Population, English edition最新文献

{"title":"Mothers, Medicine and Morality in Rural Mali: An Ethnographic Study of Therapy Management of Pregnancy and Children’s Illness Episodes by Holten Lianne (review)","authors":"V. Hertrich","doi":"10.3917/popu.1604.0745","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3917/popu.1604.0745","url":null,"abstract":"In matters of health and of development generally, infrastructures and awareness campaigns are expected to be factors of progress that improve the situation of local populations. Yet on the ground we sometimes observe considerable discrepancies between the programmes that are set up and how target populations use them; examples are underuse of available services and non-consultation for what may be serious medical problems. When problems are clearly not due to service organization factors (cost, quality), we readily turn for explanations to “cultural” criteria (values, representations, etc.), understood to prevent people from accepting “Western” health care practices. Lianne Holten’s book on the health-seeking behaviour of women in a village in Mali takes this analysis much further, showing that use (or non-use) of available biomedical services, while partially conditioned by local representations of illness, is also closely related to how decision-making power is distributed, especially by sex and generation. With meticulous precision, the author demonstrates throughout the book the social and family mechanics that determine women’s practices and choices while likewise limiting their maneuvering room and constraining their choices and practices by way of heavy moral requirements. The book, derived from Holten’s thesis in anthropology, is based on her monographic study of practices in a small village in southwest Mali upon the opening of a new maternity clinic (funded by private NGOs). Given Holten’s credentials not only as an anthropologist but also a midwife – she worked several years in that profession in the Netherlands – she is particularly qualified to examine interactions between biomedicine and local therapeutic practices. She began her fieldwork (a total of eight months from 2007 to 2012) with the twofold intention of developing the activity of the new maternity clinic and studying local representations of illness and “therapy management”. Initially she considered these two objectives integral parts of an action research project: to provide access to modern medical care in a remote, isolated village where living conditions are extremely precarious, and to do so by taking into account local knowledge, as this would make it easier – so she assumed – to promote modern health care, in particular by combating what appeared to be mothers’ passivity when their children fell ill. In the course of her research the author gradually changed her viewpoint, shifting from a medical approach to illness centred on individual and biological health determinants to an approach in terms of local women’s healthcare seeking behaviour that took into account not only the various therapeutic options available but also the social system, with its inequalities, power relations, and the maneuvering room available to individuals as determined by their respective places in that system. Book reViews","PeriodicalId":213851,"journal":{"name":"Population, English edition","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122278325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fertility Transition in Bhutan: An Assessment","authors":"Tashi Dorjee, T. Spoorenberg","doi":"10.3917/POPE.1604.0659","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3917/POPE.1604.0659","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: Due to Bhutan’s geographical location, its historical isolation and the small number of available data sources, little is known about the country’s demographic development. This short paper reviews and examines the evidence documenting the changes in fertility levels and trends in Bhutan over the last 50 years in order to lay empirical foundations for further research on fertility change in the country. Using the available census and sample survey data, direct and indirect methods are applied to estimate fertility. Despite variations between estimation methods, the different series give a rather consistent picture of the fertility change. The reconstruction of the fertility levels and trends in Bhutan shows that the total fertility rate was around 6 children per woman until the mid-1980s and fell rapidly from about 5.5 children per woman in the 1990s to close to replacement level today. Abstract: Compte tenu de la situation géographique du pays, de son isolement historique et du nombre restreint de sources de données, nous disposons de connaissances limitées sur le développement démographique du Bhoutan. L’objectif de cette note de recherche est de passer en revue et d’analyser les données retraçant les changements de niveau et de tendance de la fécondité au Bhoutan au cours des 50 dernières années, afin de poser les bases empiriques des futures recherches sur les évolutions de la fécondité. En utilisant les recensements et données d’enquêtes par sondage disponibles, nous appliquons des méthodes directes et indirectes pour estimer la fécondité. En dépit des variations entre les méthodes d’estimation, les différentes séries dressent un tableau assez cohérent des changements de fécondité. La reconstruction des niveaux et tendances de la fécondité au Bhoutan montre que l’indicateur conjoncturel de fécondité atteignait environ 6 enfants par femme jusqu’au milieu des années 1980 et qu’il est rapidement tombé d’environ 5,5 enfants par femme dans les années 1990, puis à un niveau proche du seuil de renouvellement aujourd’hui. Abstract: Dada la situación geográfica del país, su aislamiento histórico y la escasez de fuentes de datos, el conocimiento de la evolución demográfica del Botan es limitado. El objetivo de esta nota de investigación es analizar los datos que revelen cambios en el nivel y la tendencia de la fecundidad en Botan durante los últimos 50 anos, a fin de constituir las bases empíricas de futuras investigaciones sobre la evolución de la fecundidad. A partir de los datos censales y de las encuestas por sondeo disponibles, aplicamos métodos directos e indirectos para estimar la fecundidad. A pesar de las diferencias según el método utilizado, las series obtenidas muestran un cuadro bastante coherente de los cambios de la fecundidad. Los resultados muestran que el indicador coyuntural de fecundidad se situaba alrededor de 6 hijos por mujer hasta la mitad de los años ochenta, bajó a 5,5 hacia mediados de los noventa, y alcanza actual","PeriodicalId":213851,"journal":{"name":"Population, English edition","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129987888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Son Preference in a Sharecropping Society: Gender Composition of Children and Reproduction in a Pre-Transitional Italian Community","authors":"M. Manfredini, M. Breschi, A. Fornasin","doi":"10.3917/POPE.1604.0641","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3917/POPE.1604.0641","url":null,"abstract":"Sex preference, and its association with fertility, has been frequently, if not exclusively, studied for transitional and post-transitional populations. Many studies have concerned Asian countries, where patriarchal families and gender discrimination were common cultural traits favouring preference for sons. Conversely, little attention has been paid to pretransitional populations, where it was believed that couples’ sex preferences were met because of their larger average completed family size. However, the pretransitional Italian sharecropping society shares the same cultural features as some contemporary Asian societies, such as patriarchal families, strong gender inequality, and a rigid gender division of work within the household that led to sons being valued over daughters. This article investigates the relationship between sex composition of surviving children and fertility in a sharecropping population of mid-nineteenth-century Tuscany. The analysis is based on the longitudinal reproductive life-histories of the women living in Casalguidi between 1819 and 1859. Les préférences quant au sexe des enfants et leur lien avec la fécondité ont souvent, voire exclusivement, été étudiées dans des populations transitionnelles ou post-transitionnelles. L’essentiel des études sur le sujet concernent des pays asiatiques, où le patriarcat et la discrimination liée au sexe étaient deux caractéristiques culturelles favorisant une préférence pour les fils. À l’inverse, l’attention s’est très peu focalisée sur les populations prétransitionnelles, dont on considérait que les préférences quant au sexe des enfants étaient satisfaites parce que la taille moyenne des familles complètes y était importante. Mais la société prétransitionnelle des métayers italiens présente les mêmes caractéristiques culturelles que certaines sociétés asiatiques contemporaines : familles patriarcales, fortes inégalités entre les sexes et division stricte des tâches domestiques en fonction du sexe, conduisant à la survalorisation des fils. Cet article analyse la relation entre la répartition par sexe des enfants survivants et la fécondité dans une population de métayers toscans au milieu du xixe siècle, à partir d’une analyse longitudinale des biographies de fécondité des femmes ayant vécu à Casalguidi entre 1819 et 1859. Las preferencias en cuanto al sexo de los hijos y sus lazos con la fecundidad han sido frecuentemente, sino exclusivamente, estudiados en poblaciones transicionales o post-transicionales. La mayor parte de los estudios conciernen países asiáticos, dónde el patriarcado y la discriminación ligada al sexo eran dos características culturales que favorecían una preferencia por los varones. En cambio, sobre esta cuestión, las poblaciones pre-transicionales han sido descuidadas porque se pensaba que las preferencias en cuanto al sexo de los hijos estaban satisfechas dado el elevado tamaño de las familias. Ahora bien, la sociedad pre-transicional de los arrendatarios ita","PeriodicalId":213851,"journal":{"name":"Population, English edition","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123178356","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Renal Diseases and Social Inequalities in Access to Transplantation in France","authors":"C. Baudelot, Y. Caillé, Olivier Godechot, S. Mercier, P. Reeve","doi":"10.3917/POPE.1601.0023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3917/POPE.1601.0023","url":null,"abstract":"Social inequalities in health are a major public concern. Some of these inequalities are currently not well documented, and are thus largely absent from debate. One important health issue is renal disease and access to the corresponding therapies (dialysis and renal transplant). These two therapeutic options have very different consequences in terms of labour market participation and physical well-being. Renal transplants offer patients an enhanced quality of daily life and a longer life expectancy, but this option is limited by organ availability. Here, drawing on two recent surveys, Christian Baudelot, Yvanie Caillé, Olivier Godechot and Sylvie Mercier examine socially differentiated access to these two therapies and explore the underlying mechanisms. At each stage in the disease and its treatment, a cumulative process puts the least educated patients at a disadvantage in terms of access to a kidney transplant.Renal Diseases and Social Inequalities in Access to Transplantation in France:Renal diseases are invisible and silent up to an advanced stage. Renal transplant is today the most effective therapy at all ages of life in terms of survival and quality of life, and is also the least expensive for French health system. Yet, whatever their age or sex, patients with a lower level of education less frequently receive transplants. Various independent factors produce these social inequalities: the nature of renal pathologies, resulting partly from patients' lifestyles; the degree of attention paid to initial symptoms and the existence of two types of replacement therapy (dialysis and transplant) practiced differently in the private and public sectors. Patients with the highest level of education are in a better position to negotiate the system than the others. The results presented in this article are based on data from two national surveys of renal patients conducted in 2011 and 2012.Maladies rénales et inégalités sociales d’accès à la greffe en France:Les maladies rénales sont invisibles et silencieuses jusqu’à un stade avancé. La transplantation est aujourd’hui le traitement le plus efficient à tous les âges de la vie en termes de survie et de qualité de vie, mais aussi pour le système de santé. Or, quels que soient le sexe ou l’âge, les patients les moins instruits y ont moins souvent accès que les autres en France. De nombreux facteurs indépendants concourent à ces inégalités sociales : la nature des pathologies rénales en partie produites par le mode de vie, l’attention prêtée aux premiers symptômes, mais aussi l’existence de deux traitements de suppléance (la dialyse et la transplantation) qui se pratiquent dans des univers professionnels différents. Les mieux armés pour s’orienter dans ce système sont les patients les plus instruits. Les résultats présentés dans cet article sont issus de deux enquêtes nationales menés en 2011 et en 2012 auprès de patients en insuffisance rénale.Enfermedad es renales y desigualdad social en el acceso al tras","PeriodicalId":213851,"journal":{"name":"Population, English edition","volume":"88 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114400369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Data Sources on the Older Population in Europe: Comparison of the Generations and Gender Survey (GGS) and the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE)","authors":"K. Keenan, Else Foverskov, E. Grundy","doi":"10.3917/POPE.1603.0511","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3917/POPE.1603.0511","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: The Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE) and the Generations and Gender Survey (GGS) are two widely used European longitudinal surveys with data on socio-demographic and health topics, but their comparability has not been systematically investigated. We compared SHARE and GGS data for 50–80 year olds in seven European countries (Belgium, Estonia, France, Germany, Hungary, the Netherlands and Poland) to assess data quality and the potential for joint analyses. The results showed that information on age, gender, marriage and fertility patterns and the corresponding distributions were broadly similar in both sources. For some countries, distributions by educational level varied between the two sources even though both reported using the same International Standard Classification of Education, which may reflect variations in the timings of surveys. The differences also observed for estimates of the prevalence of poor health might come from the wording of health questions and their placement in the questionnaire that sometimes differed between the surveys. We investigated what effect these variations might have on analyses of health inequalities by undertaking multivariable analysis of associations between education and marital status and two standard health indicators: self-reported health (SHR) and long-standing illness (LSI). Abstract: L’enquête sur la santé, le vieillissement et la retraite en Europe (SHARE) et l’enquête Générations et genre (GGS) sont deux études longitudinales européennes largement utilisées portant sur des sujets sociodémographiques et sanitaires. Toutefois, leur comparabilité n’a pas été examinée de manière systématique. Cet article compare les enquêtes SHARE et GGS pour les individus âgés de 50 à 80 ans dans sept pays européens (Allemagne, Belgique, Estonie, France, Hongrie, Pays-Bas et Pologne) afin d’évaluer la qualité de leurs données et les possibilités d’analyses conjointes. L’information et la répartition par âge, sexe, mariage et niveau de fécondité sont similaires dans les deux sources. Pour certains pays, des différences existent dans la répartition des niveaux d’éducation bien que les deux enquêtes utilisent la même classification internationale, ce qui est peut-être dû à des différences dans le calendrier des enquêtes. Des écarts sont également observés pour l’état de santé, probablement en lien avec la formulation des questions sur la santé et leurs places différentes dans le questionnaire selon les enquêtes. Nous étudions les inégalités de santé par niveau d’instruction et par statut conjugal en menant des analyses multivariées sur deux indicateurs de santé courants : la santé autoévaluée (SAE) et les affections de longue durée (ALD). Abstract: La encuesta sobre la salud, el envejecimiento y la jubilación (SHARE) y la encuesta Generaciones y género (GGS) son dos estudios longitudinales europeos ampliamente utilizados. Aquellas tratan de cuestiones socio-demográficas y sanitarias, pe","PeriodicalId":213851,"journal":{"name":"Population, English edition","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126529214","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Female Genital Mutilation. Overview and Current Knowledge","authors":"A. Andro, Marie Lesclingand, Madeleine Grieve, P. Reeve","doi":"10.3917/POPE.1602.0215","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3917/POPE.1602.0215","url":null,"abstract":"Female genital mutilation (FGM), which is any form of non-therapeutic intervention leading to the ablation or alteration of the female genital organs, has adverse health consequences. According to UNICEF, in 2016, more than 200 million women in the world have undergone FGM. This article examines the prevalence of FGM and its variation over time in the different regions of the world, and presents current knowledge of the determinants of the practice and its effects on health and sexuality. Recent public health studies have demonstrated the scale and diversity of the consequences of FGM, and specific medical services have been developed for the women concerned. Available data show that while FGM is well studied in Africa, it remains poorly documented in certain regions of the world. This is notably the case in countries where the practice is clandestine, and in those with immigrant populations from countries where women undergo FGM.","PeriodicalId":213851,"journal":{"name":"Population, English edition","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114435051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Life Expectancy of Medical Professionals in the Netherlands, Sixteenth to Twentieth Centuries","authors":"F. van Poppel, G. Bijwaard, M. V. van Lieburg, fred van lieburg, Rik Hoekstra, F. Verkade","doi":"10.3917/POPU.1604.0659","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3917/POPU.1604.0659","url":null,"abstract":"Rising life expectancy has been suggested as a determining factor behind the start of modern economic growth. On the basis of information relating to elite groups, economic historians have thus questioned the idea, prevalent among most demographers, that life expectancy remained quite stable until around 1800. There is still a scarcity of data on the long-term evolution of life expectancy able to support this claim. We present data on medical professionals in the Netherlands to study the evolution of life expectancy at age 25 in birth cohorts from the sixteenth to the early twentieth centuries. We compare the medical professions with groups without formal medical knowledge – clergymen, visual artists, notable Dutch people, and members of the nobility and patriciate – thereby providing clues about the role of medicine as a factor behind the mortality decline. We used event history models to estimate the length of life. We observe very strong increases in survival in all selected groups, starting in the cohorts born in the seventeenth century. While medical professionals were no exception to this trend, their life expectancy did not increase faster than that of other groups; for a long time, medical knowledge seems to have provided only limited advantages to those who possessed it. L’augmentation de l’espérance de vie est considérée comme l’un des facteurs déterminants du début de la croissance économique moderne. S’appuyant sur des informations concernant les élites, les historiens de l’économie ont remis en question l’idée, très courante chez les démographes, que l’espérance de vie serait restée plutôt stable jusqu’aux environs de 1800. Les informations sur l’évolution à long terme de l’espérance de vie qui pourraient corroborer cette affirmation demeurent rares. Nous présentons des données sur le corps médical aux Pays-Bas pour étudier l’évolution de l’espérance de vie à l’âge de 25 ans de générations nées entre le xvie siècle et le début du xxe. En comparant le corps médical avec des groupes sans formation médicale – ecclésiastiques, artistes visuels, notables néerlandais, nobles et patriciens –, nous obtenons des indications sur le rôle qu’a joué la médecine dans le recul de la mortalité. Nous utilisons des modèles biographiques pour estimer la durée de la vie. Nous avons observé des allongements très importants de la survie dans l’ensemble des groupes retenus à partir des générations nées au xviie siècle. Le corps médical n’a pas fait exception à la règle, mais son espérance de vie n’a pas plus augmenté que celle d’autres catégories. Il semble donc que, pendant longtemps, le savoir médical n’ait procuré que des avantages limités à ses détenteurs. El aumento de la esperanza de vida es considerado como uno de los factores determinantes del comienzo del crecimiento económico moderno. Apoyándose en informaciones sobre las élites, los historiadores de la economía han puesto en duda la idea, muy común entre los demógrafos, que la esperanza de vid","PeriodicalId":213851,"journal":{"name":"Population, English edition","volume":"69 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127278929","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Self-reported Health among Lone Mothers in Switzerland: Do Employment and Education Matter?","authors":"E. Struffolino, L. Bernardi, M. Voorpostel","doi":"10.3917/POPE.1602.0187","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3917/POPE.1602.0187","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:Lone mothers are more likely to be unemployed and in poverty, which are both factors associated with a risk of poor health. In Switzerland, weak work-family reconciliation policies and taxation that favours married couples adopting the traditional male breadwinner model translate into low labour market participation rate for mothers. In the case of lone mothers, employment can be associated with better health because it eases the potential economic hardship associated with being the sole earner. However, working can represent an additional stress factor due to lone mothers’ responsibility as the main caregiver. We investigate how family arrangements and employment status are associated with self-reported health in Switzerland. Our analyses on the Swiss Household Panel (waves 1999-2011) suggest that lone mothers who are out of the labour market have a higher probability of reporting poor health, especially those with an upper secondary level of education. Lone mothers reported being in better health when working full-time versus part-time, whereas the opposite applied to mothers living with a partner.Abstract:Les mères sans conjoint et avec des enfants à charge sont plus susceptibles d’être sans emploi et pauvres, deux facteurs qui augmentent les risques d’être en mauvaise santé. En Suisse, l’insuffisance des politiques de conciliation entre travail et famille et une fiscalité qui avantage les couples mariés adoptant une division traditionnelle du travail se traduisent par de faibles taux de participation des mères au marché du travail. Pour le cas particulier des mères seules vivant avec leurs enfants, l’emploi peut être associé à une meilleure santé parce qu’il atténue les difficultés économiques liées au fait d’être le seul pourvoyeur de ressources du foyer. Cependant, le travail peut représenter un facteur de stress supplémentaire étant donné que les mères assument désormais seules la majeure partie des soins aux enfants. Comment l’état de santé autodéclaré est-il associé à la situation familiale et le statut d’activité en Suisse? Les analyses du Panel suisse de ménages (vagues 1999-2011) montrent que les mères seules qui sont hors du marché du travail présentent plus de risques de déclarer un mauvais état de santé, en particulier si elles disposent d’un diplôme du secondaire supérieur. En revanche, les mères seules se déclarent en meilleure santé si elles travaillent à temps plein plutôt qu’à temps partiel, alors que c’est l’inverse pour les mères en couple.Abstract:Las madres sin conyugue y con niños a cargo corren un mayor riesgo de desempleo y de ser más pobres que las otras madres, y además estos factores aumentan el riesgo de tener una mala salud. En Suiza, la insuficiencia de las políticas de conciliación entre trabajo y familia, y una fiscalidad que favorece a las parejas casadas que adoptan una división tradicional del trabajo, se traducen por una débil participación de las mujeres al mercado laboral. En el caso particular de","PeriodicalId":213851,"journal":{"name":"Population, English edition","volume":"78 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125021571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Dynamics of Language Shift in Canada","authors":"Patrick Sabourin, A. Bélanger, P. Reeve","doi":"10.3917/POPE.1504.0727","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3917/POPE.1504.0727","url":null,"abstract":"This article proposes a method for estimating language shifts based on fictitious cohorts and survival analysis. With this method, data from a single census can be used to obtain language shift rates in different population groups in Canada (by language first learned in childhood, immigrant status, age at immigration, level of education) and in all relevant regions of the country. The robustness of the method was validated by comparing the results obtained with data from the Canadian censuses of 1991, 1996, 2001, and 2006. Language shift rates by age and time since immigration are robust over time, but the rates vary significantly between population groups. They are very low in first-generation allophone immigrants who arrived in Canada as adults, but can reach 90% in the second generation. These rates vary little from one Canadian region to another among allophones, but they vary more in official language minorities, in some cases reaching rates comparable to those observed in the second generation of allophone immigrants. In Quebec, where French and English are both languages of convergence for allophones, the rise in language shifts towards French is largely due to changes in the ethnolinguistic composition of immigration.","PeriodicalId":213851,"journal":{"name":"Population, English edition","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131153940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Female Education and Fertility under State Socialism in Central and Eastern Europe","authors":"Zuzanna Brzozowska","doi":"10.3917/POPU.1504.0770","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3917/POPU.1504.0770","url":null,"abstract":"This article analyses trends in completed fertility of women born between 1916 and 1960 in seven countries of Central and South-Eastern Europe (Croatia, the Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, Romania, Slovakia and Slovenia). Using census data, decomposition and standardization methods are applied to study the effect of growing educational attainment on cohort fertility, including childlessness and high parity births. The results suggest that the decline in cohort fertility was driven by rising educational enrolment on the one hand and by a reduction in high parity births on the other. These two negative effects were partially counterbalanced by the shrinking proportions of childless women. All in all, the trends in cohort fertility followed similar patterns in the various study countries, but their intensity varied greatly. There does not seem to have existed a specific socialist fertility trend, with one exception: a steady decline in the proportion of childless women (contrasting with an upward tendency in the West among women born after 1940). The results also suggest that in Romania, Poland and Hungary, the strong pronatalist policy measures may have halted the decline in high parity births.","PeriodicalId":213851,"journal":{"name":"Population, English edition","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133308142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}