbsp;Pengfan Zhang,&nbsp;Felix Getzke,&nbsp;Ruben Garrido-Oter,&nbsp;Stephane Hacquard,&nbsp;Kazimierz Strzałka,&nbsp;Paweł Bednarek,&nbsp;Kenji Yamada,&nbsp;Ryohei Thomas Nakano","doi":"10.1111/nph.19289","DOIUrl":"10.1111/nph.19289","url":null,"abstract":"<p>\u0000 </p>","PeriodicalId":214,"journal":{"name":"New Phytologist","volume":"241 1","pages":"329-342"},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2023-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://nph.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/nph.19289","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41148853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Arabidopsis leaf-expressed AGAMOUS-LIKE 24 mRNA systemically specifies floral meristem differentiation","authors":"Nien-Chen Huang,&nbsp;Huan-Chi Tien,&nbsp;Tien-Shin Yu","doi":"10.1111/nph.19293","DOIUrl":"10.1111/nph.19293","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>\u0000 </p><ul>\u0000 \u0000 <li>Plants can record external stimuli in mobile mRNAs and systemically deliver them to distal tissues to adjust development. Despite the identification of thousands of mobile mRNAs, the functional relevance of mobile mRNAs remains limited.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>Many mobile mRNAs are synthesized in the source cells that perceive environmental stimuli, but specifically exert their functions upon transportation to the recipient cells. However, the translation of mobile mRNA-encoded protein in the source cells could locally activate downstream target genes. How plants avoid ectopic functions of mobile mRNAs in the source cells to achieve tissue specificity remains to be elucidated.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>Here, we show that Arabidopsis <i>AGAMOUS-LIKE 24</i> (<i>AGL24</i>) is a mobile mRNA whose movement is necessary and sufficient to specify floral organ identity. Although <i>AGL24</i> mRNA is expressed in vegetative tissues, AGL24 protein exclusively accumulates in the shoot apex. In leaves, AGL24 proteins are degraded to avoid ectopically activating its downstream target genes.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>Our results reveal how selective protein degradation in source cells provides a strategy to limit the local effects associated with proteins encoded by mobile mRNAs, which ensures that mobile mRNAs specifically trigger systemic responses only in recipient tissues.</li>\u0000 </ul>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":214,"journal":{"name":"New Phytologist","volume":"241 1","pages":"504-515"},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2023-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41180343","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unenriched xylem water contribution during cellulose synthesis influenced by atmospheric demand governs the intra-annual tree-ring δ18O signature","authors":"Elisabet Martínez-Sancho,&nbsp;Lucas A. Cernusak,&nbsp;Patrick Fonti,&nbsp;Alessandro Gregori,&nbsp;Bastian Ullrich,&nbsp;Elisabeth Graf Pannatier,&nbsp;Arthur Gessler,&nbsp;Marco M. Lehmann,&nbsp;Matthias Saurer,&nbsp;Kerstin Treydte","doi":"10.1111/nph.19278","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.19278","url":null,"abstract":"<p>\u0000 \u0000 </p>","PeriodicalId":214,"journal":{"name":"New Phytologist","volume":"240 5","pages":"1743-1757"},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2023-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71943398","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}