New Phytologist最新文献

{"title":"A positive feedback loop of cytokinin signaling ensures efficient de novo shoot regeneration in Arabidopsis","authors":"Kyounghee Lee, Hobin Yoon, Ok-Sun Park, Pil Joon Seo","doi":"10.1111/nph.20409","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.20409","url":null,"abstract":"<h2> Introduction</h2>\u0000<p>Plants possess a remarkable ability to regenerate tissues, which enables the healing of wounds and the induction of <i>de novo</i> organogenesis. <i>In vitro</i> plant tissue culture techniques are based on the regenerative capacity of plants and facilitate the reprogramming of differentiated somatic cells into a new organ or even an entire plant (Sugimoto <i>et al</i>., <span>2010</span>). Differentiated plant tissues are used as explants to generate a pluripotent cell mass, called callus, on auxin-rich callus-inducing medium (CIM) (Ikeuchi <i>et al</i>., <span>2013</span>; Zhai & Xu, <span>2021</span>; Yin <i>et al</i>., <span>2024</span>). Subsequently, the callus undergoes <i>de novo</i> shoot regeneration on cytokinin-rich shoot-inducing medium (SIM) (Che <i>et al</i>., <span>2007</span>). A particular emphasis has been placed on <i>de novo</i> shoot organogenesis because the low shoot regeneration rate frequently limits <i>in vitro</i> plant regeneration in many species (Ijaz <i>et al</i>., <span>2012</span>; Zimik & Arumugam, <span>2017</span>).</p>\u0000<p>Consistent with the fact that <i>de novo</i> shoot regeneration during <i>in vitro</i> tissue culture involves the conversion from callus cells to shoot meristem (Meng <i>et al</i>., <span>2017</span>; Ogura <i>et al</i>., <span>2023</span>), key regulators of shoot apical meristem (SAM) establishment are implicated in <i>de novo</i> shoot regeneration (Ikeuchi <i>et al</i>., <span>2016</span>; Eshed Williams, <span>2021</span>; Mathew & Prasad, <span>2021</span>). The <i>PLETHORA 3</i> (<i>PLT3</i>), <i>PLT5</i>, and <i>PLT7</i> genes, which are expressed in the whole process of plant regeneration, play a particular role in shoot progenitor formation. Upon transferring to SIM, they are specifically expressed in shoot progenitor cells and promote promeristem formation by activating <i>CUP-SHAPED COTYLEDON 1</i> (<i>CUC1</i>) and <i>CUC2</i> (Kareem <i>et al</i>., <span>2015</span>). The CUC1 and CUC2 proteins are involved in promoting <i>SHOOT MERISTEMLESS</i> (<i>STM</i>) expression and polarizing PIN-FORMED 1 (PIN1) localization to initiate shoot meristem development (Hibara <i>et al</i>., <span>2003</span>; Bilsborough <i>et al</i>., <span>2011</span>; Kamiuchi <i>et al</i>., <span>2014</span>; Kareem <i>et al</i>., <span>2015</span>). CUC2 also activates the expression of <i>XYLOGLUCAN ENDOTRANSGLUCOSYLASE</i>/<i>HYDROLASE 9</i> (<i>XTH9</i>) encoding a cell wall-loosening enzyme in nonprogenitor cells and contributes to establishing cell polarity for meristem formation (Varapparambath <i>et al</i>., <span>2022</span>). Additionally, the main cytokinin regulatory axis is linked to the establishment of shoot stem cells in callus. Type-B ARABIDOPSIS RESPONSE REGULATORs (ARRs), positive regulators of cytokinin signaling, directly promote the expression of <i>WUSCHEL</i> (<i>WUS</i>), which unequivocally regulates the formation of the shoot stem cell nic","PeriodicalId":214,"journal":{"name":"New Phytologist","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143056874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The asymmetry engine: how plants harness asymmetries to shape their bodies","authors":"Kristoffer Jonsson, Anne-Lise Routier-Kierzkowska, Rishikesh P. Bhalerao","doi":"10.1111/nph.20413","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.20413","url":null,"abstract":"Plant development depends on growth asymmetry to establish body plans and adapt to environmental stimuli. We explore how plants initiate, propagate, and regulate organ-wide growth asymmetries. External cues, such as light and gravity, and internal signals, including stochastic cellular growth variability, drive these asymmetries. The plant hormone auxin orchestrates growth asymmetry through its distribution and transport. Mechanochemical feedback loops, exemplified by apical hook formation, further amplify growth asymmetries, illustrating the dynamic interplay between biochemical signals and physical forces. Growth asymmetry itself can serve as a continuous cue, influencing subsequent growth decisions. By examining specific cellular programs and their responses to asymmetric cues, we propose that the decision to either amplify or dampen these asymmetries is key to shaping plant organs.","PeriodicalId":214,"journal":{"name":"New Phytologist","volume":"84 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143050864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"When lettuce bolts: natural selection vs artificial selection and beyond","authors":"Dandan Yang, Cao Xu","doi":"10.1111/nph.20402","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.20402","url":null,"abstract":"<div>Bolting, the phase transition from vegetative to reproductive development, is a critical step of flowering plants. Determining the timing of bolting is a pivotal life history trait that has evolved over time to optimize reproductive success across diverse environments (Jung & Müller, <span>2009</span>). In crops like lettuce (<i>Lactuca sativa</i> L.), which is primarily cultivated for its edible rosette leaves, bolting marks the end of vegetative leaf production and the onset of flowering (Van Treuren <i>et al</i>., <span>2012</span>). Premature bolting significantly reduces the biomass of vegetative growth in lettuce. Notably, the initiation of flower signaling causes biochemical changes that lead to the accumulation of latex in the leaves, resulting in an undesirable bitter taste and compromising crop quality (Simonne <i>et al</i>., <span>2002</span>). Therefore, unraveling the regulatory networks governing the vegetative–flowering transition would contribute to developing lettuce cultivars resistant to premature bolting. A new paper by Qi <i>et al</i>., recently published in <i>New Phytologist</i> (<span>2024</span>, doi: 10.1111/nph.20307), identified a key bolting regulator, the LsKN1 (KNOTTED 1) transcription factor, in this process. A natural variation allele of <i>LsKN1</i> can modulate the gibberellin (GA) pathway to delay bolting in modern lettuce. This discovery not only advances our understanding of lettuce bolting but also highlights the potential of leveraging natural genetic diversity to improve crop traits and deal with environmental challenges. <blockquote><p>‘Qi et al.'s research exemplifies the power of leveraging natural genetic diversity to address key agricultural challenges.’</p>\u0000<div></div>\u0000</blockquote>\u0000</div>\u0000<p>The vegetative–flowering transition is regulated by a complex network of genetic and environmental factors. Over the past decade, many genes have been implicated in the control of flowering time in <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i> (Bouché <i>et al</i>., <span>2016</span>). Investigating homologous genes and their regulatory mechanisms has provided insights into the molecular mechanism of bolting in lettuce (Fukuda <i>et al</i>., <span>2011</span>, <span>2017</span>). However, lettuce has a more complex genome and unique features in terms of vegetable crop traits compared with Arabidopsis. Modern lettuce variants exhibit tremendous morphological variation, especially regarding the rate of transition to flowering (Ryder, <span>1988</span>; Zhang <i>et al</i>., <span>2017</span>). Genetic variation in lettuce not only serves as a crucial resource for breeding and improvement but also offers opportunities to identify key genes for bolting. In this study, Qi <i>et al</i>. generated a segregating population by crossing a crisphead-type cultivar with a stem-type cultivar to map the <i>LsKN1</i> allele. They demonstrate that the activated allele, LsKN1<sup>TP</sup>, resulting from a CACTA-like transposon insertion, ","PeriodicalId":214,"journal":{"name":"New Phytologist","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143030977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Metabolic modeling identifies determinants of thermal growth responses in Arabidopsis thaliana","authors":"Philipp Wendering, Gregory M. Andreou, Roosa A. E. Laitinen, Zoran Nikoloski","doi":"10.1111/nph.20420","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.20420","url":null,"abstract":"<h2> Introduction</h2>\u0000<p>Global food security depends on crop yields that are severely threatened by more fluctuating and increasing temperatures – a hallmark of future climate scenarios (Wheeler & von Braun, <span>2013</span>). Ambient temperature affects all aspects of the plant life cycle, from development and growth to reproduction (Casal & Balasubramanian, <span>2019</span>; Zhu <i>et al</i>., <span>2022</span>). Plant responses to temperature changes are most immediately observed at the level of metabolism, followed by changes in gene expression to reestablish homeostasis (Casal & Balasubramanian, <span>2019</span>). Considering that metabolism is tightly linked to plant growth (Meyer <i>et al</i>., <span>2007</span>; Pyl <i>et al</i>., <span>2012</span>), metabolic changes can facilitate rapid plant adaptation to temperature changes at a minimal growth penalty. While we understand that metabolic flexibility is achieved by rerouting nutrient flows within the plant metabolic network, we know little about (1) which enzymes limit plant metabolic changes in temperature? And (2) how these limits emerge from temperature-dependent biochemical constraints under which the metabolic network operates? The availability of a mathematical model that can accurately predict genetic and molecular determinants that affect plant temperature responses will address both questions.</p>\u0000<p>A few metabolic models have already considered the effect of temperature on processes that directly affect plant growth (Clark <i>et al</i>., <span>2020</span>; Wendering & Nikoloski, <span>2023</span>). For instance, the classical mathematical model of C<sub>3</sub> photosynthesis (Farquhar <i>et al</i>., <span>1980</span>) – an indispensable metabolic pathway for photoautotrophic growth – has been extended to predict effects of temperature changes in net CO<sub>2</sub> assimilation (Scafaro <i>et al</i>., <span>2023</span>). However, this and other modeling efforts addressing responses of metabolic pathways to temperature change (Kannan <i>et al</i>., <span>2019</span>; Herrmann <i>et al</i>., <span>2020</span>; Inoue & Noguchi, <span>2021</span>) consider only a few, lumped metabolic reactions. As a result, these models cannot be used to identify all gene targets modulating plant thermal responses, thus restricting their capacity to predict mitigation strategies. In addition, they cannot be used to make predictions about plant growth responses, due to the limited focus on one selected metabolic pathway. By contrast, genome-scale metabolic models, representing the entirety of known metabolic reactions in a system, have been successfully used to predict growth-related phenotypes and genetic engineering strategies for their modulation using approaches from the constraint-based modeling framework (Herrmann <i>et al</i>., <span>2019</span>; Tong <i>et al</i>., <span>2023</span>; Wendering & Nikoloski, <span>2023</span>). These models allow the design of r","PeriodicalId":214,"journal":{"name":"New Phytologist","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143030729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Glycoside-specific metabolomics reveals the novel mechanism of glycinebetaine-induced cold tolerance by regulating apigenin glycosylation in tea plants","authors":"Shan Huang, Sasa Zhang, Xuejing Ma, Xin Zheng, Yaojia Liu, Qinghua Zhu, Xiaoqin Luo, Jilai Cui, Chuankui Song","doi":"10.1111/nph.20410","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.20410","url":null,"abstract":"<p>\u0000</p><ul>\u0000<li>Glycosylation is a key modification that affects secondary metabolites under stress and is influenced by glycinebetaine (GB) to regulate plant stress tolerance. However, the complexity and detection challenges of glycosides hinder our understanding of the regulatory mechanisms of their metabolic interaction with GB during stress.</li>\u0000<li>A glycoside-specific metabolomic approach utilizing cone voltage-induced in-source dissociation was developed, achieving precise and high-throughput detection of glycosides in tea plants by narrowing the target ion range by 94.3%. Combined with enzyme activity assays, exogenous spraying, and gene silencing, this approach helps investigate the role of GB-glycosides cascade effect in enhancing cold tolerance of tea plants.</li>\u0000<li>Our method demonstrated that silencing betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase (<i>CsBADH1</i>) in tea plants altered 60 glycoside ions while reducing GB content and cold tolerance, indicating that glycosylation affects GB-mediated cold tolerance. By combining glycoside-specific with conventional metabolomics, isorhoifolin, a GB-regulated cold response metabolite was discovered, and its precursor apigenin was found to be a new cold tolerance metabolite that enhanced cold tolerance by scavenging reactive oxygen species.</li>\u0000<li>This study reveals a new mechanism by which GB mediated cold tolerance in tea plants through regulating apigenin glycosylation, broadening our understanding of the role of glycosylation in plant cold tolerance.</li>\u0000</ul><p></p>","PeriodicalId":214,"journal":{"name":"New Phytologist","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143030735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Proximal remote sensing: an essential tool for bridging the gap between high-resolution ecosystem monitoring and global ecology","authors":"Zoe Amie Pierrat, Troy S. Magney, Will P. Richardson, Benjamin R. K. Runkle, Jen L. Diehl, Xi Yang, William Woodgate, William K. Smith, Miriam R. Johnston, Yohanes R. S. Ginting, Gerbrand Koren, Loren P. Albert, Christopher L. Kibler, Bryn E. Morgan, Mallory Barnes, Adriana Uscanga, Charles Devine, Mostafa Javadian, Karem Meza, Tommaso Julitta, Giulia Tagliabue, Matthew P. Dannenberg, Michal Antala, Christopher Y. S. Wong, Andre L. D. Santos, Koen Hufkens, Julia K. Marrs, Atticus E. L. Stovall, Yujie Liu, Joshua B. Fisher, John A. Gamon, Kerry Cawse-Nicholson","doi":"10.1111/nph.20405","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.20405","url":null,"abstract":"A new proliferation of optical instruments that can be attached to towers over or within ecosystems, or ‘proximal’ remote sensing, enables a comprehensive characterization of terrestrial ecosystem structure, function, and fluxes of energy, water, and carbon. Proximal remote sensing can bridge the gap between individual plants, site-level eddy-covariance fluxes, and airborne and spaceborne remote sensing by providing continuous data at a high-spatiotemporal resolution. Here, we review recent advances in proximal remote sensing for improving our mechanistic understanding of plant and ecosystem processes, model development, and validation of current and upcoming satellite missions. We provide current best practices for data availability and metadata for proximal remote sensing: spectral reflectance, solar-induced fluorescence, thermal infrared radiation, microwave backscatter, and LiDAR. Our paper outlines the steps necessary for making these data streams more widespread, accessible, interoperable, and information-rich, enabling us to address key ecological questions unanswerable from space-based observations alone and, ultimately, to demonstrate the feasibility of these technologies to address critical questions in local and global ecology.","PeriodicalId":214,"journal":{"name":"New Phytologist","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143020977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stress resilience in plants: the complex interplay between heat stress memory and resetting","authors":"Tobias Staacke, Bernd Mueller-Roeber, Salma Balazadeh","doi":"10.1111/nph.20377","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.20377","url":null,"abstract":"Heat stress (HS) poses a major challenge to plants and agriculture, especially during climate change-induced heatwaves. Plants have evolved mechanisms to combat HS and remember past stress. This memory involves lasting changes in specific stress responses, enabling plants to better anticipate and react to future heat events. HS memory is a multi-layered cellular phenomenon that, in addition to epigenetic modifications, involves changes in protein quality control, metabolic pathways and broader physiological adjustments. An essential aspect of modulating stress memory is timely resetting, which restores defense responses to baseline levels and optimizes resource allocation for growth. Balancing stress memory with resetting enables plants to withstand stress while maintaining growth and reproductive capacity. In this review, we discuss mechanisms and regulatory layers of HS memory and resetting, highlighting their critical balance for enhancing stress resilience and plant fitness. We primarily focus on the model plant <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i> due to the limited research on other species and outline key areas for future study.","PeriodicalId":214,"journal":{"name":"New Phytologist","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143021102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stand density and local climate drive allocation of GPP to aboveground woody biomass","authors":"Steven A. Kannenberg, Flurin Babst, Mallory L. Barnes, Antoine Cabon, Matthew P. Dannenberg, Miriam R. Johnston, William R. L. Anderegg","doi":"10.1111/nph.20414","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.20414","url":null,"abstract":"<p>\u0000</p><ul>\u0000<li>The partitioning of photosynthate among various forest carbon pools is a key process regulating long-term carbon sequestration, with allocation to aboveground woody biomass carbon (AGBC) in particular playing an outsized role in the global carbon cycle due to its slow residence time. However, directly estimating the fraction of gross primary productivity (GPP) that goes to AGBC has historically been difficult and time-consuming, leaving us with persistent uncertainties.</li>\u0000<li>We used an extensive dataset of tree-ring chronologies co-located at flux towers to assess the coupling between AGBC and GPP, calculate the fraction of fixed carbon that is allocated to AGBC, and understand the drivers of variability in this fraction.</li>\u0000<li>We found that annual AGBC and GPP were rarely correlated, and that annual AGBC represented only a small fraction (<i>c</i>. 9%) of fixed carbon. This fraction varied considerably across sites and was driven by differences in stand density and site climate. Annual AGBC was suppressed by <i>c</i>. 30% during drought and remained below average for years afterward.</li>\u0000<li>These results imply that assumptions of relatively stationary allocation of GPP to woody biomass and other plant tissues could lead to systematic biases in modeled carbon accumulation in different plant pools and thus in carbon residence time.</li>\u0000</ul><p></p>","PeriodicalId":214,"journal":{"name":"New Phytologist","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143021101","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pollination efficiency and the evolution of sex allocation – diminishing returns matter","authors":"Lawrence D. Harder, Steven D. Johnson","doi":"10.1111/nph.20389","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.20389","url":null,"abstract":"Immobility of flowering plants requires them to engage pollen vectors to outcross, introducing considerable inefficiency in the conversion of pollen production into sired seeds. Whether inefficiencies influence the evolution of the relative resource allocation to female and male functions has been debated for more than 40 years. Whereas early models suggested no effect, negative interspecific relations of mean pollen production and pollen : ovule ratios to the proportion of removed pollen that is exported to stigmas (pollen-transfer efficiency) indicate otherwise. Here, we consider theoretically a key condition that determines whether the efficiencies of processes (first derivative of process output with respect to input) affect the evolutionarily stable sex (ESS) allocation. No effect arises if all individuals experience the same efficiency. By contrast, a decline in process efficiency with increasing allocation (diminishing returns) generally reduces the ESS male allocation for a population. Furthermore, differences in the allocation dependence of efficiencies (and hence the ESS sex allocation) among populations/species create a negative relation of realised efficiency to male allocation among species, like that observed empirically. Diminishing returns arise for various processes that affect siring (e.g. pollen export and local pollen competition to fertilise ovules), which may differ in their relative influence on sex allocation among species.","PeriodicalId":214,"journal":{"name":"New Phytologist","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143020978","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Inorganic nitrogen and organic matter jointly regulate ectomycorrhizal fungi-mediated iron acquisition","authors":"Haihua Wang, Kaile Zhang, Ryan Tappero, Tiffany W. Victor, Jennifer M. Bhatnagar, Rytas Vilgalys, Hui-Ling Liao","doi":"10.1111/nph.20394","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.20394","url":null,"abstract":"<p>\u0000</p><ul>\u0000<li>Ectomycorrhizal fungi (EMF) play a crucial role in facilitating plant nutrient uptake from the soil although inorganic nitrogen (N) can potentially diminish this role. However, the effect of inorganic N availability and organic matter on shaping EMF-mediated plant iron (Fe) uptake remains unclear.</li>\u0000<li>To explore this, we performed a microcosm study on <i>Pinus taeda</i> roots inoculated with <i>Suillus cothurnatus</i> treated with +/−Fe-coated sand, +/−organic matter, and a gradient of NH₄NO₃ concentrations.</li>\u0000<li>Mycorrhiza formation was most favorable under conditions with organic matter, without inorganic N. Synchrotron X-ray microfluorescence imaging on ectomycorrhizal cross-sections suggested that the effect of inorganic N on mycorrhizal Fe acquisition largely depended on organic matter supply. With organic matter, mycorrhizal Fe concentration was significantly decreased as inorganic N levels increased. Conversely, an opposite trend was observed when organic matter was absent. Spatial distribution analysis showed that Fe, zinc, calcium, and copper predominantly accumulated in the fungal mantle across all conditions, highlighting the mantle's critical role in nutrient accumulation and regulation of nutrient transfer to internal compartments.</li>\u0000<li>Our work illustrated that the liberation of soil mineral Fe and the EMF-mediated plant Fe acquisition are jointly regulated by inorganic N and organic matter in the soil.</li>\u0000</ul><p></p>","PeriodicalId":214,"journal":{"name":"New Phytologist","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142991964","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}