New Phytologist最新文献

{"title":"Gametophyte and sporophyte morphology are phylogenetically correlated in mosses, indicating coadaptation and parent–offspring conflict","authors":"Maryam Noroozi, Jessica M. Budke","doi":"10.1111/nph.70117","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.70117","url":null,"abstract":"<p>\u0000</p><ul>\u0000<li>Parent–offspring relationships present a paradox wherein parents must balance limited resources between provisioning their offspring to increase their chances of survival and maturation, and reserving resources for their own survival and future reproduction. Bryophytes provide a unique system to explore this relationship due to the dependency of sporophytes on parental gametophytes throughout their lifespan.</li>\u0000<li>We investigate the morphological evolution of gametophyte and sporophyte characters to test for evidence of coadaptation in the Dicranaceae Schimp. and Grimmiaceae Arn. We also examine these morphological features in Grimmiaceae species with different sexual systems to test for higher levels of parent–offspring conflict in species that are exclusively outcrossing. Our study is the first to test this prediction with empirical data.</li>\u0000<li>Our study reveals significant correlations between parental gametophyte and offspring sporophyte morphology, which provides evidence of coadaptation. We found that species with unisexual gametophytes have larger calyptrae, which may decrease offspring resource acquisition, as well as larger capsules and larger setae, which may increase resource acquisition, than species with bisexual gametophytes.</li>\u0000<li>These findings suggest that the sexual system influences the relationship between gametophyte and sporophyte morphology, indicating higher levels of parent–offspring conflict in outcrossing species.</li>\u0000</ul><p></p>","PeriodicalId":214,"journal":{"name":"New Phytologist","volume":"93 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143806030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"SapFlower: an automated tool for sap flow data preprocessing, gap-filling, and analysis using deep learning","authors":"Jiaxin Wang, Heidi J. Renninger","doi":"10.1111/nph.70107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.70107","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;h2&gt; Introduction&lt;/h2&gt;\u0000&lt;p&gt;Carbon and water cycles are fundamental to the Earth's climate system, with plants playing a key role through processes such as transpiration and carbon sequestration. Measuring plant water use is essential for understanding how ecosystems respond to changing environmental conditions, particularly in the context of climate change (Niu &lt;i&gt;et al&lt;/i&gt;., &lt;span&gt;2011&lt;/span&gt;). Sap flow, a measure of the movement of water through a plant's vascular system, is a critical indicator of plant transpiration and water use (Meinzer &lt;i&gt;et al&lt;/i&gt;., &lt;span&gt;2004&lt;/span&gt;). Understanding sap flow dynamics is essential for studying plant physiology, plant hydraulic functioning, budget of watersheds, ecosystem water cycles, and their responses to environmental stressors such as drought (Wilson &lt;i&gt;et al&lt;/i&gt;., &lt;span&gt;2001&lt;/span&gt;; Meinzer &lt;i&gt;et al&lt;/i&gt;., &lt;span&gt;2004&lt;/span&gt;; Steppe &lt;i&gt;et al&lt;/i&gt;., &lt;span&gt;2015&lt;/span&gt;; Zhu &lt;i&gt;et al&lt;/i&gt;., &lt;span&gt;2017&lt;/span&gt;). While recent efforts have advanced the synthesis of global sap flow data, such as SAPFLUXNET data, challenges in raw data cleaning and gap-filling continue to limit its broader accessibility and utility within the global research community (Poyatos &lt;i&gt;et al&lt;/i&gt;., &lt;span&gt;2016&lt;/span&gt;; Peters &lt;i&gt;et al&lt;/i&gt;., &lt;span&gt;2018&lt;/span&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;\u0000&lt;div&gt;The thermal dissipation probe (TDP) method, introduced by Granier (&lt;span&gt;1985&lt;/span&gt;), is a widely used, cost-effective technique for measuring sap flow in plants, particularly trees, by quantifying thermal dissipation (TD) caused by xylem sap flow (Granier, &lt;span&gt;1987&lt;/span&gt;; Smith &amp; Allen, &lt;span&gt;1996&lt;/span&gt;). It operates on the principle that sap flow cools a heated probe inserted into the sapwood, with the cooling rate proportional to sap flow velocity. The method employs two radially inserted probes: a heated probe, continuously warmed by an electric current, and a reference probe, which measures ambient wood temperature. The temperature difference (&lt;span data-altimg=\"/cms/asset/f7cb5f46-779a-42c0-b353-fafd68291800/nph70107-math-0001.png\"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;mjx-container ctxtmenu_counter=\"225\" ctxtmenu_oldtabindex=\"1\" jax=\"CHTML\" role=\"application\" sre-explorer- style=\"font-size: 103%; position: relative;\" tabindex=\"0\"&gt;&lt;mjx-math aria-hidden=\"true\" location=\"graphic/nph70107-math-0001.png\"&gt;&lt;mjx-semantics&gt;&lt;mjx-mrow data-semantic-annotation=\"clearspeak:simple;clearspeak:unit\" data-semantic-children=\"0,1\" data-semantic-content=\"2\" data-semantic- data-semantic-role=\"implicit\" data-semantic-speech=\"normal upper Delta upper T\" data-semantic-type=\"infixop\"&gt;&lt;mjx-mi data-semantic-annotation=\"clearspeak:simple\" data-semantic-font=\"normal\" data-semantic- data-semantic-parent=\"3\" data-semantic-role=\"greekletter\" data-semantic-type=\"identifier\"&gt;&lt;mjx-c&gt;&lt;/mjx-c&gt;&lt;/mjx-mi&gt;&lt;mjx-mo data-semantic-added=\"true\" data-semantic- data-semantic-operator=\"infixop,⁢\" data-semantic-parent=\"3\" data-semantic-role=\"multiplication\" data-semantic-type=\"operator\" style=\"margin-left: 0.056em; margin-right: 0.056em;\"&gt;","PeriodicalId":214,"journal":{"name":"New Phytologist","volume":"183 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143806031","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mixotrophy in orchids: facts, questions, and perspectives","authors":"Marc-André Selosse, Pierre-Louis Alaux, Lara Deloche, Etienne Delannoy, Julita Minasiewicz, Spyros Tsiftsis, Tomas Figura, Florent Martos","doi":"10.1111/nph.70106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.70106","url":null,"abstract":"While orchids germinate thanks to carbon from their symbiotic fungi, variable carbon exchanges exist between adult orchids and their mycorrhizal fungi. Although some truly autotrophic orchids reward their fungi with carbon at adulthood, some species remain achlorophyllous and fully dependent on fungal carbon (mycoheterotrophy). Others are photosynthetic but also import fungal carbon: The so-called mixotrophic (MX) orchids rely on fungi of diverse taxonomy and ecology. Here, we classify MX nutrition of orchids into three types. Type I mixotrophy associates with diverse Asco- and Basidiomycota that are either saprotrophic or ectomycorrhizal, entailing enrichment of the orchids in ²H, ¹³C, and ¹⁵N. The two other types associate with rhizoctonias, a polyphyletic assemblage of Basidiomycotas that is ancestrally mycorrhizal in orchids. Type II mixotrophy associates with rhizoctonias that secondarily evolved into saprotrophic or ectomycorrhizal ecology, and thus enrich the orchid in ²H, ¹³C, and ¹⁵N. Type III mixotrophy, which remains debated, associates with rhizoctonias that have retained their ancestral lifestyle, that is saprotrophic and/or endophytic in nonorchids, and only entail orchid enrichment in ²H and ¹⁵N. Based on a case study of achlorophyllous variants in Mediterranean <i>Ophrys</i> and on published data, we discuss the distinct nature and research perspectives of type III mixotrophy.","PeriodicalId":214,"journal":{"name":"New Phytologist","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143797992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nonadditive gene expression contributing to heterosis in partially heterozygous maize hybrids is predominantly regulated from heterozygous regions","authors":"Marion Pitz, Jutta A. Baldauf, Hans-Peter Piepho, Frank Hochholdinger","doi":"10.1111/nph.70128","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.70128","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;h2&gt; Introduction&lt;/h2&gt;\u0000&lt;p&gt;The term heterosis describes the observation that hybrid progeny of genetically distinct parents display superior agricultural performance (Shull, &lt;span&gt;1914&lt;/span&gt;). The introduction of hybrids in maize breeding in the 1930s is considered one of the landmark innovations of modern agriculture and has contributed to an enormous increase in yield (Duvick, &lt;span&gt;2005&lt;/span&gt;; Hochholdinger &amp; Baldauf, &lt;span&gt;2018&lt;/span&gt;; Hochholdinger &amp; Yu, &lt;span&gt;2024&lt;/span&gt;). It has been observed that the phylogenetic distance between the parental inbred lines is positively associated with heterosis (East, &lt;span&gt;1936&lt;/span&gt;). The observation that specific parent combinations result in especially high levels of heterosis has resulted in the definition of typical female and male heterotic groups (Reif &lt;i&gt;et al&lt;/i&gt;., &lt;span&gt;2005&lt;/span&gt;). Other crops, such as rice, also benefit from the classification of genotypes into heterotic groups and their combination as heterotic patterns (Melchinger &amp; Gumber, &lt;span&gt;1998&lt;/span&gt;; Beukert &lt;i&gt;et al&lt;/i&gt;., &lt;span&gt;2017&lt;/span&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;\u0000&lt;p&gt;Heterosis is observed in all parts of the plant throughout development, but is typically investigated for aboveground traits related to yield (Paril &lt;i&gt;et al&lt;/i&gt;., &lt;span&gt;2024&lt;/span&gt;). In maize roots, which play an important role in the overall performance of plants, heterosis becomes apparent 5–7 d after germination (Hoecker &lt;i&gt;et al&lt;/i&gt;., &lt;span&gt;2006&lt;/span&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;\u0000&lt;p&gt;Classical genetic concepts to explain heterosis include the dominance and overdominance models. The dominance model postulates that heterosis is caused by complementation of slightly deleterious alleles at many loci in the hybrid by dominant or at least stronger alleles (Jones, &lt;span&gt;1917&lt;/span&gt;). The overdominance model postulates that two different alleles at the same locus cause heterosis by their interaction and that the heterozygous state itself is advantageous to the homozygous situation of the parents (East, &lt;span&gt;1936&lt;/span&gt;). Despite examples of single genes displaying overdominance (Krieger &lt;i&gt;et al&lt;/i&gt;., &lt;span&gt;2010&lt;/span&gt;; Lin &lt;i&gt;et al&lt;/i&gt;., &lt;span&gt;2020&lt;/span&gt;), none of these models alone can fully explain heterosis (Duvick, &lt;span&gt;2001&lt;/span&gt;; Chen &amp; Birchler, &lt;span&gt;2013&lt;/span&gt;; Hochholdinger &amp; Yu, &lt;span&gt;2024&lt;/span&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;\u0000&lt;p&gt;Genes with differential expression between two maize lines can show a variety of expression levels in the resulting hybrid. They can display additive expression, reflecting the average expression of their parents, or deviate from this pattern and display nonadditive expression (Hochholdinger &amp; Hoecker, &lt;span&gt;2007&lt;/span&gt;). Depending on the surveyed tissues, developmental stages, and genotypes, maize displays a highly variable degree of nonadditive gene expression (Uzarowska &lt;i&gt;et al&lt;/i&gt;., &lt;span&gt;2007&lt;/span&gt;; Hoecker &lt;i&gt;et al&lt;/i&gt;., &lt;span&gt;2008&lt;/span&gt;; Paschold &lt;i&gt;et al&lt;/i&gt;., &lt;span&gt;2012&lt;/span&gt;; Zhang &lt;i&gt;et al&lt;/i&gt;., &lt;span&gt;2016&lt;/span&gt;). Reciprocal maize hybrids of B73 and Mo","PeriodicalId":214,"journal":{"name":"New Phytologist","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143789758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"TaDTGIP1-TaDTG6-BDel574-TaPIF1 module regulates drought stress response in wheat","authors":"Linying Du, Qiannan Wang, Li Ding, Fangfang Li, Chunhao Fang, Hanxiao Qu, Chen Wang, Ping Jiang, Bin Chen, Zhen Qin, Zhensheng Kang, Hude Mao","doi":"10.1111/nph.70123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.70123","url":null,"abstract":"<p>\u0000</p><ul>\u0000<li>Drought is a major environmental constraint to wheat production, yet the genetic and molecular mechanisms underlying drought tolerance remain poorly understood. A gain-of-function protein variant TaDTG6-B^Del574 has been identified and positively regulates <i>TaPIF1</i> transcription to enhance wheat drought tolerance. However, the precise molecular pathways driving this response are yet to be fully characterized.</li>\u0000<li>In this study, we demonstrate that TaPIF1 plays a crucial role in mediating wheat drought tolerance by regulating stomatal aperture to control transpiration. RNA sequencing combined with biochemical assays revealed that TaPIF1 directly binds to E-box elements to activate the expression of key stress-responsive genes, including <i>TaABI5</i>, <i>TaRD17</i>, and <i>TaP5CS1</i>. Notably, overexpression of <i>TaABI5</i> enhances wheat drought tolerance by promoting stomatal closure, thereby reducing water loss.</li>\u0000<li>Furthermore, TaPIF1 interacts with TaABI5 and the bHLH transcription factor TaAKS1 to synergistically enhancing the transcriptional activation of <i>TaABI5</i>, <i>TaRD17</i>, and <i>TaP5CS1</i>. Additionally, our findings verified that TaDTGIP1 interacts with TaDTG6-B^Del574 to attenuate its binding affinity and regulatory activity on the <i>TaPIF1</i> promoter, thereby negatively regulating drought tolerance.</li>\u0000<li>Together, our findings unveil the molecular mechanisms underlying wheat drought stress response mediated by the TaDTGIP1-TaDTG6-B^Del574-TaPIF1/TaABI5/TaAKS1-target regulatory module and identify potential candidate genes for breeding elite drought-tolerant wheat varieties.</li>\u0000</ul><p></p>","PeriodicalId":214,"journal":{"name":"New Phytologist","volume":"59 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143798386","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"‘Chimes of resilience’: what makes forest trees genetically resilient?","authors":"Antoine Kremer, Jun Chen, Martin Lascoux","doi":"10.1111/nph.70108","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.70108","url":null,"abstract":"SummaryForest trees are foundation species of many ecosystems and are challenged by global environmental changes. We assemble genetic facts and arguments supporting or undermining resilient responses of forest trees to those changes. Genetic resilience is understood here as the capacity of a species to restore its adaptive potential following environmental changes and disturbances. Importantly, the data come primarily from European temperate tree species with large distributions and consider only marginally species with small distributions. We first examine historical trajectories of trees during repeated climatic changes. Species that survived the Pliocene–Pleistocene transition and underwent the oscillations of glacial and interglacial periods were equipped with life history traits enhancing persistence and resilience. Evidence of their resilience also comes from the maintenance of large effective population sizes across time and rapid microevolutionary responses to recent climatic events. We then review genetic mechanisms and attributes shaping resilient responses. Usually, invoked constraints to resilience, such as genetic load or generation time and overlap, have limited consequences or are offset by positive impacts. Conversely, genetic plasticity, gene flow, introgression, genetic architecture of fitness‐related traits and demographic dynamics strengthen resilience by accelerating adaptive responses. Finally, we address the limitations of this review and highlight critical research gaps.","PeriodicalId":214,"journal":{"name":"New Phytologist","volume":"227 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143789759","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Photosynthetic traits scale linearly with relative height within the canopy in an African tropical forest","authors":"Thomas Sibret, Marc Peaucelle, Kristine Y. Crous, Félicien Meunier, Marijn Bauters, David S. Ellsworth, Ivan A. Janssens, Pascal Boeckx, Hans Verbeeck","doi":"10.1111/nph.70076","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.70076","url":null,"abstract":"<p>\u0000</p><ul>\u0000<li>Understanding leaf photosynthetic traits and their variation in tropical forests is crucial for improving model predictions of forest productivity, and accurately representing the high functional diversity in these forests remains a challenge. Moreover, leaf photosynthesis data are lacking for the tropical forest of the Congo basin.</li>\u0000<li>We observed photosynthetic, chemical and structural leaf traits of 24 woody species in a Congolese tropical forest and studied their variance across functional guilds, within-tree crown positions and overall canopy positions defined by their relative height within the canopy.</li>\u0000<li>Guild and crown position jointly influenced leaf traits, with a significant effect observed (marginal <i>R</i>² &gt; 0.43). The traditional guild classification explained a significant portion of the observed interspecies variation, revealing a clear gradient from shade-tolerant to light-demanding species. Crown position significantly affected intraindividual leaf trait variability, with bottom crown leaves exhibiting trait values at least 19.3% lower than top leaves. Importantly, the linear relationship between relative canopy height and leaf traits emerged as a robust and continuous metric, effectively integrating both inter- and intraspecific variability.</li>\u0000<li>We conclude that while guild-based classifications provide a useful framework for identifying plant functional groups, relative canopy height offers a robust and quantitative approach for capturing overall canopy trait variation, valuable for modeling canopy processes.</li>\u0000</ul><p></p>","PeriodicalId":214,"journal":{"name":"New Phytologist","volume":"58 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143798384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Plant phenology response to nitrogen addition decreases community biomass stability in an alpine meadow","authors":"Xiangrong Yang, Yaya Chen, Tianwu Zhang, Panhong Zhang, Zengpeng Guo, Li Huang, Guorui Hu, Hui Zhang, Miaojun Ma","doi":"10.1111/nph.70132","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.70132","url":null,"abstract":"Summary<jats:list list-type=\"bullet\"> <jats:list-item>Phenology is a sensitive indicator of plant responses to environmental changes, and its shifts could impact community structure and function. However, the effects of phenological shifts on community stability are poorly understood.</jats:list-item> <jats:list-item>We conducted a 4‐yr N enrichment and precipitation change experiment to assess their effects on community stability through phenological responses. To do so, we measured phenological duration and overlap (based on leaf‐out and flowering phenology of 55 species) in an alpine meadow on the Tibetan Plateau.</jats:list-item> <jats:list-item>N enrichment extended the vegetative stage of grasses, sedges, and community by 4.62, 4.72, and 11.74 d, respectively, but shortened that of forbs by 6.14 d and increased the overlap of flowering among individuals within the community. Meanwhile, N enrichment decreased species richness, asynchrony, and stability of sedges. Furthermore, N enrichment decreased community stability by decreasing asynchrony but was not associated with richness. Interestingly, N enrichment also decreased sedges stability by extending their vegetative stage and increasing the overlap of flowering, consequently reducing community stability.</jats:list-item> <jats:list-item>Our findings imply that N enrichment reduces phenological compensation and thus threatens grassland stability, which highlights the importance of phenological niches in understanding the maintenance of grassland stability under ongoing climate change.</jats:list-item> </jats:list>","PeriodicalId":214,"journal":{"name":"New Phytologist","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143784674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A trait spectrum linking nitrogen acquisition and carbon use of ectomycorrhizal fungi","authors":"Karolina Jörgensen, Karina E. Clemmensen, Petra Fransson, Stefano Manzoni, Håkan Wallander, Björn D. Lindahl","doi":"10.1111/nph.70129","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.70129","url":null,"abstract":"Trait spectra have been used in various branches of ecology to explain and predict patterns of species distributions. Several categorical and continuous traits have been proposed as relevant for ectomycorrhizal fungi, but a spectrum that unifies co-varying traits remains to be established and tested. Here, we propose a nitrogen acquisition and carbon use trait spectrum for ectomycorrhizal fungi in nitrogen-limited forests, which encompasses several morphological, physiological, and metabolic traits. Using a simple stoichiometric model, the trait spectrum is linked to the concept of apparent carbon use efficiency and resolves the contradiction that species with high supply of host carbon can maintain nitrogen transfer despite building large mycelial biomass. We suggest that ectomycorrhizal fungal species are distributed along this spectrum, with lifestyles ranging from ‘absorbers’ with a niche in high productive forests with high availability of soluble nitrogen to ‘miners’ with the ability to exploit organic matter in forests with low nitrogen availability. Further, we propose ways to test the outlined trait spectrum empirically.","PeriodicalId":214,"journal":{"name":"New Phytologist","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143784732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"MYB47 delays leaf senescence by modulating jasmonate pathway via direct regulation of CYP94B3/CYP94C1 expression in Arabidopsis","authors":"Jie Cao, Qi Yang, Yaning Zhao, Shuya Tan, Shichun Li, Dawei Cheng, Ruxue Zhang, Murao Zhang, Zhonghai Li","doi":"10.1111/nph.70133","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.70133","url":null,"abstract":"Summary<jats:list list-type=\"bullet\"> <jats:list-item>Leaf senescence is a complex genetic process intricately regulated by multiple layers of control. Transcription factors, as master regulators of gene expression, play crucial roles in initiating and progressing leaf senescence.</jats:list-item> <jats:list-item>Through screening an activation‐tagged mutant library, we identified MYB47 as a negative regulator of leaf senescence. Constitutive or inducible overexpression of <jats:italic>MYB47</jats:italic> significantly delays leaf senescence, while loss‐of‐function mutants exhibit accelerated senescence. Transcriptome analysis revealed a marked suppression of jasmonic acid (JA) signaling in <jats:italic>MYB47</jats:italic> overexpression lines. Conversely, the <jats:italic>myb47</jats:italic> mutants display elevated JA levels and reduced expression of JA catabolic genes, <jats:italic>CYP94B3</jats:italic> and <jats:italic>CYP94C1</jats:italic>.</jats:list-item> <jats:list-item>Biochemical evidence demonstrated that MYB47 directly binds to the promoters of <jats:italic>CYP94B3</jats:italic> and <jats:italic>CYP94C1</jats:italic>, upregulating their expression. Consequently, JA contents are significantly reduced in <jats:italic>MYB47</jats:italic> overexpression lines. Overexpressing <jats:italic>CYP94B3</jats:italic> or <jats:italic>CYP94C1</jats:italic> in <jats:italic>myb47</jats:italic> mutants alleviates their early senescence phenotype. Furthermore, JA induces <jats:italic>MYB47</jats:italic> expression, forming a negative feedback loop (JA‐MYB47‐CYP94B3/C1‐JA) that fine‐tunes leaf senescence.</jats:list-item> <jats:list-item>Our findings reveal a novel regulatory module involving MYB47 and JA signaling that governs leaf senescence. By stimulating JA catabolism and attenuating JA signaling, MYB47 plays a crucial role in delaying leaf senescence.</jats:list-item> </jats:list>","PeriodicalId":214,"journal":{"name":"New Phytologist","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143784675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}