Review of Scientific Instruments最新文献_第7页

Data collection, enhancement, and classification of functional near-infrared spectroscopy motor execution and imagery.

IF 1.3 4区工程技术

Review of Scientific Instruments Pub Date : 2025-03-01 DOI: 10.1063/5.0236392

Baiwei Sun, Xiu Zhang, Xin Zhang, Bingyue Xu, Yujie Wang

{"title":"Data collection, enhancement, and classification of functional near-infrared spectroscopy motor execution and imagery.","authors":"Baiwei Sun, Xiu Zhang, Xin Zhang, Bingyue Xu, Yujie Wang","doi":"10.1063/5.0236392","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0236392","url":null,"abstract":"Recognition and execution of motor imagery play a key role in brain-computer interface (BCI) and are prerequisites for converting thoughts into executable instructions. However, to date, data acquired through commonly used electroencephalography (EEG) methods are very sensitive to motion interference, which will affect the accuracy of the data classification. The emerging functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) technique, while overcoming the drawbacks of EEG's susceptibility to interference and difficulty in detecting motor signals, has less publicly available data. In this paper, we designed a motor execution and imagery experiment based on a wearable fNIRS device to acquire brain signals and proposed a modified Kolmogorov-Arnold network (named SE-KAN) for recognizing fNIRS signals corresponding to the task. Due to the small number of subjects in this experiment, the Wasserstein generative adversarial network was used to enhance the data processing. For the fNIRS data recognition task, the SE-KAN method achieved 96.36 ± 2.43% single-subject accuracy and 84.72 ± 3.27% cross-subject accuracy. It is believed that the dataset and method of this paper will help the development of BCI.","PeriodicalId":21111,"journal":{"name":"Review of Scientific Instruments","volume":"96 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143543383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Median method for robust and accurate power spectral density estimation of stochastic oscillators. 用于随机振荡器稳健而准确的功率谱密度估计的中值法。

IF 1.3 4区工程技术

Review of Scientific Instruments Pub Date : 2025-03-01 DOI: 10.1063/5.0245129

Aleksander Labuda, Dara Walters, Martin Lysy

引用次数: 0

Using real-time nuclear activation detectors for measuring neutron yields from D(D, T)n reactions on the national ignition facility (NIF).

IF 1.3 4区工程技术

Review of Scientific Instruments Pub Date : 2025-03-01 DOI: 10.1063/5.0213464

B Lahmann, K D Hahn, E A Henry, F Munteanu, D J Schlossberg, R M Bionta

引用次数: 0

Direct electrocaloric effect (ECE) measurement method using infrared (IR) sensor in P(VDF-TrFE-CFE) and P(VDF-TrFE-CTFE) films.

IF 1.3 4区工程技术

Review of Scientific Instruments Pub Date : 2025-03-01 DOI: 10.1063/5.0249166

Renata Saha, Steven R Mackara, Denis Kondakov, John David Allen, Gabriel Schumacher, Mark A Guidry, Weiying Gao

{"title":"Direct electrocaloric effect (ECE) measurement method using infrared (IR) sensor in P(VDF-TrFE-CFE) and P(VDF-TrFE-CTFE) films.","authors":"Renata Saha, Steven R Mackara, Denis Kondakov, John David Allen, Gabriel Schumacher, Mark A Guidry, Weiying Gao","doi":"10.1063/5.0249166","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0249166","url":null,"abstract":"The use of traditional Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning systems significantly contributes to global warming, prompting the exploration of alternative cooling technologies. Among these, electrocaloric cooling has emerged as a promising solid-state solution that offers energy efficiency and reduced environmental impact. To evaluate the electrocaloric effect of these materials, two measurement methods have been identified: indirect and direct. While the indirect method suffers from reliability and mathematical assumption issues, the direct approach is often expensive to implement. In response, we explored a reliable method utilizing an infrared sensor to measure the electrocaloric cooling effect. This method was tested on electrocaloric films, specifically P(VDF-TrFE-CTFE) and P(VDF-TrFE-CFE), fabricated using different techniques with thicknesses ranging from 7 to 10 μm, under varying electric fields and temperatures. Our findings indicate the potential of this direct measurement technique to enhance the assessment of electrocaloric cooling technologies.","PeriodicalId":21111,"journal":{"name":"Review of Scientific Instruments","volume":"96 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143693128","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Demonstration of the minimal coupling of horizontal accelerations to rotations in a torsion balance suspended from three wires.

IF 1.3 4区工程技术

Review of Scientific Instruments Pub Date : 2025-03-01 DOI: 10.1063/5.0249973

Amit Singh Ubhi, Clive C Speake, Emilia Chick, Conner Gettings

{"title":"Demonstration of the minimal coupling of horizontal accelerations to rotations in a torsion balance suspended from three wires.","authors":"Amit Singh Ubhi, Clive C Speake, Emilia Chick, Conner Gettings","doi":"10.1063/5.0249973","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0249973","url":null,"abstract":"Cavendish-type torsion balances have high sensitivity for measuring forces over ranges of a few centimeters and more, but their dynamics make it difficult to extend this range to much less than fractions of a millimeter. For example, the atomic force microscope is often used in favor of the torsion balance to measure the short-range Casimir force. We present the results of a study of a simple torsion balance with a three-wire suspension. The constraints of the three wires offer the possibility of maintaining parallelism between flat plates with areas of a few ∼cm2 at separations of ≤10μm, which could potentially be useful for precision studies of short-range forces. We develop and discuss simple analytical models of the three-wire torsion balance and describe an experimental investigation into the coupling of ground tilt (and by inference horizontal acceleration) to its torsional rotation. We show that, like the Cavendish-type torsion balance, the three-wire torsion balance is highly insensitive to tilts and that the most significant coupling is due to the differences in lengths of the suspension wires. We also demonstrate that the tilt sensitivity changes linearly with the differences in the wire lengths due to small tension changes corresponding to displacements of the center of mass.","PeriodicalId":21111,"journal":{"name":"Review of Scientific Instruments","volume":"96 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143711143","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Spin alignment based Rb-87 magnetometry with free spin precession.

IF 1.3 4区工程技术

Review of Scientific Instruments Pub Date : 2025-03-01 DOI: 10.1063/5.0242881

Yang Li, Lulu Zhang, Yongbiao Yang, Junye Zhao, Yanhua Wang, Baodong Yang, Junmin Wang

{"title":"Spin alignment based Rb-87 magnetometry with free spin precession.","authors":"Yang Li, Lulu Zhang, Yongbiao Yang, Junye Zhao, Yanhua Wang, Baodong Yang, Junmin Wang","doi":"10.1063/5.0242881","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0242881","url":null,"abstract":"Spin alignment based Rb-87 magnetometry with free spin precession has been proposed. A 795-nm linearly polarized laser beam, serving as the pump beam and the probe beam, propagates through a cylindrical Rb-87 enriched atomic vapor cell along the Z axis, with the polarization orientation aligned along the Y axis. Simultaneously, the static magnetic field B0⃗ is applied along the Y axis, and the π/2 pulse radio-frequency (RF) magnetic field BRF⃗ is applied along the Z axis. Given that the laser polarization direction aligns with the static magnetic field, the pump beam exhibits π polarization. This induces a symmetric population distribution of ground-state atoms across the Zeeman sublevels. This leads to the generation of a magnetic quadrupole moment, thereby facilitating the formation of the spin alignment state. The π/2 pulse RF magnetic field aligns the magnetic quadrupole moment with the direction of the RF magnetic field. Upon the cessation of the RF magnetic field, the magnetic quadrupole moment undergoes precession around the static magnetic field. The linearly polarized probe beam, in conjunction with a balanced polarimeter comprising a true zero-order half-wave plate, a Wollaston prism, and a balanced differential photodiode, is employed to measure the free precession decay signal. In this magnetometry system, both the pump power and the RF magnetic field strength have been optimized. The sensitivity of the spin alignment based Rb-87 magnetometry with free spin precession is about 1.7 pT/Hz1/2.","PeriodicalId":21111,"journal":{"name":"Review of Scientific Instruments","volume":"96 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143711161","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Fiber PROES: Phase resolved optical emission spectroscopy via optical fibers for knowledge-based plasma process development and monitoring.

IF 1.3 4区工程技术

Review of Scientific Instruments Pub Date : 2025-03-01 DOI: 10.1063/5.0244243

Florian Beckfeld, Matthias Janssen, Constantin Neuroth, Ihor Korolov, Julian Schulze

{"title":"Fiber PROES: Phase resolved optical emission spectroscopy via optical fibers for knowledge-based plasma process development and monitoring.","authors":"Florian Beckfeld, Matthias Janssen, Constantin Neuroth, Ihor Korolov, Julian Schulze","doi":"10.1063/5.0244243","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0244243","url":null,"abstract":"High-frequency technological low-temperature plasmas play a key role in various industrial processes of high societal relevance, such as semiconductor manufacturing and gas conversion. Due to their complexity, the fundamentals of their operation are typically not understood and process development is done empirically. The continuous increase in process requirements with respect to precision and reproducibility, however, necessitates knowledge-based approaches toward process development and monitoring. Diagnostic techniques used for this should be non-invasive, have short measuring times, and have low equipment costs. A valuable tool to understand plasma processes is to measure the spatio-temporally resolved dynamics of energetic electrons with phase resolved optical emission spectroscopy (PROES), as these electrons generate the plasma through ionization and reactive radicals through dissociation of the neutral gas. However, PROES is typically performed based on expensive intensified charge-coupled device (ICCD) cameras, is slow, and requires large windows for optical access to the plasma, which do not exist in commercial reactors. To overcome these limitations, we present a modified version of this diagnostic, Fiber PROES, which is based on an optical fiber in combination with a photo-multiplier tube operated in a photon-counting mode. Compared to classical PROES, only a small fiber access port is required, which is typically available in commercial plasma reactors, the costs are strongly reduced, and the measurement speed is increased. We demonstrate that Fiber PROES yields similar results compared to classical ICCD-camera-based PROES by comparing measurements taken in geometrically symmetric capacitively coupled radio frequency plasma based on both PROES variants.","PeriodicalId":21111,"journal":{"name":"Review of Scientific Instruments","volume":"96 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143568054","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Simultaneous positioning and operation of multiple probe drives for inverse mirror experimental plasma device.

IF 1.3 4区工程技术

Review of Scientific Instruments Pub Date : 2025-03-01 DOI: 10.1063/5.0244966

Jignesh Patel, Rosh Roy, Kalpesh Doshi, Tanmay Karmakar, Imran Mansuri, Manisha Bhandarkar, Kirti Mahajan, Prabal Chattopadhyay

{"title":"Simultaneous positioning and operation of multiple probe drives for inverse mirror experimental plasma device.","authors":"Jignesh Patel, Rosh Roy, Kalpesh Doshi, Tanmay Karmakar, Imran Mansuri, Manisha Bhandarkar, Kirti Mahajan, Prabal Chattopadhyay","doi":"10.1063/5.0244966","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0244966","url":null,"abstract":"An innovative instrumentation technique is developed to enable precise and efficient positional scans with motorized probe diagnostics, distributed axially and radially in Inverse Mirror Plasma Experimental Device (IMPED). The developed system automates diagnostic operations by positioning the probes, triggering the conditioning circuits, and acquiring and archiving structured data. A client-server based architecture is implemented and structured into discrete hierarchical layers enabling efficient remote operation and control over the Ethernet network. At the top layer, a supervisory node integrates multiple diagnostic probe drive units distributed over the local area network and implements positional scans using a programmatic input table in integration with the data acquisition system. The intermediate layer consists of embedded Transmission Control Protocol server nodes developed for each probe drive overseeing drive status, trajectory execution, and fault-tolerant operation. This layer communicates using the Standard Commands for Programmable Instruments, which are integrated through distributed embedded nodes. The bottom layer involves real-time servo controllers executing precise probe drive motion in closed loop control. The developed control technique of positional scan allows experiments with a user-defined extensive range of spatial locations with sub-millimeter precision (±0.2 mm). This system presently integrates 12 distributed motorized probe drives, allowing for simultaneous spatial positioning. For IMPED, a typical radial scan of 80 mm with 40 uniform steps is executed in ∼150 s. This automation enhances the reproducibility and efficiency of machine operation by significantly reducing the diagnostic time compared to manual operation. Scalability and flexibility of the architecture allow for future expansion, making it adaptable to similar scientific experiments.","PeriodicalId":21111,"journal":{"name":"Review of Scientific Instruments","volume":"96 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143625751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Application of design of experiments in accelerated degradation testing of new energy low voltage electrical appliances.

IF 1.3 4区工程技术

Review of Scientific Instruments Pub Date : 2025-03-01 DOI: 10.1063/5.0250447

Yinfang Huang, Yunhong Zhou

{"title":"Application of design of experiments in accelerated degradation testing of new energy low voltage electrical appliances.","authors":"Yinfang Huang, Yunhong Zhou","doi":"10.1063/5.0250447","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0250447","url":null,"abstract":"With the continuous development of the new energy industry, the lifespan requirements for low-voltage electrical appliances are increasing, and the time cycle for verifying lifespan is getting longer. Traditional testing methods no longer meet these requirements. Therefore, it is necessary to introduce accelerated degradation testing technology to shorten the testing cycle. The currently commonly used accelerated degradation method considers only a single stress factor. However, an electrical appliance is subjected to various stresses simultaneously during actual usage. These stresses affect the rate of degradation to varying degrees. A single stress factor cannot reflect the actual degradation effect of the appliance. The Six Sigma design and one of its tools, the Design of Experiments (DOEs) method, are presented here. Experiments show that the DOE method can identify key stress combinations in multiple stress sources. It can improve the efficiency of acceleration factor combination selection, derive the maximum degradation range of key accelerated stress factors, and then generate a DOE test scheme. Through the analysis of the experimental results, it is further verified that the degradation of the key stress factors combination can effectively improve the efficiency of product testing. Meanwhile, the value of key stress factors obtained by DOE has a great influence on the degradation effect.","PeriodicalId":21111,"journal":{"name":"Review of Scientific Instruments","volume":"96 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143664323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Design and characterization of a compact complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) based soft x-ray transmission grating spectrometer with application to laser-produced plasmas.

IF 1.3 4区工程技术

Review of Scientific Instruments Pub Date : 2025-03-01 DOI: 10.1063/5.0241966

K Mongey, R Brady, T Miyazaki, E Sokell, B Delaney, F O'Reilly

{"title":"Design and characterization of a compact complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) based soft x-ray transmission grating spectrometer with application to laser-produced plasmas.","authors":"K Mongey, R Brady, T Miyazaki, E Sokell, B Delaney, F O'Reilly","doi":"10.1063/5.0241966","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0241966","url":null,"abstract":"Spectroscopy is a fundamental tool in characterizing laser-produced plasmas. In this article, the design and deployment of a centimeter-scale soft x-ray transmission grating spectrometer that utilizes a commercial Complementary Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor (CMOS) detector are discussed in detail. This spectrometer was designed to facilitate the spectral characterization of micrometer-scale soft x-ray emitting laser-produced plasmas with a short working path length. A free-standing silicon nitride transmission grating with a pitch of 100 nm, a working width of 5 μm, and an effective length of 3 mm is utilized in conjunction with precision scale machining and 3D printing techniques to construct the device. With the spectrometer, spectral images are produced, showing emission features in the 1-3 nm region from multiple atomic targets. We present these results compared to spectra recorded with a higher-resolution spectrometer and also investigate the utility of photon counting based spectroscopy, whereby the energy dependent response of the CMOS detector itself is utilized. The spectrometer impulse response function is modeled using the Fresnel diffraction integral, with a fixed grating aperture. Simulated spectra are produced using FLYCHK, a dimensionless collisional radiative model for the laser-produced plasma, which serves as a model input to test the veracity of the optical modeling. In addition to developing a compact and affordable spectrometer, a primary motivation behind this device was to record spectral data from laser plasma emission in high pressure helium environments, and data are presented on this.","PeriodicalId":21111,"journal":{"name":"Review of Scientific Instruments","volume":"96 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143658434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0