Revista Brasileira de Medicina do Esporte最新文献_第10页

BODY INDEX VARIATION IN THE UNIVERSITY STUDENTS UNDER RESISTANCE TRAINING 抗阻训练下大学生身体指标的变化

4区医学

Revista Brasileira de Medicina do Esporte Pub Date : 2023-02-27 DOI: 10.1590/1517-8692202329012022_0706

Sen Lin, Jiayu Jiang, Bo Chen

{"title":"BODY INDEX VARIATION IN THE UNIVERSITY STUDENTS UNDER RESISTANCE TRAINING","authors":"Sen Lin, Jiayu Jiang, Bo Chen","doi":"10.1590/1517-8692202329012022_0706","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1517-8692202329012022_0706","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Introduction: Recent research on the probability of increasing physical injuries during physical activities revealed that resistance training can improve physical performance of college students, prevent sports injuries and reduce the body fat rate of its practitioners. Objective: Analyze the effects of resistance training on the body index of university students. Methods: One hundred female college students were selected as experimenters to ensure normal activities for 16 weeks. The experimenter performed resistance training for 16 weeks, three times a week on Monday, Wednesday and Friday, with three cycles each time. Results: After 16 weeks of experimental intervention, the average chest circumference, average waist circumference, average hip circumference, and average leg circumference of the experimental group were 83.27cm, 63.1cm, 89.95cm, 54.6cm, and 24.02%, respectively. After the experiment, the average back muscle strength of the experimental group increased by 5.11kg, and the average basal metabolism increased from 1204.4 kcal to 1260.59 kcal. Conclusion: Resistance training and aerobic exercise have the most significant effect on body fat rate. Resistance training can control the decline of body fat rate in college students to improve their physical quality. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment outcomes.","PeriodicalId":21213,"journal":{"name":"Revista Brasileira de Medicina do Esporte","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67373717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

ANALYSIS OF UPPER LIMBS STRENGTH TRAINING IN TABLE TENNIS 乒乓球上肢力量训练分析

4区医学

Revista Brasileira de Medicina do Esporte Pub Date : 2023-02-27 DOI: 10.1590/1517-8692202329012022_0717

Chong Zhang, He Huang

{"title":"ANALYSIS OF UPPER LIMBS STRENGTH TRAINING IN TABLE TENNIS","authors":"Chong Zhang, He Huang","doi":"10.1590/1517-8692202329012022_0717","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1517-8692202329012022_0717","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Introduction: The strength training of superior members currently practiced in the university courses does not correspond to the real necessities of the athletes, demanding the development of optimized methods for more expressive performance gains. To create these methods, it is necessary to collect data scientifically to consolidate a solid analysis for improvement. Objective: Analyze upper limbs strength training in table tennis players. Methods: During the experiment, 20 students were randomly divided into groups to perform daily training according to the original table tennis training plan. The experimental group received a schematized protocol improving the existing teaching by adding upper limb strength training. The experiment totaled eight weeks, with one hour of training conducted twice a week. Results: In the experimental group, the attack distance index increased by 25.378%, the one-minute attack swing index increased by 0.585%, the swing index increased by 12.795%, and the technical attack index increased by 11.452%. Conclusion: The improved upper limb strength training method presented in the protocol of this article can optimize athletes’ muscle strength, increasing balance and swing ability, positively influencing the technical score and final sports performance. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment outcomes.","PeriodicalId":21213,"journal":{"name":"Revista Brasileira de Medicina do Esporte","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67374782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

INFLUENCE OF FUNCTIONAL TRAINING ON TEACHING TABLE TENNIS TO COLLEGE STUDENTS 功能训练对大学生乒乓球教学的影响

4区医学

Revista Brasileira de Medicina do Esporte Pub Date : 2023-02-27 DOI: 10.1590/1517-8692202329012022_0720

Xiangzhi Wu, Jing Li, Hui Ge, Linghong Liu, XiaoMeng Jing

{"title":"INFLUENCE OF FUNCTIONAL TRAINING ON TEACHING TABLE TENNIS TO COLLEGE STUDENTS","authors":"Xiangzhi Wu, Jing Li, Hui Ge, Linghong Liu, XiaoMeng Jing","doi":"10.1590/1517-8692202329012022_0720","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1517-8692202329012022_0720","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Introduction: Contemporary table tennis teaching lacks attention to global abilities; some studies suggest that functional training can supply the demands of the high level of sport competition. Objective: Study the effect of functional training on teaching table tennis to college students. Methods: A controlled random selection was carried out (n=40), in which the experimental group (n=20) chose a functional training program. In contrast, the control group (n=20) participated in the teaching of traditional table tennis skills. The training frequency was one hour daily, three times a week, lasting six weeks. Table tennis-specific fitness was assessed before and after the experiment. Data were cataloged and statistically analyzed. Results: On the manual skills index, the experimental group's score increased from 63,194 to 79,683 points after the experiment, and the control group's score increased from 64,788 to 68,775 points after the experiment. In the regression index, the experimental group score increased from 63.645 to 78.614, and the control group score increased from 64.152 to 70.574. Conclusion: The functional training mode proposed in this paper can rapidly improve the competitive level of table tennis and improve the competitive performance of its practitioners. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment outcomes.","PeriodicalId":21213,"journal":{"name":"Revista Brasileira de Medicina do Esporte","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67375050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

EFFECTS OF SWIMMING ON CARDIOPULMONARY CAPACITY IN COLLEGE STUDENTS 游泳对大学生心肺功能的影响

4区医学

Revista Brasileira de Medicina do Esporte Pub Date : 2023-02-27 DOI: 10.1590/1517-8692202329012022_0741

Jun Hao

{"title":"EFFECTS OF SWIMMING ON CARDIOPULMONARY CAPACITY IN COLLEGE STUDENTS","authors":"Jun Hao","doi":"10.1590/1517-8692202329012022_0741","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1517-8692202329012022_0741","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Introduction: It is believed that strengthening cardiopulmonary function can reduce health risks caused by the COVID-19 virus, and swimming is a practice that could benefit its practitioners during the epidemic context. Objective: Study the effect of swimming on the cardiopulmonary capacity of college students in the context of COVID-19. Methods: A total of 60 volunteers in three groups were trained twice a week for one hour each for 12 weeks. Among them, swimming group A performed freestyle exercises, swimming group B performed breaststroke exercises, and the control group performed reading activities or another study, mainly focusing on staying seated. Results: The cardiopulmonary capacity of groups A and B was improved, while the cardiopulmonary capacity of the control group experienced little change. This shows that swimming training can effectively improve cardiopulmonary capacity in college students. Conclusion: Appropriate swimming training can improve the cardiopulmonary capacity of college students, and optimize their physical fitness, in the context of COVID-19. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment outcomes.","PeriodicalId":21213,"journal":{"name":"Revista Brasileira de Medicina do Esporte","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67376572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

SAFETY AND PREVENTION OF SPORTS INJURIES IN POPULAR ICE AND SNOW SPORTS 流行冰雪运动中运动伤害的安全与预防

4区医学

Revista Brasileira de Medicina do Esporte Pub Date : 2023-02-27 DOI: 10.1590/1517-8692202329012022_0747

Xu Han, Liang Jia

{"title":"SAFETY AND PREVENTION OF SPORTS INJURIES IN POPULAR ICE AND SNOW SPORTS","authors":"Xu Han, Liang Jia","doi":"10.1590/1517-8692202329012022_0747","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1517-8692202329012022_0747","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Introduction: Following the development of ice and snow sports tourism projects, the hidden dangers of early extensive construction have gradually emerged. It mainly manifests itself in the sports safety of ice and snow sports tourism projects. Objective: Explore the management strategy of sports safety under the snow and ice sports tourism landscape. Methods: Literature research, interviews, and questionnaires were used to analyze the development in the study area of ice and snow tourism, the tourists themselves, and regional site construction. Finally, the paper analyzes strategies to improve sports safety management in related areas from the landscape manager's point of view. Results: The development of snow and ice sports tourism projects in the study area is satisfactory; however, due to the epidemic's impact, the current situation is relatively low, showing a trend of slow improvement. In terms of sports injury risk, after optimal training and safety management, the proportion of climatic characteristics of the site was 24.81%; the proportion of the population on the ski slopes was 40.92%; the proportion of equipment cleaning and maintenance was 59.23%; the degree of congestion on the ski slopes was 41.30%; the proportion of public safety was 34.42%; the proportion of basic emergency medical treatment was 32.30%; epidemics and other infectious diseases accounted for 83.13% of the total. Follow-up is done before the start, in the process, and after the occurrence of multiple managements. Conclusion: The safety management strategy of snow and ice sports tourism combines the factors of tourists and managers, and has great practical significance, so it is worthy of promotion. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment outcomes.","PeriodicalId":21213,"journal":{"name":"Revista Brasileira de Medicina do Esporte","volume":"77 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67377103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

EFFECT OF TAI-JI PRACTICE ON THE HEALTH OF THE ELDERLY 太极拳练习对老年人健康的影响

4区医学

Revista Brasileira de Medicina do Esporte Pub Date : 2023-02-27 DOI: 10.1590/1517-8692202329012022_0707

Dawei Liu, Jiajie Liu

{"title":"EFFECT OF TAI-JI PRACTICE ON THE HEALTH OF THE ELDERLY","authors":"Dawei Liu, Jiajie Liu","doi":"10.1590/1517-8692202329012022_0707","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1517-8692202329012022_0707","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Introduction: The practice of Tai-ji has shown a positive effect on the physical functions of the elderly and has been promoted as a recommended daily activity for middle-aged and elderly individuals. However, there is still no scientific evidence about its cardiorespiratory benefits. Objective: Study the effect of Tai-ji on the cardiorespiratory function and physical fitness of the elderly. Methods: A group of elderly people from the same community and in good health, considered suitable for sports experiments was divided into the experimental group for Tai-ji exercise and the control group for vigorous walking exercise. Each week, the Tai-ji exercise with eight steps and the vigorous walking exercise was performed three times in each group. Results: After six weeks of Tai-ji exercise with eight steps of five methods, the vital capacity, maximal oxygen consumption, maximal voluntary ventilation, and oxygen pulse of the experimental group were significantly increased, and the systolic and diastolic pressures were significantly reduced, evidencing an improvement in the performance of the cardiopulmonary function. Conclusion: Tai-ji exercise is beneficial for the cardiopulmonary function and physical health of the elderly and is scientifically useful for improving the mental health level and quality of life of the elderly. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment outcomes.","PeriodicalId":21213,"journal":{"name":"Revista Brasileira de Medicina do Esporte","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67374694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

JOINT INJURIES IN MARTIAL ARTS AND THEIR PREVENTIVE MEASURES 武术中关节损伤及其预防措施

4区医学

Revista Brasileira de Medicina do Esporte Pub Date : 2023-02-27 DOI: 10.1590/1517-8692202329012022_0725

Wu Maotang, Su Zhifeng, Wan Mingyong

{"title":"JOINT INJURIES IN MARTIAL ARTS AND THEIR PREVENTIVE MEASURES","authors":"Wu Maotang, Su Zhifeng, Wan Mingyong","doi":"10.1590/1517-8692202329012022_0725","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1517-8692202329012022_0725","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Introduction: Martial arts athletes are highly prone to joint injuries during training or sports events. These injuries can affect professional performance and cause deleterious psychological damage to athletes. Objective: Explore the current status of joint injuries in martial arts and propose effective preventive measures. Methods: Martial arts athletes were selected to evaluate the types of joint injuries and the method of training in rehabilitating these injuries (n=32). They were randomly divided into an experimental group and a control group. The experimental group received a specific functional preventive training protocol based on updated scientific findings, while the control group received traditional physical training. Range of motion and functional FMS tests were performed before and after the interventions. The results were compared statistically. Results: The most common type of injury for athletes in martial arts is joint injury, followed by ligament and synovial inflammation. The probability of a joint injury rises when athletes are in continuous action training; the FMS test results of the athletes in the experimental group were significantly improved, with a very significant effect. Conclusion: The preventive functional training proposed in this paper can improve athletes’ fitness, improve coordination and joint stability, and prevent sports injuries. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment outcomes.","PeriodicalId":21213,"journal":{"name":"Revista Brasileira de Medicina do Esporte","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67375466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

EFFECTS OF INTERVAL TRAINING ON THE STRENGTH QUALITY OF AEROBIC COLLEGE STUDENTS 间歇训练对有氧大学生力量素质的影响

4区医学

Revista Brasileira de Medicina do Esporte Pub Date : 2023-02-27 DOI: 10.1590/1517-8692202329012022_0738

Fu Limin, Cui Jinghui

{"title":"EFFECTS OF INTERVAL TRAINING ON THE STRENGTH QUALITY OF AEROBIC COLLEGE STUDENTS","authors":"Fu Limin, Cui Jinghui","doi":"10.1590/1517-8692202329012022_0738","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1517-8692202329012022_0738","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Introduction: Intermittent training can effectively promote better physical and psychological quality in athletes. Due to the great increase in aerobic gymnastics practice, interval training has also been gradually considered in the daily training of aerobic sports practitioners. Objective: Study the effects of the interference of high-intensity interval training interventions on strength quality and other physical indicators related to aerobic specialties. Methods: 25 subjects participated in the experimental group, and 25 participated in the control group. The participants had 12 weeks of training, with one hour of physical training on Monday, Wednesday, and Friday. The training mode of the subjects in the experimental group was interval training, while the training mode of the subjects in the control group was daily training. Results: The results of long jump, push-up, 100m run, and 30m round-trip run in the experimental group increased by 17.59%, 23.63%, 17.83%, and 23.98%, respectively. Conclusion: Aerobic gymnastic athletes' physical quality can improve through high-intensity interval training. Thus, if the teaching method of intermittent training can be combined within a given period of classroom training, it will enable an efficient and diversified training method for teaching aerobic gymnastics more innovatively and diversely. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment outcomes.","PeriodicalId":21213,"journal":{"name":"Revista Brasileira de Medicina do Esporte","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67376193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

POSTURAL BALANCE ON BASKETBALL INJURIES 姿势平衡对篮球损伤的影响

4区医学

Revista Brasileira de Medicina do Esporte Pub Date : 2023-02-27 DOI: 10.1590/1517-8692202329012022_0749

Dayao Zhang, Feng Wu

{"title":"POSTURAL BALANCE ON BASKETBALL INJURIES","authors":"Dayao Zhang, Feng Wu","doi":"10.1590/1517-8692202329012022_0749","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1517-8692202329012022_0749","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Introduction: Contemporary basketball has become more competitive and aggressive in the competition process, increasing the corresponding sport's risks. Objective: Analyze the injury risks arising from basketball and study the effects that postural balance training has on them. Methods: A controlled experiment was conducted, in which the experimental group used balance training and the control group used general physical training. Each training lasted one hour, twice a week, and the experimental period was nine weeks. Results: The total FMS scores of the two groups were improved before and after sports training, and the FMS scores of the control group were raised from 14.71 to 15.15, showing no significant difference (P>0.05). The total FMS score in the experimental group increased from 14.38 to 17.69, much higher than the experimental group. It was found that there was a very significant difference. Conclusion: The method proposed in this paper can effectively increase the postural balance ability of athletes, thus reducing the risk of sports injuries in the development of sports. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment results.","PeriodicalId":21213,"journal":{"name":"Revista Brasileira de Medicina do Esporte","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67376802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

EFFECTS OF EXERCISE TRAINING COMBINED WITH ACUPUNCTURE AND MOXIBUSTION ON FATIGUE 运动训练结合针灸对疲劳的影响

4区医学

Revista Brasileira de Medicina do Esporte Pub Date : 2023-02-27 DOI: 10.1590/1517-8692202329012022_0745

L. Jia, Xu Han

{"title":"EFFECTS OF EXERCISE TRAINING COMBINED WITH ACUPUNCTURE AND MOXIBUSTION ON FATIGUE","authors":"L. Jia, Xu Han","doi":"10.1590/1517-8692202329012022_0745","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1517-8692202329012022_0745","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Introduction: Muscle fatigue bothers athletes, affecting training level and competitive performance, it also has a great impact on the physical health of athletes, predisposing them to accidents and an early termination of their career. Relieving sports fatigue is the focus of research in the field of sports health nowadays. Objective: Study the effect of acupuncture and moxibustion rehabilitation combined with physical training on sports fatigue. Methods: A controlled experiment was used. The experimental group used acupuncture and moxibustion combined with exercise training, while the control group used acupuncture and moxibustion. The same group of doctors performed the acupuncture and moxibustion treatment according to the actual situation of the patients, and they tested the changes in VAS pain score and PRI pain score. Results: The VAS pain score in the experimental group was 7.88 points before the procedure and 2.96 points after the sixth week of the procedure. The control group score was 7.67 before the start and 5.03 after training. The total PRI pain score in the experimental group was 6.52 points before training and 2.05 points in the sixth week of training. The control group scored 6.66 before the procedure and 3.89 in the sixth week. Conclusion: The combination of training and exercises can achieve a better rehabilitation effect compared to the isolated treatment of acupuncture and moxibustion. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment outcomes.","PeriodicalId":21213,"journal":{"name":"Revista Brasileira de Medicina do Esporte","volume":"113 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67377006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0