New Phytologist最新文献

{"title":"A multifunctional organelle coordinates phagocytosis and chlorophagy in a marine eukaryote phytoplankton Scyphosphaera apsteinii","authors":"Julie A. Koester, Oren Fox, Elizabeth Smith, Madison B. Cox, Alison R. Taylor","doi":"10.1111/nph.20388","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.20388","url":null,"abstract":"<h2> Introduction</h2>\u0000<p>Haptophyte microalgae, including biomineralizing coccolithophores and naked flagellates, comprise 30–50% of the standing stock of microbial primary producers in the world's ocean (Liu <i>et al</i>., <span>2009</span>). As mixotrophs, haptophyte flagellates are responsible for, on average, 40% of bacterivory in oligotrophic ecosystems (Unrein <i>et al</i>., <span>2014</span>). Mixotrophy is a collection of functional physiological traits defined by a combination of autotrophic and phagotrophic carbon acquisition (Raven <i>et al</i>., <span>2009</span>; Flynn <i>et al</i>., <span>2019</span>) distinct from osmotrophy, which is the uptake of dissolved organic molecules (Flynn <i>et al</i>., <span>2013</span>). Mixoplankton are important drivers of carbon flow in pelagic microbial communities (Mitra <i>et al</i>., <span>2014</span>, <span>2016</span>; Ward & Follows, <span>2016</span>), with significant contributions to bacterivory and carbon transfer by pico- and nanoplankton (Zubkov & Tarran, <span>2008</span>). Mixotrophy also allows for life-history, phenotypic, and habitat flexibility, including the ability to thrive in oligotrophic regions or survive subphotic conditions and periods of darkness (Brutemark & Granéli, <span>2011</span>; Anderson <i>et al</i>., <span>2018</span>; Wilken <i>et al</i>., <span>2020</span>). Experimental and modeling studies suggest mixotrophy traits, including increased phagotrophy, may be favored under ocean warming scenarios, for example if metabolic rate responses of phagotrophy are greater than those of photosynthesis (Gonzalez <i>et al</i>., <span>2022</span>; Lepori-Bui <i>et al</i>., <span>2022</span>).</p>\u0000<p>Studies directly testing phagocytosis in haptophytes have been conducted primarily on motile representatives (Anderson <i>et al</i>., <span>2018</span>), including 3 species from the calcifying subclass Calcihaptophycidae (de Vargas <i>et al</i>., <span>2007</span>), the coccolithophores (Parke & Adams, <span>1960</span>; Houdan <i>et al</i>., <span>2006</span>; Avrahami & Frada, <span>2020</span>). In addition to two flagella, motile haptophytes have a characteristic haptonema, a unique microtubule-based appendage located between the flagella. The haptonema intercepts small prey particles in the flagella-driven feeding currents and deposits them on the posterior portion of the cell, opposite the flagellar and haptonemal roots, where phagocytosis occurs (Parke & Adams, <span>1960</span>; Kawachi <i>et al</i>., <span>1991</span>; Kawachi & Inouye, <span>1995</span>; Dölger <i>et al</i>., <span>2017</span>). By contrast, the toxic species <i>Prymnesium patellifera</i> appears to immobilize or kill large prey before engulfing them by pseudopodia that also form at the posterior pole (Tillmann, <span>1998</span>). Additionally, putatively flagellated and mixotrophic heterococcolith-bearing species have been described from the fossil record (Gibbs <i>et al<","PeriodicalId":214,"journal":{"name":"New Phytologist","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143539303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Beat the heat: need for research studying plant cell death induced by extreme temperatures","authors":"Joanna Kacprzyk, Paul F. McCabe, Carl K.-Y. Ng","doi":"10.1111/nph.70045","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.70045","url":null,"abstract":"Extreme temperatures surpassing 45°C can cause widespread plant damage and mortality, with severe consequences for ecosystem health, agricultural productivity, and urban greenery, thus negatively impacting human well-being. The global land area experiencing regular heatwaves is increasing, and this trend is expected to continue for the foreseeable future. Despite this alarming scenario, the molecular mechanisms underlying plant thermotolerance and responses to extreme heat-induced damage are not fully understood. As cells are the basic building blocks of the plant, studies at the cellular level are required to elucidate the fine-tuned signaling pathways regulating plant cell death and survival under high heat stress, thereby generating knowledge needed to better understand extreme temperature responses at the whole plant level. Well-established model systems that allow accurate measurement and quantification of stress-induced programmed cell death have a strong potential to enable multifactorial studies, including the use of heat regimes informed by natural settings and combinatorial stress experiments. The knowledge gained as a result can inform the development of effective heat stress mitigation strategies. Studying how plant cells cope with extreme heat is aligned with the One Health approach, several United Nations Sustainable Development Goals, and is, therefore, a research area that demands urgent attention.","PeriodicalId":214,"journal":{"name":"New Phytologist","volume":"52 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143539302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A translocation between chromosome 6 and 8 influences lncRNA_MYB114 and PpRPP13 expression and underpins red leaf trait and powdery mildew resistance in peach","authors":"Shihang Sun, Junren Meng, Wenjun Zhang, Ang Li, Liang Niu, Lei Pan, Wenyi Duan, Jia-Long Yao, Guochao Cui, Zhiqiang Wang, Wenfang Zeng","doi":"10.1111/nph.70028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.70028","url":null,"abstract":"<p>\u0000</p><ul>\u0000<li>Red leaf peach has important ornamental value owing to its characteristic leaf coloration. However, this species is highly susceptible to powdery mildew, and the mechanisms of red leaf formation, resistance to powdery mildew, and their relationship remain unclear.</li>\u0000<li>We performed population genetic analyses of red leaf peach, revealing that the translocation of chromosomes 6 and 8 is genetically linked to both the red leaf trait and powdery mildew resistance. Bulk segregant analysis-sequencing, genome resequencing, and expression analysis indicated that the <i>PpMYB114</i> and the resistance gene <i>PpRPP13</i> are responsible for the red leaf phenotype and powdery mildew resistance, respectively.</li>\u0000<li>The chromosomal translocation causes a promoter fragment of <i>PpRPP13</i> on chromosome 8 to integrate into the antisense chain of <i>PpMYB114</i> on chromosome 6, thereby enhancing the expression of <i>PpMYB114</i> and inhibiting the expression of <i>PpRPP13</i>. Further, lncRNA-seq identified a new antisense lncRNA, <i>lncRNA_MYB114</i>, which is generated by the translocation and can activate <i>PpMYB114</i> expression to synthesize anthocyanin. Moreover, the overexpression of <i>PpRPP13</i> resulted in enhanced resistance to powdery mildew.</li>\u0000<li>In summary, these results revealed the molecular mechanism of a chromosomal translocation altering the expression of <i>PpMYB114</i> and <i>PpRPP13</i> to form the red leaf phenotype that is linked to powdery mildew susceptibility.</li>\u0000</ul><p></p>","PeriodicalId":214,"journal":{"name":"New Phytologist","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143539307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cucumber mosaic virus 2b directs fibrillarin translocation to plasmodesmata to promote viral movement","authors":"Dan Zhang, Haiying Xu, Nam-Hai Chua","doi":"10.1111/nph.70020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.70020","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;h2&gt; Introduction&lt;/h2&gt;\u0000&lt;p&gt;Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) is one of the most widespread and infectious plant viruses affecting over 1200 plant species, including both monocots and dicots (Palukaitis &lt;i&gt;et al&lt;/i&gt;., &lt;span&gt;1992&lt;/span&gt;; Mochizuki &amp; Ohki, &lt;span&gt;2011&lt;/span&gt;). The CMV genome consists of three positive-stranded RNAs encoding five proteins: 1a, 2a, 2b, 3a, and coat protein (CP; Jacquemond, &lt;span&gt;2012&lt;/span&gt;). Among them, the multifunctional 2b protein regulates diverse processes throughout the viral life cycle, including viral movement both locally and systemically (Nemes &lt;i&gt;et al&lt;/i&gt;., &lt;span&gt;2014&lt;/span&gt;), symptom development (Lewsey &lt;i&gt;et al&lt;/i&gt;., &lt;span&gt;2009&lt;/span&gt;), and suppression of RNA silencing as part of the host defense response (Ji &amp; Ding, &lt;span&gt;2001&lt;/span&gt;; Zhang &lt;i&gt;et al&lt;/i&gt;., &lt;span&gt;2006&lt;/span&gt;; Zhou &lt;i&gt;et al&lt;/i&gt;., &lt;span&gt;2014&lt;/span&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;\u0000&lt;p&gt;The 2b proteins of subgroup IA CMV strains, including Fenny Dale (Fny)-CMV strain and Shangdong (SD)-CMV strain, are known to partition between the nucleus and the cytoplasm, yet the biological relevance of such phenomena remains uncertain. Nuclear targeting of 2b proteins from subgroup IA strains is governed by two nuclear localization signals (NLSs), NLS1 and NLS2 (Wang &lt;i&gt;et al&lt;/i&gt;., &lt;span&gt;2004&lt;/span&gt;; González &lt;i&gt;et al&lt;/i&gt;., &lt;span&gt;2010&lt;/span&gt;; Duan &lt;i&gt;et al&lt;/i&gt;., &lt;span&gt;2012&lt;/span&gt;). It was previously shown that NLS mutations impaired 2b's functions in RNA silencing suppression and virus pathogenicity (Lucy &lt;i&gt;et al&lt;/i&gt;., &lt;span&gt;2000&lt;/span&gt;; Wang &lt;i&gt;et al&lt;/i&gt;., &lt;span&gt;2004&lt;/span&gt;; Lewsey &lt;i&gt;et al&lt;/i&gt;., &lt;span&gt;2009&lt;/span&gt;; González &lt;i&gt;et al&lt;/i&gt;., &lt;span&gt;2010&lt;/span&gt;). Interestingly, other studies suggested that Fny2b fused with a nuclear export signal, which inhibits its sustained nuclear accumulation, still retains virus silencing suppressor (VSR) activity, suggesting that nuclear localization is not strictly required for this function (González &lt;i&gt;et al&lt;/i&gt;., &lt;span&gt;2012&lt;/span&gt;). On the other hand, increasing 2b's nuclear accumulation can reduce its VSR activity while enhancing viral virulence (Du &lt;i&gt;et al&lt;/i&gt;., &lt;span&gt;2014&lt;/span&gt;). These findings suggest that the NLS motifs may have broader implications in 2b functionality, potentially beyond its role in VSR activity.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000&lt;p&gt;Emerging evidence indicates that the ability of certain viral proteins to form liquid–liquid phase-separated (LLPS) condensates is essential for multiple aspects of the viral lifestyle, including enhancing replication, movement, and host manipulation (Etibor &lt;i&gt;et al&lt;/i&gt;., &lt;span&gt;2021&lt;/span&gt;; May, &lt;span&gt;2024&lt;/span&gt;). These condensates act as dynamic compartments, organizing viral and host components to enhance the efficiency of viral gene functions. Liquid–liquid phase-separated-driven interactions between viral proteins and host factors have been shown to facilitate the systemic infection of various plant viruses (Brown &lt;i&gt;et al&lt;/i&gt;., &lt;span&gt;2021&lt;/span&gt;). Nevertheless, whether CMV-2b proteins are capable of forming con","PeriodicalId":214,"journal":{"name":"New Phytologist","volume":"66 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143532501","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dual and spatially resolved drought responses in the Arabidopsis leaf mesophyll revealed by single-cell transcriptomics","authors":"Rubén Tenorio Berrío, Eline Verhelst, Thomas Eekhout, Carolin Grones, Lieven De Veylder, Bert De Rybel, Marieke Dubois","doi":"10.1111/nph.20446","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.20446","url":null,"abstract":"Drought stress imposes severe challenges on agriculture by impacting crop performance. Understanding drought responses in plants at a cellular level is a crucial first step toward engineering improved drought resilience. However, the molecular responses to drought are complex as they depend on multiple factors, including the severity of drought, the profiled organ, its developmental stage or even the cell types therein. Thus, deciphering the transcriptional responses to drought is especially challenging. In this study, we investigated tissue-specific responses to mild drought (MD) in young <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i> (Arabidopsis) leaves using single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq). To preserve transcriptional integrity during cell isolation, we inhibited RNA synthesis using the transcription inhibitor actinomycin D, and demonstrated the benefits of transcriptome fixation for studying mild stress responses at a single-cell level. We present a curated and validated single-cell atlas, comprising 50 797 high-quality cells from almost all known cell types present in the leaf. All cell type annotations were validated with a new library of reporter lines. The curated data are available to the broad community in an intuitive tool and a browsable single-cell atlas (http://www.single-cell.be/plant/leaf-drought). We show that the mesophyll contains two spatially separated cell populations with distinct responses to drought: one enriched in canonical abscisic acid-related drought-responsive genes, and another one enriched in genes involved in iron starvation responses. Our study thus reveals a dual adaptive mechanism of the leaf mesophyll in response to MD and provides a valuable resource for future research on stress responses.","PeriodicalId":214,"journal":{"name":"New Phytologist","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143539304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intercropping of non-leguminous crops improves soil biochemistry and crop productivity: a meta-analysis","authors":"Muhammad Khashi u Rahman, Zaki Saati-Santamaría, Paula García-Fraile","doi":"10.1111/nph.70037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.70037","url":null,"abstract":"<p>\u0000</p><ul>\u0000<li>Plant species-rich systems tend to be more productive than depauperate ones. In agroecosystems, increasing crop plant diversity by including legumes often increases soil nitrogen (N) and improves soil fertility; however, such generality in outcomes of non-leguminous crop mixture is unknown.</li>\u0000<li>Here, through a meta-analysis of 174 individual cases, we explored the current global research trend of intercropping of exclusively non-leguminous crops (IC_nl) and quantified its effect on agroecosystem productivity key metrics, for example crop plant health, soil chemistry, and microbial community under diverse experimental conditions.</li>\u0000<li>IC_nl increased plant biomass and disease suppression and provided a notable yield advantage over monocultures. In addition to phosphorus and potassium, IC_nl also increased plant-available soil N, which, along with increased soil microbial abundance, was positively associated with increased soil organic matter. These positive effects were more pronounced in experiments with long duration (&gt; 1 yr), field soil conditions, and soil pH &gt; 7.</li>\u0000<li>IC_nl improves several crop productivity metrics, which could augment sustainable crop production, particularly when practiced for a long duration and in alkaline soils.</li>\u0000</ul><p></p>","PeriodicalId":214,"journal":{"name":"New Phytologist","volume":"5 1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143526492","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"GCN5-related histone acetyltransferase HOOKLESS2 regulates fungal resistance and growth in tomato","authors":"Namrata Jaiswal, Chao-Jan Liao, Ayomi Indika Hewavidana, Tesfaye Mengiste","doi":"10.1111/nph.70025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.70025","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;h2&gt; Introduction&lt;/h2&gt;\u0000&lt;p&gt;Different biological processes are regulated through the activation or repression of gene expression, which in turn occurs through transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulatory networks. Histone modifications are key players in the activation and repression of gene expression underlying various biological processes (Pandey, &lt;span&gt;2002&lt;/span&gt;) as they modulate the accessibility of DNA to enzymes involved in DNA processing. Histone acetyltransferases (HATs) and deacetylases (HDACs) mediate the reversible modifications of histone tails, modulating gene expressions in development and responses to environmental cues. HATs are ‘writer’ proteins that add an acetyl group on histones lysine residues and, generally, cause gene activation (Marmorstein &amp; Roth, &lt;span&gt;2001&lt;/span&gt;; Carrozza &lt;i&gt;et al&lt;/i&gt;., &lt;span&gt;2003&lt;/span&gt;; Ma &lt;i&gt;et al&lt;/i&gt;., &lt;span&gt;2013&lt;/span&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;\u0000&lt;p&gt;GCN5-related N-acetyltransferases (GNATs) contain an N-terminal HAT domain and a C-terminal bromodomain, considered to be a targeting motif (Dhalluin &lt;i&gt;et al&lt;/i&gt;., &lt;span&gt;1999&lt;/span&gt;; Ornaghi &lt;i&gt;et al&lt;/i&gt;., &lt;span&gt;1999&lt;/span&gt;). GCN5 is the primary HAT that regulates plant gene expression (Servet &lt;i&gt;et al&lt;/i&gt;., &lt;span&gt;2010&lt;/span&gt;; Zhou &lt;i&gt;et al&lt;/i&gt;., &lt;span&gt;2017&lt;/span&gt;). Mutations or downregulation of Arabidopsis GCN5 increases plant sensitivity to a variety of stresses and causes pleiotropic developmental phenotypes, such as dwarfism, aberrant organ development, and flower organ identity (Kim &lt;i&gt;et al&lt;/i&gt;., &lt;span&gt;2018&lt;/span&gt;; Kotak &lt;i&gt;et al&lt;/i&gt;., &lt;span&gt;2018&lt;/span&gt;; Poulios &amp; Vlachonasios, &lt;span&gt;2018&lt;/span&gt;). Epigenetic reprogramming through GCN5 promotes competency for shoot regeneration by controlling shoot apical meristem through control of meristem-regulatory genes and promotes callus formation through expression of root stem cell factors (Kumar &lt;i&gt;et al&lt;/i&gt;., &lt;span&gt;2021&lt;/span&gt;). GCN5 promotes transcription of &lt;i&gt;WUSCHEL&lt;/i&gt;-related homeobox (&lt;i&gt;WOX&lt;/i&gt;), &lt;i&gt;SCARECROW&lt;/i&gt; (&lt;i&gt;SCR&lt;/i&gt;), and &lt;i&gt;PLETHORA&lt;/i&gt; (&lt;i&gt;PLT&lt;/i&gt;) stem cell regulators through histone acetylation (HAc) at their promoters (Kim &lt;i&gt;et al&lt;/i&gt;., &lt;span&gt;2018&lt;/span&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;\u0000&lt;p&gt;Histone acetylation is a significant regulatory mechanism in plant gene expression (Yamamuro &lt;i&gt;et al&lt;/i&gt;., &lt;span&gt;2016&lt;/span&gt;; Jiang &lt;i&gt;et al&lt;/i&gt;., &lt;span&gt;2020&lt;/span&gt;; Ueda &amp; Seki, &lt;span&gt;2020&lt;/span&gt;). It is also associated with memory for systemic acquired resistance (Jaskiewicz &lt;i&gt;et al&lt;/i&gt;., &lt;span&gt;2011&lt;/span&gt;; Gkizi &lt;i&gt;et al&lt;/i&gt;., &lt;span&gt;2021&lt;/span&gt;). GCN5 complexes with the adaptor proteins alteration/deficiency in activation 2 (ADA2) (Mao &lt;i&gt;et al&lt;/i&gt;., &lt;span&gt;2006&lt;/span&gt;), and this complex functions in growth and stress responses (Hu &lt;i&gt;et al&lt;/i&gt;., &lt;span&gt;2015&lt;/span&gt;; Zheng &lt;i&gt;et al&lt;/i&gt;., &lt;span&gt;2018&lt;/span&gt;; Wang &lt;i&gt;et al&lt;/i&gt;., &lt;span&gt;2019&lt;/span&gt;). ADA2b mediates HAc at auxin-responsive genes (Anzola &lt;i&gt;et al&lt;/i&gt;., &lt;span&gt;2010&lt;/span&gt;). The transcription factor (TF) bZIP11 interacts with ADA2b and recruits the ADA2b-GCN5 to ","PeriodicalId":214,"journal":{"name":"New Phytologist","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143526491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"TIP2-UDT1-OsUPEX1/2 module regulates tapetum development and function in rice","authors":"Ruifeng Wang, Yaqian Sun, Wanlin Liu, Xiaofei Chen, Jie Xu, Zheng Yuan, Wanqi Liang, Dabing Zhang","doi":"10.1111/nph.20435","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.20435","url":null,"abstract":"<p>\u0000</p><ul>\u0000<li>The tapetum in the anther wall is essential for plant fertility, secreting many components essential for pollen development. Development of the tapetum is controlled by multiple transcription factors and signaling pathways. UDT1, TIP2, TDR, and EAT1 constitute a sequential regulatory cascade crucial for tapetal differentiation in rice, but UDT1- and TIP2-dependent regulatory networks, particularly in early anther development, remain largely unknown.</li>\u0000<li>Functional analysis of knockout mutants and spatial–temporal expression analysis demonstrated overlapping expression of TIP2 and UDT1 in the middle layer and tapetum and that the <i>tip2</i> mutation was epistatic to <i>udt1</i>. Moreover, TIP2 and UDT1 were shown to heterodimerize to activate the expression of downstream genes essential for early anther development.</li>\u0000<li>We identified two genes activated by TIP2-UDT1, <i>OsUPEX1</i> and <i>OsUPEX2</i>, predicted to encode galactosyltransferases, that were preferentially expressed in the tapetum. Analysis of their single mutants demonstrated their functional redundancy, while the double knockout mutant revealed their critical roles in tapetum development and function, likely in enabling tapetal secretion.</li>\u0000<li>Overall, this study provides insights into the regulation of rice anther development by TIP2 and UDT1 and identifies downstream targets <i>OsUPEX1</i> and <i>OsUPEX2</i> essential for tapetum function and rice male fertility.</li>\u0000</ul><p></p>","PeriodicalId":214,"journal":{"name":"New Phytologist","volume":"85 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143518145","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"mRNAs of plants and green algae lack the m7G cap-1 structure","authors":"Chen Xiao, Qiongfang Li, Shangwei Wu, Feng Zhang, Hailei Zhang, Chen Zhang, Zongwei Cai, Yiji Xia","doi":"10.1111/nph.70033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.70033","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;The 7-methylguanosine (m&lt;sup&gt;7&lt;/sup&gt;G) cap is a characteristic feature found at the 5′ end of eukaryotic mRNA and certain noncoding RNAs. The cap is linked to mRNA through a 5′–5′ pyrophosphate bond (Ramanathan &lt;i&gt;et al&lt;/i&gt;., &lt;span&gt;2016&lt;/span&gt;). The formation of the cap involves a capping enzyme (CE) that adds the guanosine (G) cap to the 5′ end of a nascent transcript after &lt;i&gt;c&lt;/i&gt;. 30 nucleotides have been synthesized. This G cap is subsequently methylated by RNA guanosine-7 methyltransferase (RNMT) to produce the m&lt;sup&gt;7&lt;/sup&gt;G cap, which is also referred to as the m&lt;sup&gt;7&lt;/sup&gt;G Cap-0 form (m&lt;sup&gt;7&lt;/sup&gt;GpppN; Shuman, &lt;span&gt;2002&lt;/span&gt;; Cowling, &lt;span&gt;2010&lt;/span&gt;). The m&lt;sup&gt;7&lt;/sup&gt;G cap plays a vital role in recruiting proteins to form a cap-binding complex, which is essential for transcription elongation, splicing, polyadenylation, and translation initiation, as well as providing protection from degradation by 5′–3′ exonucleases (Galloway &amp; Cowling, &lt;span&gt;2019&lt;/span&gt;). While m&lt;sup&gt;7&lt;/sup&gt;G capping was once considered a constitutive housekeeping process for all eukaryotic mRNA, emerging evidence suggests that it is regulated in a gene-specific manner in response to various stimuli (Borden &lt;i&gt;et al&lt;/i&gt;., &lt;span&gt;2021&lt;/span&gt;). Additionally, recent findings indicate that some RNAs in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms possess noncanonical caps, such as the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) cap (Wolfram-Schauerte &amp; Höfer, &lt;span&gt;2023&lt;/span&gt;), highlighting the complexity of gene regulation mechanisms involving RNA capping.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000&lt;p&gt;In addition to the Cap-0 form, the first transcribed nucleotides of mRNA can be methylated at the 2′ hydroxyl position of its ribose during mRNA biogenesis, resulting in the formation of the Cap-1 mRNA (m&lt;sup&gt;7&lt;/sup&gt;GpppNm) (Galloway &amp; Cowling, &lt;span&gt;2019&lt;/span&gt;). After mRNA is exported into the cytosol, Cap-1 mRNAs can undergo further methylation at the second nucleotide, also at the 2′ hydroxyl of the ribose, to produce Cap-2 mRNA (m&lt;sup&gt;7&lt;/sup&gt;GpppNmNm).&lt;/p&gt;\u0000&lt;p&gt;Mammalian mRNA typically possesses the Cap-1 structure, whereas mRNAs that possess only the Cap-0 structure are recognized as nonself RNA, triggering the innate immune response (Daffis &lt;i&gt;et al&lt;/i&gt;., &lt;span&gt;2010&lt;/span&gt;). Further, a large portion of Cap-1 mRNAs in human cells is further converted to the Cap-2 form, whereas an elevated level of Cap-1 mRNA can still activate the innate immune response although not as potent as Cap-0 mRNA (Despic &amp; Jaffrey, &lt;span&gt;2023&lt;/span&gt;). Besides preventing excessive activation of the immune response, Cap-1 and Cap-2 play additional roles such as mRNA stability and increased translation (Despic &amp; Jaffrey, &lt;span&gt;2023&lt;/span&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;\u0000&lt;p&gt;Although it has been known for over 40 yr that plant mRNAs also contain the m&lt;sup&gt;7&lt;/sup&gt;G cap (Nichols, &lt;span&gt;1979&lt;/span&gt;; Haugland &amp; Cline, &lt;span&gt;1980&lt;/span&gt;), it remains unclear whether any plant RNAs possess the Cap-1 or Cap-2 forms. To further investigate th","PeriodicalId":214,"journal":{"name":"New Phytologist","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143518114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Breaking into nature's secret medicine cabinet: lichens – a biochemical goldmine ready for discovery","authors":"Garima Singh, Francesco Dal Grande, Francis M. Martin, Marnix H. Medema","doi":"10.1111/nph.70003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.70003","url":null,"abstract":"Secondary metabolites are a crucial source of bioactive compounds playing a key role in the development of new pharmaceuticals. Recently, biosynthetic research has benefited significantly from progress on various fronts, including reduced sequencing costs, improved genome/metabolome mining strategies, and expanding tools/databases to compare and characterize chemical diversity. Steady advances in these fields are crucial for research on non-modal organisms such as lichen-forming fungi (LFF). Although most fungi produce bioactive metabolites, biosynthetic research on LFF (<i>c</i>. 21% of known fungi) lags behind, primarily due to experimental challenges. However, in recent years, several such challenges have been tackled, and, in parallel, a critical foundation of genomic data and pipelines has been established to accomplish the valorization of this potential. Integrating these concurrent advances to accelerate biochemical research in LFF provides a promising opportunity for new discoveries. This review summarizes the following: recent advances in fungal and LFF omics, and chemoinformatics research; studies on LFF biosynthesis, including chemical diversity and evolutionary/phylogenetic aspects; and experimental milestones in LFF biosynthetic gene functions. At the end, we outline a vision and strategy to combine the progress in these research areas to harness the biochemical potential of LFF for pharmaceutical development.","PeriodicalId":214,"journal":{"name":"New Phytologist","volume":"210 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143495710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}