New Phytologist最新文献

{"title":"A thaumatin-like effector protein suppresses the rust resistance of wheat and promotes the pathogenicity of Puccinia triticina by targeting TaRCA","authors":"Jiaying Chang, Johannes Mapuranga, Xiaodong Wang, Haijiao Dong, Ruolin Li, Yingdan Zhang, Hao Li, Jie Shi, Wenxiang Yang","doi":"10.1111/nph.20142","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.20142","url":null,"abstract":"<h2> Introduction</h2>\u0000<p>Naturally, plants are continuously threatened by various biotic and abiotic stresses, and the most common biotic stresses include phytopathogenic bacteria, viruses, and fungi, etc. However, plants have developed a sophisticated multilayered immune system to protect themselves against attacks from potential pathogens (Dodds & Rathjen, <span>2010</span>; Jones <i>et al</i>., <span>2024</span>). When a pathogen infects a host plant, plants first significantly upregulate the expression of pathogenesis-related (PR) genes to initiate the first line of defense (Fisher <i>et al</i>., <span>2012</span>; Dos & Franco, <span>2023</span>). Currently, 19 classes of PR proteins have been discovered based on structural similarity and functional activity (Dos & Franco, <span>2023</span>; Li <i>et al</i>., <span>2023</span>), among which the sweet-tasting thaumatin homologs, thaumatin-like proteins (TLPs) isolated from <i>Thaumatococcus danielli</i>, belong to the PR-5 family (Liu <i>et al</i>., <span>2019</span>; Nawrot <i>et al</i>., <span>2021</span>). Research indicates that TLPs play a crucial role in plant responses to both biotic and abiotic stresses. For example, the stable expression of TaTLP1 in wheat enhanced resistance to <i>Pt</i> and common root rot (Cui <i>et al</i>., <span>2021</span>). <i>AnTLP13</i> from <i>Ammopiptanthus nanus</i> localizes in the apoplast and overexpression of <i>AnTLP13</i> in tobacco enhanced its tolerance to low-temperature stress (Liu <i>et al</i>., <span>2023</span>). Wheat TaLr35PR5 is involved in the <i>Lr35</i>-mediated defense response of adult wheat against leaf rust disease (Zhang <i>et al</i>., <span>2018</span>). Silencing of <i>GhTLP19</i> rendered cotton more sensitive to drought and <i>Verticillium dahlia</i>, whereas overexpressing it in transgenic <i>Arabidopsis</i> enhanced drought tolerance (Li <i>et al</i>., <span>2020</span>). TLP proteins purified from bananas trigger antifungal activity by inducing membrane disruption and cell wall disintegration in fungi (Jiao <i>et al</i>., <span>2018</span>). Currently, there is limited research on the function of TLPs in fungi. The effector protein PTTG_04779 in wheat leaf rust fungus contains a thaumatin domain and has been identified as a candidate protein for AvrLr19, which can inhibit BAX-induced programmed cell death in tobacco cells (Cui <i>et al</i>., <span>2023</span>). However, the impact of TLP proteins in fungi on their pathogenicity has not been reported. Therefore, investigating the role of TLPs in the fungal pathogenic process is of significant importance for elucidating the pathogenic mechanism of the pathogen.</p>\u0000<p>The chloroplast plays a pivotal role in oxygenic photosynthesis and primary metabolism, which are important targets in the intricate virulence strategies of many pathogens. Recently, the chloroplast have been recognized as crucial hubs of immune signaling, serving as a fundamental component in the in","PeriodicalId":214,"journal":{"name":"New Phytologist","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142237068","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An allometry perspective on crops","authors":"Adrianus J. Westgeest, François Vasseur, Brian J. Enquist, Rubén Milla, Alicia Gómez‐Fernández, David Pot, Denis Vile, Cyrille Violle","doi":"10.1111/nph.20129","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.20129","url":null,"abstract":"SummaryUnderstanding trait–trait coordination is essential for successful plant breeding and crop modeling. Notably, plant size drives variation in morphological, physiological, and performance‐related traits, as described by allometric laws in ecology. Yet, as allometric relationships have been limitedly studied in crops, how they influence and possibly limit crop performance remains unknown. Here, we review how an allometry perspective on crops gains insights into the phenotypic evolution during crop domestication, the breeding of varieties adapted to novel conditions, and the prediction of crop yields. As allometry is an active field of research, modeling and manipulating crop allometric relationships can help to develop more resilient and productive agricultural systems to face future challenges.","PeriodicalId":214,"journal":{"name":"New Phytologist","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142236224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Photosynthetic ROS and retrograde signaling pathways","authors":"Keun Pyo Lee, Chanhong Kim","doi":"10.1111/nph.20134","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.20134","url":null,"abstract":"SummarySessile plants harness mitochondria and chloroplasts to sense and adapt to diverse environmental stimuli. These complex processes involve the generation of pivotal signaling molecules, including reactive oxygen species (ROS), phytohormones, volatiles, and diverse metabolites. Furthermore, the specific modulation of chloroplast proteins, through activation or deactivation, significantly enhances the plant's capacity to engage with its dynamic surroundings. While existing reviews have extensively covered the role of plastidial retrograde modules in developmental and light signaling, our focus lies in investigating how chloroplasts leverage photosynthetic ROS to navigate environmental fluctuations and counteract oxidative stress, thereby sustaining primary metabolism. Unraveling the nuanced interplay between photosynthetic ROS and plant stress responses holds promise for uncovering new insights that could reinforce stress resistance and optimize net photosynthesis rates. This exploration aspires to pave the way for innovative strategies to enhance plant resilience and agricultural productivity amidst changing environmental conditions.","PeriodicalId":214,"journal":{"name":"New Phytologist","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142236230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Streamlined screening platforms lead to the discovery of pachysiphine synthase from Tabernanthe iboga","authors":"Mohamed O. Kamileen, Yoko Nakamura, Katrin Luck, Sarah Heinicke, Benke Hong, Maite Colinas, Benjamin R. Lichman, Sarah E. O'Connor","doi":"10.1111/nph.20133","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.20133","url":null,"abstract":"Summary<jats:list list-type=\"bullet\"> <jats:list-item>Plant‐specialized metabolism is largely driven by the oxidative tailoring of key chemical scaffolds catalyzed by cytochrome P450 (CYP450s) enzymes. Monoterpene indole alkaloids (MIAs) tabersonine and pseudo‐tabersonine, found in the medicinal plant <jats:italic>Tabernanthe iboga</jats:italic> (commonly known as iboga), are tailored with oxidations, and the enzymes involved remain unknown.</jats:list-item> <jats:list-item>Here, we developed a streamlined screening strategy to test the activity of <jats:italic>T. iboga</jats:italic> CYP450s in <jats:italic>Nicotiana benthamiana</jats:italic>. Using multigene constructs encoding the biosynthesis of tabersonine and pseudo‐tabersonine scaffolds, we aimed to uncover the CYP450s responsible for oxidative transformations in these scaffolds.</jats:list-item> <jats:list-item>Our approach identified two <jats:italic>T. iboga</jats:italic> cytochrome P450 enzymes: pachysiphine synthase (PS) and 16‐hydroxy‐tabersonine synthase (T16H). These enzymes catalyze an epoxidation and site‐specific hydroxylation of tabersonine to produce pachysiphine and 16‐OH‐tabersonine, respectively.</jats:list-item> <jats:list-item>This work provides new insights into the biosynthetic pathways of MIAs and underscores the utility of <jats:italic>N. benthamiana</jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Catharanthus roseus</jats:italic> as platforms for the functional characterization of plant enzymes.</jats:list-item> </jats:list>","PeriodicalId":214,"journal":{"name":"New Phytologist","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142236223","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The small RNA biogenesis in rice is regulated by MAP kinase‐mediated OsCDKD phosphorylation","authors":"Dhanraj Singh, Neetu Verma, Balakrishnan Rengasamy, Gopal Banerjee, Alok Krishna Sinha","doi":"10.1111/nph.20116","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.20116","url":null,"abstract":"Summary<jats:list list-type=\"bullet\"> <jats:list-item>CDKs are the master regulator of cell division and their activity is controlled by the regulatory subunit cyclins and phosphorylation by the CAKs. However, the role of MAP kinases in regulating plant cell cycle or CDKs have not been explored.</jats:list-item> <jats:list-item>Here, we report that the MAP kinases OsMPK3, OsMPK4, and OsMPK6 physically interact and phosphorylate OsCDKD and its regulatory subunit OsCYCH in rice. MAP kinases phosphorylate CDKD at Ser‐168 and Thr‐235 residues in OsCDKD. The MAP kinase‐mediated phosphorylation of OsCDKD is required for its activation to control the small RNA biogenesis. The phosphodead version of OsCDKD fails to activate the C‐terminal domain of RNA Polymerase II, thereby negatively impacting small RNA transcription.</jats:list-item> <jats:list-item>Further, the overexpression lines of wild‐type (WT) <jats:italic>OsCDKD</jats:italic> and phosphomimic <jats:italic>OsCDKD</jats:italic> show increased root growth, plant height, tiller number, panicle number, and seed number in comparison to WT, phosphodead <jats:italic>OsCDKD</jats:italic>‐OE, and kinase‐dead <jats:italic>OsCDKD</jats:italic>‐OE plants.</jats:list-item> <jats:list-item>In a nutshell, our study establishes a novel regulation of OsCDKD by MAPK‐mediated phosphorylation in rice. The phosphorylation of OsCDKD by MAPKs imparts a positive effect on rice growth and development by regulating miRNAs transcription.</jats:list-item> </jats:list>","PeriodicalId":214,"journal":{"name":"New Phytologist","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142236225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thermal acclimation of ecosystem processes to climate warming","authors":"Jinsong Wang, Shuli Niu","doi":"10.1111/nph.20131","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.20131","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;The Earth's climate is changing rapidly, with temperature increases posing significant challenges to the biosphere. How the timing of life-history events in organisms, which is closely linked to many ecosystem functions, responds to increasing global temperatures is an emerging ecological frontier (Liu &lt;i&gt;et al&lt;/i&gt;., &lt;span&gt;2022&lt;/span&gt;). In a recent &lt;i&gt;New Phytologist&lt;/i&gt; article, Lu &lt;i&gt;et al&lt;/i&gt;. (&lt;span&gt;2024&lt;/span&gt;, doi: 10.1111/nph.20019) show that plant phenology responses to elevated temperatures level off with warming magnitude and experimental duration. This provides solid empirical evidence for the acclimation of plant phenology to higher and longer warming. &lt;blockquote&gt;&lt;p&gt;‘In addition to the activities related to these recurring biological events, other ecosystem processes are likely to acclimate to climate warming as well.’&lt;/p&gt;\u0000&lt;div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;\u0000&lt;/blockquote&gt;\u0000&lt;/div&gt;\u0000&lt;p&gt;Plant phenology has showed complex responses to climate warming, with implications for a wide range of ecosystem functions and services. However, whether the responses of plant phenophases will strengthen or weaken with greater degrees of warming or long-term warming remains a challenge for ecological research. Using a global meta-analysis of 103 experimental warming studies, Lu &lt;i&gt;et al&lt;/i&gt;. show that: (1) the response of plant phenology levels off with increasing warming magnitude for herbaceous plants, but not for woody plants; and (2) warming effects on plant phenology also diminish with longer experimental duration, and the slowed rates are regulated by climatic factors. Although previous studies have already found the attenuated leaf-out response to rising warming magnitude in temperate species (Fu &lt;i&gt;et al&lt;/i&gt;., &lt;span&gt;2015&lt;/span&gt;), the study by Lu &lt;i&gt;et al&lt;/i&gt;. provides new evidence for long-term thermal acclimation of different plant phenophases at the global scale. These findings highlight that as climate warming continues; shifts in plant phenology may be less than anticipated.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000&lt;p&gt;In addition to the activities related to these recurring biological events, other ecosystem processes are likely to acclimate to climate warming as well. For example, it is well characterized that plant photosynthesis increases with temperature and reaches an optimum temperature, beyond which photosynthetic rates decline (Sendall &lt;i&gt;et al&lt;/i&gt;., &lt;span&gt;2015&lt;/span&gt;). Gross primary production (GPP), which is jointly controlled by plant phenology and photosynthesis (Xia &lt;i&gt;et al&lt;/i&gt;., &lt;span&gt;2015&lt;/span&gt;), generally increases with temperature until it reaches an optimal temperature, beyond which GPP declines at higher temperatures (Fig. 1) (Huang &lt;i&gt;et al&lt;/i&gt;., &lt;span&gt;2019&lt;/span&gt;; Wang &lt;i&gt;et al&lt;/i&gt;., &lt;span&gt;2023&lt;/span&gt;). Similarly, recent studies suggest widespread optimum temperatures of respiration at leaves, microbes, and ecosystems to global scales (Niu &lt;i&gt;et al&lt;/i&gt;., &lt;span&gt;2024&lt;/span&gt;). The widespread thermal optimality of GPP also leads to an optimum temperature of net ecosystem exchange","PeriodicalId":214,"journal":{"name":"New Phytologist","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142235380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Current challenges for plant biology research in the Global South","authors":"Gabriela Auge, Rohan Shawn Sunil, Robert A. Ingle, Puthan Valappil Rahul, Marek Mutwil, José M. Estevez","doi":"10.1111/nph.20083","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.20083","url":null,"abstract":"In an attempt to address the large inequities faced by the plant biology communities from the Global South (i.e. countries located around the tropics and the Southern Hemisphere) at international conferences, this Viewpoint is the reflexive thinking arising from the concurrent session titled ‘Arabidopsis and its translational research in the Global South’ organized at the International Conference of Arabidopsis Research 2023 (ICAR 2023) in Chiba, Japan in June 2023. Here, we highlight the main obstacles plant biology communities in the Global South face in terms of knowledge production, as measured by the unequal production and citation of publications, investigating and advancing local plant genomics and biodiversity, combating disparities in gender and diversity, and current initiatives to break isolation of scientists.","PeriodicalId":214,"journal":{"name":"New Phytologist","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142234050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of randomly mutated AlSRKb genes reveals that most loss-of-function mutations cause defects in plasma membrane localization","authors":"Masaya Yamamoto, Shotaro Ohtake, Akihisa Shinozawa, Matsuyuki Shirota, Yuki Mitsui, Hiroyasu Kitashiba","doi":"10.1111/nph.20111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.20111","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;h2&gt; Introduction&lt;/h2&gt;\u0000&lt;p&gt;Errors in DNA replication that result in a change in the DNA sequence produce nucleotide variation in living organisms. Although nonsynonymous variants may cause genes to lose their function or develop new ones, some have no effect on the functions of genes. Advances in sequencing technology over the past two decades have revealed the full picture of DNA polymorphisms across a genome (Hu &lt;i&gt;et al&lt;/i&gt;., &lt;span&gt;2021&lt;/span&gt;), enabling the construction of genome-wide association study (GWAS) platforms in many organisms (Alseekh &lt;i&gt;et al&lt;/i&gt;., &lt;span&gt;2021&lt;/span&gt;). Identifying the causative single nucleotide variants (SNVs) within the set of genome-wide DNA polymorphisms is a crucial step in genetic analysis, but also the most difficult (Witte, &lt;span&gt;2010&lt;/span&gt;). Therefore, knowing the characteristics of nonsynonymous variants that affect gene function will be useful for finding causative SNVs in GWAS and quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping analyses, and will also contribute to resolving the pressing challenges facing agriculture and human healthcare.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000&lt;p&gt;To analyze the characteristics of nonsynonymous variants (mutations) with large influences on gene function, we focused on the &lt;i&gt;S-locus receptor kinase&lt;/i&gt; (&lt;i&gt;SRK&lt;/i&gt;) gene, a gene whose protein product functions as the female determinant of self-incompatibility (SI) in the Brassicaceae (Stein &lt;i&gt;et al&lt;/i&gt;., &lt;span&gt;1991&lt;/span&gt;; Takasaki &lt;i&gt;et al&lt;/i&gt;., &lt;span&gt;2000&lt;/span&gt;). SI enables plants to avoid self-fertilization; by facilitating cross-fertilization, it avoids inbreeding depression and maintains genetic variation. About 40% of Angiosperm families show SI (McCubbin &amp; Kao, &lt;span&gt;2000&lt;/span&gt;; Barrett, &lt;span&gt;2002&lt;/span&gt;; Igić &amp; Kohn, &lt;span&gt;2006&lt;/span&gt;). SI is usually determined by a single locus, the &lt;i&gt;S&lt;/i&gt; locus, which contains several genes and forms a distinctive haplotype, called the &lt;i&gt;S&lt;/i&gt; haplotype (Silva &amp; Goring, &lt;span&gt;2001&lt;/span&gt;). Population genetic theory predicts that many &lt;i&gt;S&lt;/i&gt; haplotypes should be maintained, given that individuals possessing rare &lt;i&gt;S&lt;/i&gt; haplotypes have more mating opportunities than those carrying common haplotypes (Wright, &lt;span&gt;1939&lt;/span&gt;; Schierup, &lt;span&gt;1998&lt;/span&gt;). Consistent with this, more than 50 &lt;i&gt;S&lt;/i&gt; haplotypes, each of which shows different self-recognition activity, are known from cultivated &lt;i&gt;Brassica&lt;/i&gt; species (Oikawa &lt;i&gt;et al&lt;/i&gt;., &lt;span&gt;2011&lt;/span&gt;; Yamamoto &lt;i&gt;et al&lt;/i&gt;., &lt;span&gt;2023&lt;/span&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;\u0000&lt;p&gt;SI in the Brassicaceae is genetically controlled by two tightly linked, highly polymorphic genes within the &lt;i&gt;S&lt;/i&gt; locus. &lt;i&gt;S-locus receptor kinase&lt;/i&gt; (&lt;i&gt;SRK&lt;/i&gt;) encodes a plasma membrane-localized receptor kinase expressed in stigmatic papillae cells (Stein &lt;i&gt;et al&lt;/i&gt;., &lt;span&gt;1991&lt;/span&gt;; Takasaki &lt;i&gt;et al&lt;/i&gt;., &lt;span&gt;2000&lt;/span&gt;) and &lt;i&gt;S-locus cysteine-rich protein&lt;/i&gt;/&lt;i&gt;S-locus protein 11&lt;/i&gt; (&lt;i&gt;SCR&lt;/i&gt;/&lt;i&gt;SP11&lt;/i&gt;, hereafter referred to as &lt;i&gt;SCR&lt;/i&gt;) encodes a cysteine-rich peptide l","PeriodicalId":214,"journal":{"name":"New Phytologist","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142237014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Weak link or strong foundation? Vulnerability of fine root networks and stems to xylem embolism","authors":"Beatrice L. Harrison Day, Craig R. Brodersen, Timothy J. Brodribb","doi":"10.1111/nph.20115","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.20115","url":null,"abstract":"Summary<jats:list list-type=\"bullet\"> <jats:list-item>Resolving the position of roots in the whole‐plant hierarchy of drought‐induced xylem embolism resistance is fundamental for predicting when species become isolated from soil water resources. Published research generally suggests that roots are the most vulnerable organ of the plant vascular system, although estimates vary significantly. However, our knowledge of root embolism excludes the fine roots (&lt; 2 mm diameter) that form the bulk of total absorptive surface area of the root network for water and nutrient uptake.</jats:list-item> <jats:list-item>We measured fine root and stem xylem vulnerability in 10 vascular plant species from the major land plant clades (five angiosperms, three conifers, a fern and lycophyte), using standardised <jats:italic>in situ</jats:italic> methods (Optical Methods and MicroCT).</jats:list-item> <jats:list-item>Mean fine root embolism resistance across the network matched or exceeded stems in all study species. In six of these species (one fern, one lycophyte, three conifers and one angiosperm), fine roots were significantly more embolism resistant than stems. No clear relationship was found between root xylem conduit diameter and vulnerability.</jats:list-item> <jats:list-item>These results provide insight into the resistance of the plant hydraulic pathway at the site of water and nutrient uptake, and challenge the long‐standing assumption that fine roots are more vulnerable than stems.</jats:list-item> </jats:list>","PeriodicalId":214,"journal":{"name":"New Phytologist","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142231552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gene editing of economic macroalga Neopyropia yezoensis (Rhodophyta) will promote its development into a model species of marine algae","authors":"Hong Wang, Xiujun Xie, Wenhui Gu, Zhenbing Zheng, Jintao Zhuo, Zhizhuo Shao, Li Huan, Baoyu Zhang, Jianfeng Niu, Shan Gao, Xulei Wang, Guangce Wang","doi":"10.1111/nph.20123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.20123","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":214,"journal":{"name":"New Phytologist","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142231555","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}