Population, English edition最新文献

{"title":"Migration between Africa and Europe (MAFE): Advantages and Limitations of a Multi-Site Survey Design","authors":"Cris Beauchemin, J. Tovey","doi":"10.1007/978-3-319-69569-3_2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-69569-3_2","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":213851,"journal":{"name":"Population, English edition","volume":"67 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132901816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Scattered Family: Parenting, African Migrants, and Global Inequality by Cati Coe (review)","authors":"Amélie Grysole","doi":"10.5860/choice.51-5319","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5860/choice.51-5319","url":null,"abstract":"Cati COE, The Scattered Family: Parenting, African Migrants, and Global Inequality, 2013, Chicago, University of Chicago Press, VII + 244 p.In this book the American anthropologist Cati Coe offers an original perspective on organizing long-distance parenting after international migration. The subject is not new in the literature on transnational families and the parent-child separation involved, but Coe develops arguments that run counter to most analyses. Drawing on a multi-site ethnographic study of Ghanaian immigrants in the United States and their families in Ghana, a comparison of these situations with those engendered by migrations within Ghana, and a long-term historical overview from the mid-nineteenth to the early twenty-first century, the author lays out the workings of contemporary intergenerational relationships. The work thus achieves its goal of offering a fresh, richly documented perspective on the subject.As in many African countries, IMF budget cuts in the 1970s and 1980s considerably reduced job opportunities for the middle class in Ghana, whose members had been the primary beneficiaries of state civil service jobs. Coe explains how transnational migrants cope with the contradictions generated by various state policies (immigration, family, education and others) and the forces of global capitalism; specifically, how they adapt and \"reshuffle\" their parenting, kinship and gender \"repertoires.\" A \"repertoire\" as she explains it (pp. 14-29) is a concept close to the notion of habitus, covering a combination of beliefs, practices and resources that people acquire throughout their lives and use to interpret, evaluate, and adapt to situations (p. 5). It is widely understood that the families who leave Ghana are not those with the least economic, educational or social capital. Indeed, the Ghanaian urban middle class emigrated to maintain their relatively high standard of living (p. 90). This book details the history of family repertoires as they concern parent-child separation, a situation that, whatever other effects it may have, still conflicts with the Ghanaian middle-class ideal of \"living together\" as a family.Coe, whose research included study of legal files on family conflicts and interviews with grandparents caring for their emigrant children's children in Ghana, retraces a long history of intergenerational relationships (Chapter 1). She then explains how internal migration, women's entry into the workforce, and the fact that in Ghanaian tradition several adults may take care of children, including ones who are not their own, may make parent-child separation seem an ordinary not to say normal event. The historical perspective allows for closely analysing what is new and what traditional in the ways these families organize their lives in response to international migration. Coe argues that \"exchanges between young people and their kin that centered on debt changed, over time, to become reciprocities of care as they are understoo","PeriodicalId":213851,"journal":{"name":"Population, English edition","volume":"55 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126857477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Does International Migration Lead to Divorce?: Ghanaian Couples in Ghana and Abroad","authors":"K. Caarls, V. Mazzucato","doi":"10.3917/POPU.1501.0135","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3917/POPU.1501.0135","url":null,"abstract":"Does International Migration Lead to Divorce? Ghanaian Couples in Ghana and Abroad:This article examines the effects of international migration on the probability of divorce among Ghanaian couples in 2009. Couples that experienced joint migration, and those where the husband and/or the wife migrated alone are compared with couples with no migration experience. The relationship between migration and divorce is contextualized with anthropological insights into marital relationships in Ghana. Ghanaian data from the Migrations between Africa and Europe (MAFE) research programme, containing retrospective information on married couples, are analysed. Discrete-time event history analysis shows that migrant couples have higher divorce rates than non-migrant couples, but only when the wife migrated, either independently or jointly. Couples who spend longer periods apart are also more likely to divorce, especially when it is the husband who migrates.La migration internationale est-elle un facteur de divorce? Les couples ghanéens au Ghana et à l’étranger:Cet article examine les effets de la migration internationale sur la probabilité de divorce parmi les couples ghanéens interrogés en 2009. Les couples ayant migré ensemble et les couples dont le mari ou la femme ont migré seuls sont comparés aux couples n’ayant aucune expérience de migration. La relation entre migration et divorce est replacée dans son contexte à l’aide des connaissances anthropologiques sur les relations conjugales au Ghana. Les données ghanéennes du programme de recherche Migrations entre l’Afrique et l’Europe, qui contiennent des informations rétrospectives sur les couples mariés, ont été analysées. L’analyse biographique en temps discret montre que les couples migrants présentent des taux de divorce plus importants que les couples non migrants, mais seulement lorsque la femme a migré, indépendamment ou avec son conjoint. Les couples étant restés plus longtemps séparés présentent également un risque de divorce plus important, particulièrement lorsque c’est l’homme qui migre.¿La migración internacional es un factor de divorcio? Las parejas ghaneanas en Ghana y en el extranjero:Este artículo examina los efectos de la migración internacional sobre la probabilidad de divorciar entre las parejas ghaneanas en 2009. Las parejas emigradas conjuntamente y aquellas en las que el marido o la mujer han emigrado solos son comparadas a las parejas que no han tenido ninguna experiencia de migración. La relación entre migración y divorcio es situada en su contexto gracias a los conocimientos antropológicos disponibles sobre las relaciones conyugales en Ghana. Se han analizado los datos del proyecto Migraciones entre África y Europa (MAFE), que contienen informaciones retrospectivas sobre las parejas casadas. El análisis biográfico con tiempo discreto muestra que las parejas migrantes divorcian más frecuentemente que las parejas sedentarias pero sólo cuando la mujer ha emigrado, independientemente o con ","PeriodicalId":213851,"journal":{"name":"Population, English edition","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124912105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Return Migration to Senegal and the Democratic Republic of Congo: Intention and Realization","authors":"Marie‐Laurence Flahaux, P. Reeve","doi":"10.3917/POPU.1501.0103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3917/POPU.1501.0103","url":null,"abstract":"Return Migration to Senegal and the Democratic Republic of Congo: Intention and Realization:Using life event history data collected by the MAFE project survey of migrants in Europe and return migrants in their countries of origin, this article aims to analyse, first, the initial return intentions of Senegalese and Congolese migrants to Europe, and second, the realization of those intentions. The results reveal that at the time of their arrival, individuals who migrate to Europe with the objective of acquiring resources for later use in their country of origin plan to return there. However, if the situation in their country of origin seriously deteriorates, as was the case in the Democratic Republic of Congo from the 1990s onward, migrants tend to plan to remain permanently in Europe. Furthermore, the more difficult it is to migrate to Europe, the less likely migrants are to plan to return. Finally, worsening political and economic conditions in the origin country and restrictive immigration policies in host countries discourage migrants who initially plan to return home from following through on those plans.Intention et realisation de migration de retour au Senegal et en Republique democratique du Congo:À partir des données biographiques du projet MAFE collectées à la fois auprès de migrants pendant leur séjour en Europe et de migrants de retour dans leur pays d’origine, cet article analyse, d’une part, l’intention initiale de retour des Sénégalais et des Congolais qui ont migré en Europe et, d’autre part, la réalisation de cette intention. Les résultats révèlent qu’au moment de leur arrivée, les individus envisagent de retourner dans leur pays d’origine avec l’objectif d’acquérir des ressources qu’ils pourront valoriser dans leur pays après leur retour. Cependant, si la situation dans le pays d’origine se dégrade fortement, comme c’est le cas en République démocratique du Congo à partir des années 1990, les migrants préfèrent s’établir définitivement en Europe. En outre, plus il est difficile de migrer en Europe et moins les migrants ont l’intention de rentrer. Enfin, la détérioration du contexte politique et économique dans les pays d’origine et les politiques migratoires restrictives des pays d’accueil découragent le retour de migrants qui avaient l’intention de rentrer dans leur pays d’origine au moment de leur arrivée en Europe.Intención y realización de migración de retorno hacia el Senegal y la República Democrática del Congo:A partir de los datos demográficos del proyecto MAFE recogidos en las respuestas de los migrantes durante su estancia en Europa y de los migrantes de retorno en sus países, este articulo analiza, por un lado, las intenciones iniciales de retorno de los senegaleses y de los congoleños que han inmigrado en Europa et, por otro lado, la realización de esas intenciones. Los resultados muestran que cuando llegan a Europa, los inmigrantes piensan volver a su país con el objetivo de adquirir recursos que podrán valorizar a su","PeriodicalId":213851,"journal":{"name":"Population, English edition","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126607072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"AIDS and Religious Life in Malawi: Rethinking How Population Dynamics Shape Culture","authors":"J. Trinitapoli","doi":"10.3917/POPE.1502.0265","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3917/POPE.1502.0265","url":null,"abstract":"In countries severely affected by the AIDS epidemic, religious leaders may show a certain pragmatism in adapting to the realities of the disease, sometimes changing their doctrines and their teachings in order to protect those who are ill and limit the spread of the disease. Should a person with an HIV-infected spouse abandon his or her partner to avoid contamination, or stay to provide care? Men and women facing such dilemmas may turn to their religious leader for advice. Drawing on survey data and in-depth interviews, Jenny Trinitapoli examines both the perceptions of lay women living in rural Malawi, and the content of sermons on marriage and sexuality given by religious leaders of various denominations. In the context of the HIV-AIDS epidemic, religious doctrines can be used either to justify or to condemn divorce, depending on the health status of the persons involved, with the dual aim of maintaining social cohesion within the community and limiting the spread of HIV.AIDS and Religious Life in Malawi: Rethinking How Population Dynamics Shape Culture:This study examines the reciprocal nature of the relationship between religion and demographic processes in the context of Malawi’s AIDS epidemic between 2001 and 2006. Based on unique data from religious leaders and lay women in rural Malawi, this article shows that religious teachings have been responsive to the demographic realities of AIDS. Predictably, this involves the explicit incorporation of AIDS-related information into teachings on sexual behavior and family formation. More surprisingly, however, Christian and Muslim teachings about marriage and divorce address one of the fundamental problems associated with AIDS: balancing the prevention strategy of leaving a spouse who is putting you at risk of infection with marital, social, and religious obligations to care for the sick. A doctrine of acceptable divorce, “the window of opportunity” reflects an effort to coalesce the sometimes incompatible goals of protecting individuals from HIV, limiting the spread of the disease in the community, maintaining social cohesion, and expanding religious authority. This examination of religious doctrine in the face of a particular demographic crisis illustrates how and why local understandings of demographic phenomena can have profound cultural implications.Sida et vie religieuse au Malawi : repenser l’influence de la dynamique démographique sur les comportements culturels:Cet article examine les relations réciproques qu’entretiennent la religion et les dynamiques démographiques au Malawi dans un contexte d’épidémie de sida, entre 2001 et 2006. À partir de données inédites sur des chefs religieux et des femmes laïques du Malawi rural, l’analyse montre que les prescriptions religieuses ont été influencées par l’épidémie. Cela se traduit par la prise en compte explicite d’informations relatives au sida dans les prescriptions religieuses en matière de sexualité et de constitution de la famille. Plus sur","PeriodicalId":213851,"journal":{"name":"Population, English edition","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115092263","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Immigrant Families’ Relationship with the School System: A Survey of Four Working-Class Suburban High Schools","authors":"M. Ichou, Marco Oberti, Oliver Waine","doi":"10.3917/POPE.1404.0557","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3917/POPE.1404.0557","url":null,"abstract":"This article provides an empirical analysis of immigrant families’ relationship with the school system in working-class suburbs of Paris. The findings are based on a multivariate analysis of a questionnaire survey (N = 1,191) as well as semi-structured interviews conducted with parents of students in four high schools in the Seine-Saint-Denis département. We show that a migration background shapes parents’ relationship with the school system. Stronger community educational support and higher educational aspirations are observed among immigrant parents compared to native parents of the same social backgrounds living in the same neighbourhoods. Among immigrant families, parents from Turkey and Asia differ most with respect to native parents in their relationship with the school system. The former tend to turn much more often to their local community for educational support, while the latter are characterized by especially high educational aspirations. These findings call for future systematic analyses of migrants’ pre-migration experiences and characteristics in order to shed light on their subsequent trajectories and attitudes in the country of immigration.","PeriodicalId":213851,"journal":{"name":"Population, English edition","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130935834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Estimating Age at First Union in Africa. Are Census and Survey Data Comparable?","authors":"V. Hertrich, Solène Lardoux, K. George","doi":"10.3917/POPE.1403.0357","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3917/POPE.1403.0357","url":null,"abstract":"This article considers whether survey and census data offer comparable bases for estimating trends in women’s age at marriage in Africa. It uses the indicator of median age at first marriage calculated from the proportion of never-married women by age. It draws upon two bodies of data: first, a pan-African nuptiality database is used to assess differences between estimates drawn from the two types of source at the scale of the whole continent (453 censuses and national surveys undertaken since 1950 in the 55 countries of Africa); and second, data from 15 MICS surveys which record marital status twice (each respondent is included on both a household and an individual questionnaire) are analysed to pinpoint inconsistencies. The median age at first marriage is generally higher when estimated from census data than from survey data. Several error mechanisms combine to create this effect. In censuses, imprecise recording of marital status leads to overestimation of numbers never-married, and therefore to overestimation of median age at marriage. In surveys, meanwhile, the tendency to underestimate young women’s age, thereby excluding a disproportionate number from the survey sample of women aged 15-49, and the less thorough coverage of never-married women lead to under-representation of those never-married and therefore to underestimation of age at marriage. This analysis does not suggest that one type of source should be preferred over the other, but rather that neither source should be neglected.","PeriodicalId":213851,"journal":{"name":"Population, English edition","volume":"57 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131730647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fertility and Schooling in Ouagadougou: The Role of Family Networks","authors":"Moussa Bougma, Laure Pasquier-Doumer, T. Legrand, Jean-François Kobiané, Catriona Dutreuilh","doi":"10.3917/POPE.1403.0391","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3917/POPE.1403.0391","url":null,"abstract":"The importance of family solidarity networks is routinely cited in the literature to explain why the relationship between number of children and schooling in sub-Saharan Africa does not follow the predicted theoretical pattern. The dilemma between \"quantity\" and \"quality\" of children may be less acute for parents if they can foster out their children to the extended family, or receive monetary support from them to pay for schooling costs. However, there has been little empirical exploration of this hypothesis due to a lack of suitable data. Drawing on an original dataset (Ouagadougou Health and Demographic Surveillance Systems, Demtrend 2012 retrospective survey), this study uses logistic regression models to study the combined effect of family networks and number of siblings on schooling of children in suburban districts of Ouagadougou. The findings show that large families more frequently receive support from family networks for schooling than smaller ones. Moreover, family networks are able to offset the negative effect of large family size on school enrolment, but only for a part of the population, the poorest being excluded.","PeriodicalId":213851,"journal":{"name":"Population, English edition","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129279256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fertility Levels and Trends in North Korea","authors":"T. Spoorenberg","doi":"10.3917/POPE.1403.0433","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3917/POPE.1403.0433","url":null,"abstract":"This short paper contributes additional evidence to the existing body of knowledge on demographic changes in North Korea by studying fertility levels and trends over the last three decades. Using as many estimates of total fertility as possible derived from various data sources (censuses, sample surveys and vital registration system) and computed using diverse estimation methods, we show that the demographic data from North Korea are remarkably consistent for the study of fertility. Total fertility in North Korea declined from about 3.0 children per woman in 1980 to about 2.0 in 1998 and remained around that level until 2008. This paper also provides original empirical evidence about what happened to fertility during the tumultuous period between the mid-1990s and the early 2000s in North Korea.","PeriodicalId":213851,"journal":{"name":"Population, English edition","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116981320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spatial Variation in Household Structures in Nineteenth-Century Germany","authors":"M. Szołtysek, S. Gruber, S. Klüsener, J. Goldstein","doi":"10.3917/POPU.1401.0057","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3917/POPU.1401.0057","url":null,"abstract":"Historical Germany represents a perfect laboratory for studying interregional demographic differences, yet the historical family structures in this part of the European continent remain largely unexplored. This study documents the variability of living arrangements using an aggregate measure of household complexity based on published statistics of the German census of 1885. Descriptive methods and spatially sensitive modelling techniques are applied to these data in order to examine existing hypotheses on the determinants of household complexity in historical Europe. We investigate how regional variation in agricultural structures and employment, inheritance practices, ethnic background, and other sociodemographic characteristics relate to regional variation in household structures. Our results show that areas with low levels of household complexity were concentrated in south-western and southern Germany, while areas with high levels of complexity were mostly situated in the north and north-east. The supposedly decisive socioeconomic and cultural macro-regional differences that are known to have existed in late nineteenth-century Germany were at most only weakly associated with existing spatial patterns of household complexity. These results tend to support Ruggles’ (2009) view that spatial variation in household structures is mostly linked to the degree of employment in agriculture and demographic characteristics.","PeriodicalId":213851,"journal":{"name":"Population, English edition","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125305026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}